This study sought to determine the changes in weather conditions in urban streets, along with conditions of traffic and roads in urban areas. The variations in weather conditions depending on traffic differed according to distance. First, the temperature difference measured by traffic results is as follows: T1 point 1.03℃ , T2 point 1.04℃ , T3 point 0.9℃ , T4 point 1.01℃ , and T5 point 0.31℃ . The average difference between the measured temperatures by the point of measurement was 0.86℃ . The changes in wind velocity according to traffic volume results of the measurements is T1 point 1.32 m/s, T2 point 0.80 m/s, T3 point 0.29 m/s, T4 point 0.04 m/s, and T5 point 0.09 m/s. The difference between the average wind speeds was 0.51 m/s and traffic jams caused substantial differences in distance. The relative humidity tended to be inversely proportional to temperature. The measurements results ares T1 point 2.29%, T2 point 2.67%, T3 point 2.47%, T4 point 2.16%, and T5 point 0.91% The difference between the average relative humidity was 7.3%. In case of independent sampling T test according to traffic volume, changes in wind velocity and temperature were directly proportional to the level of statistical significance(p<0.01). On the other hand, relative humidity tended to be inversely proportional; however, there was no statistical significance.

본 연구는 해상교통관제사(이하 ‘VTS 관제사’)의 해상교통관제(Vessel Traffic Service: 이하 ‘VTS’) 수행 속성을 상황인식 (situation awareness: 이하 ‘SA’)과 관련된 세부 과제들의 수행 빈도와 SA 역량에 대한 주관적 평가의 측면에서 살펴보기 위해 실시되었다. SA 세부 과제들에 대한 수행 빈도 자료는 3개 VTS 센터의 VTS 관제사가 보인 VTS 수행을 직접 관찰하여 수집하였고, SA 역량에 대한 주관적 평가 자료는 18개 VTS 센터에서 근무하는 VTS 관제사를 대상으로 설문조사법을 통해 수집하였다. 수행 빈도 자료는 SA의 세 수준 과 각 세부 과제에 따라 비교하였고, 주관적 평가 점수에 대해서는 VTS 관제사의 성별과 근무경력을 추가적으로 고려하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, VTS 관제사는 SA 수준 중 정보지각에 해당하는 과제를 가장 높은 비율로 수행하였고, 이어서 정보통합과 예측에 해당하는 과제들을 각각 유사한 수준으로 수행하는 것이 관찰되었다. 둘째, VTS 관제사는 정보를 획득하거나 통합하는 역량에 비해 미래 상황을 예측하는 역량을 상대적으로 더 낮게 평가하였다. 셋째, 성별 차이를 비교한 결과, 남성 VTS 관제사는 여성에 비해 더 높은 수준으로 자신의 SA 역량을 평가하였다. 넷째, 성별로 근무경력에 따른 주관적 평가 차이를 비교한 결과, 남성의 경우 근무경력이 15 년 이상인 VTS 관제사는 5년 미만의 VTS 관제사에 비해 SA의 모든 수준에 걸쳐 상대적으로 더 높은 주관적 평가를 보였으나, 여성의 경우 는 근무경력에 따른 주관적 평가에서의 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 VTS 관제사의 SA 과제 수행 빈도와 SA에 대한 주관적 평 가가 SA 수준과 개인차 변인에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다.

