The age and growth of rabbit fish, Siganus fuscescens were investigated from samples monthly collected in the coast of Jeju island, Korea from February to December 2012. Ages were determined from annuli in otoliths, and annuli were formed in one or two months immediately after spawning once a year. Also, main spawning period was estimated between July and August, thus rings were considered as annual marks. The von Bertalanffy growth equations estimated from a non-linear regression method were Lt=37.24 (1－e－0.33(t + 1.24)) (R2=0.92) for female and Lt=31.44(1－e－0.45(t + 1.23)) (R2=0.90) for male, and the growth between female and male was different.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of dietary cottonseed meal (CSM) supplementation on carcass and meat quality characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) bulls. Twenty two months-old-Hanwoo bulls of eight heads (4 heads per treatments) were fed for 5 months on a diet with or without (control) CSM (500 g/head/day). The samples of M. longissimus dorsi from carcasses were used for the quality measurement. Dietary CSM supplementation did not affect the carcass traits of bulls and pH value, drip loss, water-holding capacity and fatty acid composition of beef loin. Crude protein and crude ash content of beef loin were significantly (p<0.05) higher in beef loin from bulls fed CSM than in the control. During storage of 5 days at 4℃, CIE a*, b*, C* and total color values were significantly (p<0.05) higher in beef loin from bulls fed CSM than in the control. Overall, the present results indicate that dietary CSM supplementation may improve the oxidation stability of Hanwoo beef loin.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of muscle part and aging period on free amino acids and aroma compounds of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) cow beef. The M. longissimus (ML) and M. semitendinosus (MS) from 101 mon-old-cows were aged at 2℃ for 14 d. The free amino acids concentration increased in both ML and MS on 14 d of aging. In ML, asparagine, glutamine, histidine, glycine, threonine, arginine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in MS. Varieties of aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, hydrocarbons, nitrogen and sulfur compounds were detected in both ML and MS and majority of these compounds showed increasing trend on aging. The ML had higher 14 aldehydes (acetaldehyde, 2-methylpropanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2- methylbutanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, E-2-heptanal, octanal, 2-octenal, 2-nonenal, E-2-decenal, E,E-2,4-decadienal and 2-undecenal), 5 ketones (2-propanone, 2,3-butanedione, 2-butanone, 2-heptanone and 2,3-octanedione), 4 alcohols (ethanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol and 1-octanol), 3 hydrocarbons (3-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 3- methyldecane and 2,2-dimethyloctane) significantly (p<0.05) compared with MS. However, the MS had higher 5 nitrogen and sulfur compounds (methanethiol, dimethyldisulfide, fufural, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2-octylfuran) significantly (p<0.05) compared with ML.

The study was conducted to investigate the differences in the compounds responsible for volatile flavors in Hanwoo and imported fresh beef from Australia, United States and New Zealand. Different imported beef samples were prepared as Angus beef from Australia, United States and New Zealand and the cross beef from the United States. Significant differences (p<0.05) in hexanal, benzaldehyde, octanal, nonanal, nonenal, decanal, E-2-decenal, hexadecyloxirane, tetradecanal, 2,2-dideutero octadecanal, octadecanal, pentadecane, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 4-methyl-2-propyl-furan, 2-hexylfuran, 2-butylfuran, 2- pentylfuran, 2-heptyl furan were observed between loin and eye of round from Hanwoo and imported beef (p<0.05). In loin muscles, various volatile compounds such as hexanal, heptanal, octanal, E-2-octenal, nonenal, E-2-decenal, E,E,2,4-decadienal, 2-undecenal, heptane, 2-butyl furan were found to be significantly higher in Hanwoo beef as compared to imported beef. However, in the round muscles of Hawnoo eye compounds that were observed to be significantly higher were pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, benzaldehyde, octanal, nonanal, E-2 -decenal, octadecanal, 2-furan methanol and 2-pentyl furan. Further study need to be determined if those volatile compounds can be used as a bio-marker to identify origins of beef.

낙동강 하구 주변 해역에서 1987년 2월부터 1988년 1월까지 1년 동안 매월 소형 기선저인망(otter trawl)을 이용하여 어류의 종조성 및 계절변동을 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 100개 어종에 속하는 23,008마리의 어류가 채집되었다. 가장 많이 채집된 어종은 실양태(Repomucenus valenciennei), 흰베도라치(Pholis fangi), 주둥치(Leiognathus nuchalis), 전갱이(Trachurus japonicus), 밴댕이 (Sardinella zunasi)였는데, 이들 5어종은 총 개체수의 63.0%와 생체량의 47.8%를 차지하였다. 계절별 우점종을 보면, 봄에는 흰베도라치와 실양태, 여름에는 실양태와 참서대(Cynoglossus joyneri), 가을에는 열동가리돔(Apogon lineatus)과 청멸(Thryssa kammalensis), 그리고 겨울에는 설양태, 주둥치, 밴댕이 등이 우점종으로 나타났다.어종수, 채집 개체수 및 종다양도지수는 뚜렷한 계절 변동을 보였다. 또한 어종 수 및 채집 개체수는 정점에 따라 차이를 보였는데, 낙동강 하구쪽으로 갈수록 어종수 및 채집 개체수가 감소하였다. 수온은 어류 종조성의 계절변동에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인이었으며, 염분은 어류의 공간 분포에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of immersion in Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract (RVSE) on the total reducing ability (TRA), protein oxidation and myoglobin oxidation of beef steak (Hanwoo longissimus muscle) stored with high oxygen-modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) (HOMAP, 75% O2+20% CO2+5% N2) and low oxygen-MAP (LOMAP, 0% O2+20% CO2+80% N2) at 4℃ for nine days. RVSE induced TRA (p<0.05), metmyoglobin (MetMb) formation, and the CIE Ho value but reduced the carbonyl content and R630-R580, as an index of the intensity of redness by oxymyoglobin, and the CIE L*, a*, and C* values. HOMAP maintained a lower TRA, MetMb concentration, and CIE H° value but had higher R630-R580 and CIE L*, a*, and C* values compared to LOMAP. Therefore, RVSE induced TRA and protein oxidation stability but reduced myoglobin stability in Hanwoo beef steak. In addition, the effects of HOMAP were opposite those of RVSE.