This study will propose newly emerging food businesses followed by demographical changes of customers or development of internet based environment and considered food safety related laws or legal application on it. This emerging food business could not be defined as classical criteria based on the food safety laws, so that they have to be controlled by differentiated legal criteria. Total fourteen related laws which have to be applied on newly emerging food business retailing general food or packed animal products have been considered and administrative disposition criteria was also suggested in this study. This study systematically propose the legal criteria for changing or emerging food business and highlight the importance of sustainable or differentiated food safety management of possible future food business.

Fishing pots are one of the important fishing gears in our coastal and offshore fisheries. In terms of a sustainable use of marine resources, there are concerns about the ghost fishing by lost pots. It is reported that 10 to 70% of the pots are abandoned or lost annually. This study is to compare the catching efficiency of drum type whelk pots that are made of biodegradable nets to those made of the ordinary nets, in the eastern coast of Korea. Five types of drum pots were used with combination of biodegradable nets and ordinary (PA, PE) nets applied to the main and funnel parts of the pots: pots with biodegradable nets (Bio+Bio); pots with PE net (PE+PE); pots with body and funnel made of biodegradable nets and PE nets respectively (Bio+PE); pots with body and funnel made of PE nets and PA nets respectively (PE+PA); pots with body and funnel made of PE nets and biodegradable net respectively (PE+Bio). Field experiments were conducted from June 18th, 2015 to August 7th, 2015 using a commercial fishing vessel in the Uljin waters on the eastern coast of Korea. Two fleets of pots with one hundred in each, 20 pots of each type, were casted for 8 to 15 days to analyze their catching efficiency. The catch of target species, whelks, was 202,563.0 g with catch rate of 38.7% of the total catch, while the bycatch was 320,709.7 g with the rate of 61.3% of the total catch. The catch of whelks was the highest in the Bio+PE pots (46,020.3 g), followed by the Bio+Bio pots (42,027.5 g), the PE+Bio pots (41,849.9 g) and the lowest being PE+PE pots (38,054.2 g). Compared to the conventional pots, the pots with biodegradable nets on the body or entrance part had slightly higher catch rate for both the target species and the bycatch. The PE+PE had the lowest catch rate. There is no significant difference in catch between the pots with biodegradable nets and the ordinary nets for the target species such as Buccinum opisthoplectum, Neptunea eulimata, Buccinum striatissimum. Consequently, using biodegradable nets for the conventional whelk pots can reduce ghost fishing by lost gears while keeping the performance of the pots.

본 연구에서는 1차 농수산물 및 축산물의 기능성 표시광고를 제한하는 법 제도적 제한요인을 탐색하 였다. 우선 이를 위해 선행연구들을 참조하여 농수산물의 품질 및 안전성과 직결되거나 식품표시와 관 련된 법령인 양곡관리법, 축산물위생관리법, 식품위생법, 건강기능식품에 관한 법률, 시행령, 시행규칙 및 표시광고 관련 조항들을 고찰하였다. 법 조항의 적용 시 법률간 관리대상 식품 형태 및 범위의 모호 성, 규제대상 영업자 모호한 설정이 농수산물 기능성 표시광고의 주요 제한요인으로 판단된다. 또한 법 령 주관부처 별 중복규제 가능성, 행정처분 기준의 모호성 등이 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 농식품의 기능성 표시광고 제한요인을 도출하였으며, 이는 1차 농수산물 경쟁력 강화를 위한 정책 기초자료로 활 용될 수 있다.

Total 24 endophytic fungal strains were purely isolated from Salicornia europaea L. native to representative saltern of the Korea, Gomso. Strains were partially identified using amplified internal transcribed spacer(ITS) regions and the phylogenetic tree were constructed. Furthermore, deduction of two diversity indices was done. Endophytic fungal isolates belonging to 9 genera, concretely in Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Gibberella, Macrophoma, Penicillium, Phoma, Stemphylium, and unidentified(Pleosporales), respectively. Especially, Aspergillus(29%), Penicillium(21%) and Fusarium(13%) were dominantly distributed genera from the roots of S. europaea. Among them, genera Aspergillus, Aureobasidium or Gibberella have been reported with their activities of plant growth promoting, induces systemic resistance in previous researches. This study is dealing with the securing the diversity of endophytic fungi that showing symbiotic relationship with their host halophyte S. europaea which take the counter stage as a new crop resource.

The species composition and distribution of catches by dredge gear in the Yeongil Bay, Korea were investigated on aseasonal basis from February to November, 2015. Total catches consisted of 44 species and 35 families. They were 13 species of fish, 10 species of crustacea, 5 species of echinodermata, 5 species of gastropoda, 4 species of cephalopoda and 3 species of bivalvia. Major catch species was shellfish and had seasonal variations in catch. In spring and winter, the catch of ark shell (Scapharca broughtonii) was increased. Adversely, the catch of admas venus clam (Callithaca adamsi) increased in sunmmer and autumn. Species diversity indices was high as the value of 1.99 in spring, and low to the value of 0.34 in summer. In addition, multi dimentional scaling (MDS) indices also was high in spring as the value of 1.99. In summer, the index was low as the value of 0.34. Similarity analysis based on species data was transformed by fourth root. With the result of cluster analysis and MDS analysis, species was divided into two groups. The first group as Group A consists of winter and spring species and another was Group B made of species in summer and winter.