산업의 발달과 농촌의 도시화로 인하여 각종 농기계가 도입되면서 혼자서도 농사지을 수 있게 되었고, 들녘을 가로지르던 농부들의 노랫 가락은 더 이상 들을 수 없게 되었다. 사람들은 온갖 이야기를 풀어내던 사랑방 대신 마을회관에 모여 대화를 나누기보다는 텔레비전 화면에 시선을 고정시킨다. 화면이 시키는 대로 웃고 울면서 시간을 보내고 있다. 이제 더 이상은 과거와 같은 자연적이고 역동적인 구비문학의 전승현장은 찾아보기 어렵게 된 것이다. 함양군 지곡면 개평마을에 남아있는 구비문학 자료를 찾기 위해서는 현장의 목소리를 직접 채록하여 지역민의 정서 표출 욕구를 풀어내야 하겠지만 이야기판이나 노래판을 벌이기에 여건이 마땅치도 않고 몇몇 사람의 노래나 이야기만으로 마을을 대표한다고 할 수도 없다. 따라서 가장 최근에 조사된 『한국구비문학대계』 개정, 증보판의 내용이 자료로서의 가치가 충분하기에 대계의 자료를 중심으로 개평마을의 설화와 민 요를 살펴보았다. 개평마을의 이야기와 노래가 지니고 있는 최근의 모습은 마을 공동체의 변화와 함께 끊임없이 문화가 창출되고 변용되는 시공 간이 지닌 구비문학의 양상을 살피는 미시적 모델이 될 수도 있다. 마을 주민들은 마을 공동체의 구성원으로서 주민들의 유대와 협력을 중시한다. 여성 제보자들은 허구적이며 상상력에 바탕을 둔 이야기를 즐기며, 남성 제보자는 역사적 사실이나 실제성을 증명할 수 있는 이야기에 공을 들인다. 여성들의 이야기에서도 부모에 대한 효도와 며느리로서 집안을 일으키고 잘 살아야한다는 부담에서 자유로울 수 없었다. 인생을 들여다보고 살피는데 있어서도 여성들의 이야기는 운명적인 데가 많다. 타고난 팔자는 피할 수 없다고 믿으면서도 행운과 불운에 대해 민감하며, 우연과 행운에 기대와 희망을 걸고 살아간다. 구비문학 현장에는 여성제보자들의 이야기와 노래가 많다. 남성들은 이야기판에 관심이 없거나 직접 겪은 일이 아니면 이야기를 하지 않았다. 감정표현에 솔직하고 욕망을 드러내는데 주저하지 않았던 여성제보자들의 이야 기는 인간의 솔직한 감정표현이라고 하겠다. 오랜 세월 여성들은 자연적이고 자발적으로 민요를 가창했을 것이며, 들어주는 사람이 없어도 즐기고 만족하며 노래불렀을 것이다. 자신 들의 힘들고 고된 삶을 이야기로 풀어내기보다는 민요에 얹어서 부르는 것이 더 자연스러운 일인지도 모른다. 타박네가 엄마 찾아 산소 가는 사연을 노래 부르며 어머니로서보다는 딸로서 어머니를 찾고 싶은 욕망을 드러냈으며, 계모가 사위 죽이려는 노래에서는 딸이나 여자로서의 꿈과 행복이 가장 좋은 일조차 방해받을 수도 있다는 한스러움을 노래했던 것이다. 농삿일이 기계화되고 놀이조차 행사나 축제의 하나로 통합되면서 여성들이 모여서 ‘노랫가락’이나 잡가를 부르고 놀게 되었던 일까지 이제는 오래 전의 추억으로 남아있을 뿐이다.

This study evaporative cooling system a heat wave climate change and reduction of the inside and outside thermal environment change research. Measurement items included micro meteorological phenomena and measured comfort indices. A micro meteorograph of temperature, relative humidity, surface temperature, and the comfort indices of WBGT, UTCI, and PMV were measured. The difference in inside and outside temperatures were compared for different land types, with the largest difference found in Type A (4.81℃), followed by Type B (4.40℃ ) and Type C (3.12℃). Relative humidity was about 10.43% higher inside due to water injection by the evaporative cooling system. Surface temperature was inside about 6.60℃ higher than the outside all types. WBGT were Type A (3.50℃) > Type B (2.71℃) > Type C (1.88℃). UTCI was low heat stress inside than outside all types. PMV was analysed Type C for inside predicted percentage of dissatisfied 75%, other types was percentage of dissatisfied 100% by inside and outside. Correlation analysis between land cover type and temperature, surface temperature, pmv, utci. T-test analysed inside and outside temperature difference was significant in all types of land.

A survey was performed to present a scheme for building a healing forest park inside a city in consideration of the fact that healing forests are located in non-urban areas because of their nature, and are therefore not conveniently accessible to urban population (n=196). As a result, among 196 respondents to the survey, 74.5% indicated that it was necessary to build an urban healing forest park. In the case of the expected usage pattern, were an urban forest park to be built, the largest proportion responded that it would be used to “walk”, followed by “rest and meditation” and then “meeting/talk/date”. An analysis showed that the largest proportion responded that they factor in “Accessibility” (48%), followed by “Park condition” (16.8%), and “Vegetation type” (12.2%). According to the analysis of usage preference for healing therapy, it was shown that the largest proportion preferred “Terrain therapy” (37.8%), followed by “Exercise therapy” (19.9%), and “Naturopathy” (18.9%). The factor anlaysis of usage preference regarding urban healing forest park facilities showed that the components were divided into “Operation facilities” and “Natural healing space”, and the largest proportion preferred “Trails for healing”, followed by “Space or forest for meditation” and “Health promotion center”, and then “Facilities for a exercise therapy”. In building an urban healing forest park, we think that it is effective to introduce zones and facilities in consideration of park characteristics that are centered on everyday behaviors, such as taking a walk, which differ from those of healing forests located in non-urban areas.

