The aerospace and power generation industries have an increasing demand for high-temperature, highstrength materials. However, conventional materials typically lack sufficient fracture toughness and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This study aims to enhance the high-temperature properties of Nb-Si-Ti alloys through ball milling. To analyze the effects of milling time, the progression of alloying is evaluated on the basis of XRD patterns and the microstructure of alloy powders. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is employed to produce compacts, with thermodynamic modeling assisting in predicting phase fractions and sintering temperature ranges. The changes in the microstructure and variation in the mechanical properties due to the adjustment of the sintering temperature provide insights into the influence of Nb solid solution, Nb5Si3, and crystallite size within the compacts. By investigating the changes in the mechanical properties through strengthening mechanisms, such as precipitation strengthening, solid solution strengthening, and crystallite refinement, this study aims to verify the applicability of Nb-Si-Ti alloys in advanced material systems.

Oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel has excellent high-temperature properties, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance, and is expected to be applicable in various fields. Recently, various studies on mechanical alloying (MA) have been conducted for the dispersion of oxide particles in ODS steel with a high number density. In this study, ODS steel is manufactured by introducing a complex milling process in which planetary ball milling, cryogenic ball milling, and drum ball milling are sequentially performed, and the microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of the ODS steel are investigated. The microstructure observation revealed that the structure is stretched in the extrusion direction, even after the heat treatment. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed the presence of oxide particles in the range of 5 to 10 nm. As a result of the room-temperature and high-temperature compression tests, the yield strengths were measured as 1430, 1388, 418, and 163 MPa at 25, 500, 700, and 900oC, respectively. Based on these results, the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties of ODS steel manufactured using the composite milling process is also discussed.

Iron-based amorphous powder attracts increasing attention because of its excellent soft magnetic properties and low iron loss at high frequencies. The development of an insulating layer on the surface of the amorphous soft magnetic powder is important for minimizing the eddy current loss and enhancing the energy efficiency of highfrequency devices by further increasing the electrical resistivity of the cores. In this study, a hybrid insulating coating layer is investigated to compensate for the limitations of monolithic organic or inorganic coating layers. Fe2O3 nanoparticles are added to the flexible silicon-based epoxy layer to prevent magnetic dilution; in addition TiO2 nanoparticles are added to enhance the mechanical durability of the coating layer. In the hybrid coating layer with optimal composition, the decrease in magnetic permeability and saturation magnetization is suppressed.

In this study, we fabricate a thin- and dense-BCuP-5 coating layer, one of the switching device multilayers, through a plasma spray process. In addition, the microstructure and macroscopic properties of the coating layer, such as hardness and bond strength, are investigated. Both the initial powder feedstock and plasma-sprayed BCuP-5 coating layer show the main Cu phase, Cu-Ag-Cu3P ternary phases, and Ag phase. This means that microstructural degradation does not occur during plasma spraying. The Vickers hardness of the coating layer was measured as 117.0 HV, indicating that the fine distribution of the three phases enables the excellent mechanical properties of the plasma-sprayed BCuP-5 coating layer. The pull-off strength of the plasma-sprayed BCuP-5 coating layer is measured as 16.5 kg/cm2. Based on the above findings, the applicability of plasma spray for the fabrication process of low-cost multi-layered electronic contact materials is discussed and suggested.

Additively manufactured metallic components contain high surface roughness values, which lead to unsatisfactory high cycle fatigue resistance. In this study, high cycle fatigue properties of selective laser melted Ti-6Al- 4V alloy are investigated and the effect of dry-electropolishing, which does not cause weight loss, on the fatigue resistance is also examined. To reduce the internal defect in the as-built Ti-6Al-4V, first, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is conducted. Then, to improve the mechanical properties, solution treatment and aging are also implemented. Selective laser melting (SLM)-built Ti64 shows a primary α and secondary α+β lamellar structure. The sizes of secondary α and β are approximately 2 μm and 100 nm, respectively. On the other hand, surface roughness Ra values of before and after dry-electropolishing are 6.21 μm and 3.15 μm, respectively. This means that dry-electropolishing is effective in decreasing the surface roughness of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The comparison of high cycle fatigue properties between before and after dry-electropolished samples shows that reduced surface roughness improves the fatigue limit from 150 MPa to 170 MPa. Correlations between surface roughness and high cycle fatigue properties are also discussed based on these findings.

This study investigates the directional recrystallization behavior of Ni based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy according to the zone annealing velocity. The zone annealing temperature is set as 1390oC, while the zone velocities are set as 2.5, 4, 6, and 10 cm/h, respectively. The initial microstructure observation of the as-extruded sample shows equiaxed grains of random orientation, with an average grain size of 530 nm. On the other hand, the zone annealed samples show a large deviation in grain size depending on the zone velocities. In particular, grains with a size of several millimeters are observed at 2.5-cm/h zone velocity. It is also found that the preferred orientation varies with the zone annealing velocity. On the basis of these results, this study discusses the role of zone velocities in the directional recrystallization of Ni base ODS alloy.

In order to expand the application of oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel, a composite material is manufactured by adding mechanically alloyed ODS steel powder to conventional steel and investigated in terms of microstructure and wear properties. For comparison, a commercial automobile part material is also tested. Initial microstructural observations confirm that the composite material with added ODS steel contains i) a pearlitic Fe matrix area and ii) an area with Cr-based carbides and ODS steel particles in the form of a Fe-Fe3C structure. In the commercial material, various hard Co-, Fe-Mo-, and Cr-based particles are present in a pearlitic Fe matrix. Wear testing using the VSR engine simulation wear test confirms that the seatface widths of the composite material with added ODS steel and the commercial material are increased by 24% and 47%, respectively, with wear depths of 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The ODS steel-added composite material shows better wear resistance. Post-wear-testing surface and cross-sectional observations show that particles in the commercial material easily fall off, while the ODS steel-added material has an even, smooth wear surface.