본 연구에서는 농업 분야 유용미생물 자원의 국가적 확보 현황을 파악하기 위해 이들의 생물분류학적 정보를 수집하였으며 이들에 대해 생물 종 다양성 지수를 도입하여 평가하였다. 대표적인 생물다양성 평가방법인 Margalef’s richness 및 Mehinick’s index를 각각 적용한 경우 세균은 각각 8.537, 3.546, 진균은 각각 3.349, 2.167의 값을 나타내었다. 높은 수준의 다양성을 가지고 연구·개발되고 있는 이들 농업 분야 유용미생물 및 농산물의 수확 후 선도저하를 유발한다고 보고된 주요 미생물들의 분류학적 위치를 비교하였을 때 일부 미생물이 유사한 분류학적 위치를 보이는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 친환경 농업 분야 유용미생물의 연구개발 및 작물 내생 미생물에 관한 연구 등 농업 분야 미생물에 대한 전반 적인 연구현황을 고찰하여 농산물의 수확 후 선도관리를 위한 보완책을 제시하고자 하였다.

Species composition and bycatch rate of the catches by dredge with bycatch reduction device to reduce bycatch were estimated around Yeongil Bay, Korea at June, 2015. Total catches were collected 31 species as Chordata 10 species, mollusca 8 species, arthropoda 6 species, echinodermata 5 species, sipunculida 1 species, annelida 1 species during the experiment at the Yeongil Bay. The dominant species were Scapharca broughtonii, Callithaca adamsi, and Atrina pectinata and they reached 79.9% of the total catch. The catch rate of Scapharca broughtonii and Callithaca adamsi was 69.6% and 10.4% respectively. The rate of bycatch was 20.1%, consisted with Echinodemata 13.0%, Chordata 3.6%. The catch of ordinary dredge was 27 species 1,307 number 85,052g and that of dredge with escapement device was 21 species 1,690 number 91,648g. In conclusion, the dredge gear with bycatch reduction device has higher catch rate of target species and lower bycatch rate to non–target species than ordinary one.

본 연구는 농수산물의 원산지 표시법에 관한 법률에 따른 음식점의 원산지 표시관리 실태를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 개인 음식점 및 프랜차이즈 업체들을 선발하여 원산지 표시관리 실태를 조 사하였으며, 원산지 관리미흡 사례를 도출하였다. 조사된 전체 표시관리 미흡 사례는 농수산물의 원산 지 표시에 관한 법률 및 농림축산식품부 고시 원산지 표시요령에 정의된 관리미흡 유형에 따라 각각 국 가명 표시오류 38.4%, 함량순서에 따른 표시오류 28.0%, 원산지 일부 미표시 11.2%, 원산지 표시판 미 게시 15.2%, 증빙서류 미보관 7.2%으로 구분되었다. 이들을 다시 프랜차이즈와 개인 음식점으로 구분 할 경우 프랜차이즈에서 개인 음식점과 구분되는 특징적인 유형별 발생비율을 보였다. 이에 따라 프랜 차이즈의 표시관리 미흡 유형별로 그 발생 원인을 탐색한 결과 프랜차이즈 운영시스템에서 기인된 몇 가지 특이적인 원인들을 도출할 수 있었다. 이를 근거로 프랜차이즈 업체의 효율적 원산지 표시관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

Experiments for catch and cluster analysis on the catch by gillnet for the Pacific herring were conducted using traditional nylon net (PA) and developing biodegradable net (PBS) with different monofilaments of #2 (=0.23 mm) and #3 (=0.28 mm) in diameter between 2011 and 2012, and of #2, #2.5 and #3 in 2013 in the eastern coastal waters of Samcheok, Korea. The total catch during the experiments was 3,337kg in weight and 16,757 individuals in number. Though the catch ratio of the Pacific herring in 2011 and 2012 was 97.4% and 98.7%, respectively, that of the Pacific herring in 2013 was 73.6% as the biggest and followed by goldeye rockfish (8.6%), black edged sculpin (8.4%), atka mackerel (7.2%) and Alaska cod (1.0%). The ANOVA analysis on the total catch in relation to net material showed that there was not statistically significant difference at the 5% level between nylon net (PA) and biodegradable net (PBS) (p=0.91). With the cluster analysis on the catch in relation to net material (PA, PBS) and twine thick (#2, #3), it showed the influence of net material on the catch was greater than that of twine diameter in this experiment. From the test of homogeneity on the catch by the gillnet with PA and PBS in which several species were caught in 2013, there was not statistically significant homogeneity in relation to net material (p<0.005). That meant the traditional gillnet of nylon (PA) was more efficient than the biodegradable (PBS) gillnet to catch several kinds of fish, however the PBS gillnet was better than the PA gillnet to catch the target Pacific herring.