본 연구에서는 RCP 시나리오별 표준가뭄지수의 특성을 정량적인 측면과 공간적인 측면에서 상호비교 하였다. 이를 위해, 4개의 RCP 시나리오 로부터 산정된 SPI를 기반으로 가뭄 특성을 정량적으로 비교하였고, 가뭄발생 횟수와 지속기간을 공간적으로 분석하였다. 결과적으로, RCP 시나 리오별 SPI의 거동 특성은 매우 상이하고, 모든 상관계수가 0.08보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 가뭄의 정도, 발생횟수, 그리고 지속기간에 대한 상이한 공간분포 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. RCP 시나리오별 상이한 가뭄발생전망 특성의 가장 큰 배경은 다른 온실가스 배출농도 시나리오 기반의 일 강수량을 들 수 있으나, 온실가스 배출농도 규모에 따른 영향은 명확하지 않았다. 아울러, 본 연구 결과를 통해 단일 RCP 시나리오 자료만 이용 한 가뭄발생 전망에는 상당한 불확실성이 따를 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, the heat insulating performance increase the indoor temperature of the building is applied to the concrete was compared with plain concrete. As a result, the indoor surface at the outside temperature of 4.69∼7.32 ℃ temperature conditions showed a difference of up to 1.10 ℃, the lowest 0.54 ℃, indoor temperature is up to 0.95 ℃, 0.63 ℃ lower results showed a minimum.

Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries has developed the port facility management system(POMS) that can be run systematically manage safety inspection and maintenance results about the mooring facilities, counter facilities and pier pavement in a national 60 port. This paper contains a description of the POMS.

This study reduced and built Street Canyons created by skyscrapers in order to verify effect of Street Canyons by green wall within the city centre and analysed influence factors on temperature reduction according to applicative types of green wall in the lab. Applicative types were divided into three types such as non- greening type(Case A), one-side greening type(Case B), both side greening type(Case C). The result of analysis of each types showed that average temperature of Case B and Case C is respectively 1.0℃ and 1.7℃ lower than Case A. The result of analysis of WBGT was that the highest temperature was given by Case A(40.2℃) and second one was from Case B(39.8℃) and third one was from (39.1℃) and in UTCI Case A records the highest temperature of 34.7℃ and Case B provided the second highest temperature of 33.9℃ and Case B gave the lowest temperature of 32.7℃. In PMV the highest temperature of 2.65 was from Case B and second one of 2.61 was from Case A and third one of 2.54 was from Case C. Duncan analysis of each types based on solar radiation and thermal comfort generated that there was analytical significance between Case A and Case B and Case B in terms of each types of average temperature reduction. The significance of thermal comfort in WBGT, MRT, PMV showed non-significance but, In UTCI it was analysed that there was significance between Case C and Case A.

This study tried to compare and analyze the thermal comfort index according to GVZ of school green space. For the analysis, this study performed a correlation analysis with weather elements by measuring and calculating UTCI, PMV, and WBGT according to GVZ. GVZ was in the order of Type 3 (5.68 m3/m2) > Type 2 (4.71 m3/m2) > Type 1 (3.37 m3/m2). The average temperature and solar radiation, surface temperature, globe temperature among weather characteristics was in the order of Type 1> Type 2 > Type 3. The UTCI in the school green space was in the order of Type 1 (33.95°C) > Type 2 (33.68°C) > Type 3 (32.73°C). At Type 3 that the GVZ is higher than other Types, it is belongs to range of 26~33°C which gets normal heat stress, and other Types belong to range of 33~38°C which gets strong heat stress. The PMV was in the order of Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3, and the estimated rate of unsatisfaction was appeared as 100%, so it is uncomfortable even in the school green space that it requires measure on heat wave. The WBGT was in the order of Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3. The result of the correlation analysis according to the heat comfort index shows that, the higher the green ratio and GVZ are, the UTCI has negative relationship, and PMV and WBGT were analyzed as have no relationship according to green characteristics, but this result was considered as measured at green space when the temperature was at its highest so the uncomfortable feeling was also highest. The result of correlation analysis of green characteristics and the weather elements shows that GVZ and insolation, temperature has negative relationship, so it is considered that the higher the GVZ is, the solar radiation and the temperature are decreased.