This study investigates the oxidation properties of Fe-14Cr ferritic oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel at various high temperatures (900, 1000, and 1100°C for 24 h). The initial microstructure shows that no clear structural change occurs even under high-temperature heat treatment, and the average measured grain size is 0.4 and 1.1 μm for the as-fabricated and heat-treated specimens, respectively. Y–Ti–O nanoclusters 10–50 nm in size are observed. High-temperature oxidation results show that the weight increases by 0.27 and 0.29 mg/cm2 for the asfabricated and heat-treated (900°C) specimens, and by 0.47 and 0.50 mg/cm2 for the as-fabricated and heat-treated (1000°C) specimens, respectively. Further, after 24 h oxidation tests, the weight increases by 56.50 and 100.60 mg/cm2 for the as-fabricated and heat-treated (1100°C) specimens, respectively; the latter increase is approximately 100 times higher than that at 1000°C. Observation of the surface after the oxidation test shows that Cr2O3 is the main oxide on a specimen tested at 1000°C, whereas Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 phases also form on a specimen tested at 1100°C, where the weight increases rapidly. The high-temperature oxidation behavior of Fe-14Cr ODS steel is confirmed to be dominated by changes in the Cr2O3 layer and generation of Fe-based oxides through evaporation.

오늘날 중소기업의 자동화 및 정보화 설비구축을 보면 과거보다는 높은 발전을 이루고 있다. 그러나 이러한 독립된 설비, 장비, 시스템의 기능을 살려 관리와 경영의 효율을 높이기 위해서는 인력과 비용이 많이 소요되어 운영계획을 포기하거나, 규모를 축소하여 생산성향상에 저해되는 상황이 발생하기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최근에 반도체 기술의 발전으로 임베디드 마이크로프로세서의 개발로 보다 용이하고, 빠르게 시스템을 설계하거나 변경을 할 수 있도록 하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 인터페이스를 구현하였다. 특히, 중소형 제조기업에서 실시간으로 생산정보를 통해 경영에서 필요로 하는 정보를 생성하는 프로세스를 제시하였다.

본 연구는 2002년 1월부터 2003년 5월까지 오염원이 비교적 단순한 산지하천에서의 무기 영양염 및 유기물 변동을 고찰하기 위해 낙동강 지류인 대천천의 상류에서 실시되었다. 조사지점은 인위적인 오염이 없는 DC1, 주위의 식당과 민가에서 생활하수가 유입되는 DC2, DC3, DC4그리고 부분적으로 수질이 자연 정화된 DC5이다. 전기전도도, 탁도, BOD는 하수의 유입으로 인하여 DC2에서 급격히 증가하였다가 DC5에서 다시 낮아졌다. 수층의 NH

This study intend to make easy modification, even if there is a new job or structure change, by modularizing program and computerize and automation of production control management used in CIM. under the condition where manager control production on the j

An Order Management System related to press die fabrication in automobile industry are developed in this research. This system is constructed by CORBA and XML to avoid disorder from data integration. Because CORBA can integrate diverse applications within distributed heterogeneous environments and XML can be made use of data exchange format, The developed system is available on almost any hardware platforms, operation system environments, and programming languages.

본 논문의 목적은 흉부 CT검사를 시행하는 소아환자의 조영제 투여를 최소화하고 조영 증강은 최적화하기 위하여, 몸무게의 변화에 따른 생리학적 주입 프로토콜을 정립하는 것이다. 만 10세 이하의 소아환자 80 명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 혈관 조영제 300 ㎎I/㎖를 사용하였으며, A그룹은 몸무게 1.5배의 용량을 주입 하였고, B, C, D 그룹은 10％씩 감소하면서 생리식염수 5 ~ 15 ㎖를 추가 주입하였다. 조영제와 생리식염수의 주입량과 속도 및 지연시간을 몸무게와 연동하여 계산할 수 있는 생리학적 모델의 엑셀시트를 적용하였다. 화질평가는 상대정맥, 상행대동맥, 폐동맥, 우심방, 우심실, 좌심방, 좌심실, 하행대동맥, 쇄골하정맥의 CT number와 SNR을 측정하여 그룹간 비교하였으며, 생리식염수 주입에 따른 인공물 감소효과를 파악하기 위하여 쇄골하정맥과 상대정맥의 CT number를 비교하였다. 또한 조영 증강의 정도와 인공물에 대하여 정성적 평가를 추가로 수행하였다. 조영제 주입 프로토콜에 따른 SNR을 비교 평가한 결과, 상대정맥과 폐동맥, 하행대동맥, 우심실, 좌심실에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, CT number는 모든 장기에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히 조영제를 10％ 감소하고 생리식염수를 추가 주입한 그룹은 조영 증강 정도는 차이가 없었으나, 20% 이상 감소한 그룹은 조영 증강의 정도가 낮게 나타났다. 또한 생리식염수 주입한 그룹은 상대정맥과 쇄골하정맥의 조영 증강이 매우 감소되었고, 조영제에 의한 빔 경화 인공물이 상당히 감쇄되었다. 결론적으로 소아의 흉부 CT 검사에서 생리학적 조영제 주입 프로토콜의 적용은 조영제에 의한 인공물을 감소시키면서, 불필요한 조영제 사용을 예방하고 조영 증강의 효과는 향상시킬 수 있었다.