시중에 유통중인 농·축산물을 대상으로 소비자 구매시점인 소매단계에서 국가인증품의 유통 비율을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 우선 관계법령을 고찰하여 인증종류별 인증대상 품목을 정리한 후, 농·축산물이 집중 유통될 것으로 생각되는 hypermarket 6곳을 선정하여 이들의 품질표시를 조사하였다. 그 결과 전체 조사대상 농산물 1588제품 중 친환경 인증(16.5%), 지리적 표시(2.14%), 우수관리 농산물(1.57%) 및 농산물 이력추적 등록(0.13%) 의 비율을 보였으며, 축산물의 경우 전체 축산물 405 제품 중 친환경 인증(31.36%), 동물복지(1.98 %) 및 지리적 표시(0%)의 비율을 보였다. 이와 더불어 국가인증 표시품에 대해 인증표시의 적절성 여부를 평가하였을 때, 전체 인증품 중 1.31%의 제품에서 부적합 표시가 나타났다. 국가인증품 유통에 영향을 미치는 요인으로서 법 제도적 제약사항 및 인증표시 실태를 종합하여 식품안전과 관련된 적법한 범위 내에서 국가 인증품들의 유통비를 높이기 위한 방안을 탐색하였다.

The dredge gear is dragged along the bottom of the sea to catch targeted edible bottom dwelling species. Species composition and ecological index of the catches of dredge were estimated around Gangneung coastal fishing ground by dredge with different mesh size and tooth space from July to December 2013. Eight different types of dredge including four different tooth space (24.7 mm, 29.9 mm, 34.9 mm, 40.1 mm) and four different mesh size(15.5 mm, 32.7 mm, 51.1 mm, 060.0 mm) were used in the experiment. During the experiment, total catches were collected 31 species as sipunculida 1 species, mollusca 13 species, annelida 3 species, arthropoda 8 species, echinodermata 4 species and others 2 species. The dominant genus were mollusca and echinodermata while the dominant species were Megangulus venulosus, Pseudocardium sachalinensis, Schaphechinus brevis. The richness index was ranged 1.29-1.72, evenness index was 0.6-0.65 and diversity index was 1.65-1.83 according to the tooth space and mesh size of dredge. Richness index, diversity index were high at tooth space 34.9 mm dredge and ecological index showed decreasing tendency with the increasing of mesh size of dredge. Cluster and MDS analysis, based on a Bray-Curtis and similarity matrix of fourth root transformed data of number of species and wet weight, showed division into four different groups as four different tooth space (Group A), four different mesh size Group B (51.1 mm, 60.0 mm), Group C (32.7 mm) and Group D (15.5 mm).

Experiment was set up to analyze bycatch and discards situation including snow crap Chionoecetes opilio of whelk trap. Four types of trap were used: drum type trap with PE net; drum type trap with PBS net; cylinder type trap with PE net; and cylinder type net with PBS net. Three funnels were attached in drum type trap and two funnels were used in cylinder type trap. A fleet of traps was consisted with one hundred traps. 25 traps of each type were set on a line in repeated sequence. Field experiments were conducted with 6 fishing operations in the Uljin waters, East Sea in July 2014. Catch of target whelks were 173,261 g and catch rate was 48.7% of total catch, while bycatch were 182,571 g, 51.3% of tatal catch. The catch rate of bycatch was 2.6% higher than that of target catch. Bycatch weight of snow crap was the highest as 142,987 g and formed about 40.2% of total catch, followed giant octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini, 31,762 g (8.9%). Bycatch rate of cylinder type trap was 2.3 times higher than that of drum type trap. Discard rate (discard/(discard+landing)) was 43.6%. Discard rate was the highest at cylinder type trap with PBS net as 63.1%, followed cylinder type trap with PE net as 47.9%, drum type trap with PE net as 33.4%, the lowest at drum type trap with PBS net as 22.1%.

Fishing efficiency of the squid jigging vessel using the LED and metal halide fishing lamp combination was analyzed to reduce the cost for fishing operation utilizing the fishing light system for high degree of efficiency in the squid jigging fishery (one of the representative coastal and offshore fisheries in Korea). This study aims to improve the nature of existing LED lamps and to develop fan-shaped LED lights having 180W of power and ±45˚ angle of light intensity distribution. The marine experiment for making a comparison of their fishing efficiency was tested by a 9.77 tons fishing vessel from Oct. through Dec. 2012. As a result, experimental fishing vessel showed slightly higher fishing efficiency than the average of metal halide lamp-equipped vessel and 20% energy savings. This means that the combination of LED and metal halide lamps would provide an efficient way to lower energy consumption while maintaining fishing efficiency.