In this study, the heat insulating performance increase the indoor temperature of the building is applied to the concrete was compared with plain concrete. As a result, the indoor surface at the outside temperature of 10.4 ~ 22.4 ℃ temperature conditions showed a difference of up to 0.6 ℃, the lowest 0.6 ℃, indoor temperature is up to 0.2 ℃, 0.2 ℃ lower results showed a minimum.

고추의 적색소는 고추의 상품성을 가늠하는 중요한 척도이면서 식재료 뿐 아니라 상업적으로도 다양하게 활용되고 있다. 본 연구는 적색소 성분의 함량과 관계하는 QTL 마커를 개발하기 위하여 적색소 성분 분석을 위한 mapping 집단을 육성하였고, 적색소 성분에 대한 QTL mapping을 수행하였다. 적색소 분석을 위한 mapping 집단인 ‘만다린’과 ‘블랙클러스터’를 양친으로 하는 F7 RIL 집단에서의 색도(ASTA value) 분포는 1.64에서 117.26의 범주에 있으며 그 분포 양상은 정규분포를 보여 QTL분석에 적합한 것으로 확인되었다.Mapping 집단의 양친들에 대해서 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing을 이용한 NGS를 수행하였고, 그 결과 ‘만다린’과 ‘블랙클러스터’각각 120.44Mb와 142.54Mb의 염기서열 데이터를 확보할 수 있었으며, ‘만다린’에서 1,025개, ‘블랙클러스터’에서 1,059개의 SNP들을 확보하게 되었다. 이 SNP들을 HRM 분석에 용이하도록 프라이머를 제작하여 유전자 지도 작성을 수행한 결과 총 246개의 SNP 마커를 이용하여 약 512cM을 설명할 수 있는 21개 연관군의 유전자 지도가 작성되었다. 분석 집단 93계통들에서 측정된 ASTA 값을 이용하여 수행한 QTL 분석 결과 총 6개의 QTL 을 확인하였다. 이들 QTL과 근접한 마커들은 향후 고추의 적색소 함량 연구에 매우 유용한 정보로 활용될 것이며, 아직까지 개발된 바 없는 적색소 함량 연관 마커 개발에 가능성을 열어줄 것으로 기대한다.

After analyzing the actual acquisition status of carbon labeling by year and by product for the past four years, as well as its certification in the construction-related sectors of greenhouse gas emission, this study attempted to present the problems and coping strategies upon issuing the carbon labeling certification in the landscape architecture. During the period of this analysis, the carbon labelings were acquired by 134 enterprises, 267 workplaces, and 735 products, while the percentage of acquisition was highest in the regular non-durable goods(49%), followed by energy-consuming durable goods(26%), regular production goods (19%), regular durable goods(3%), and service(3%). Furthermore, the acquisition certifications in construction sectors, were highest in the various pipes/panel(8 cases), followed by concrete(6 cases), gypsum board(4 cases), and landscape architecture materials(2 cases). The landscape architecture only had two cases in the acquisition certification for the first time in 2012, which accounted for 0.27% of the entire certification products, due to the uncertainty in the process, the lack of professionalism, and the lack of comprehension. However, the study conducted on the coping strategies for carbon labeling in the landscape architecture revealed the following: (1) regular reporting system management through the division of labor in the head office and factories, (2) the building of objective DB through the adoption of data management programs such as SAP, (3) continuous promotion and vitalization of the incentive system, (4) the adoption of mandatory or preferential application system in landscaping projects, management, and bidding, (5) enhancement of elasticity in deliberation of certification by recruiting experts in the landscape architecture sectors, and (6) provision of incentives for the cooperative firms acquiring the certification and support for their participation.

In this study, to targeting Songpa of Seoul, were analyzed the effect on the noise mitigation in roadside buffer green spaces. Noise of Songpa Street buffer green space was determined to be higher during the day than at night. In addition, it was most of 60 db or more. However, the noise reduction function of the buffer green was not greatly affected by time. In the case of noise reduction rate, during the day time it was the order of the mounding type (18.14%)> plain type (5.73%)> slope type (4.08%), And, in the case of night time, it was the order of the mounding type (11.29%)> slope type (10.22%)> plain type (4.42%). Noise reduction rate, all of the daytime, was the highest in the mounding type. As a result of the factors on the amount of reduction of noise, More physical structure is mounding type, green structure is the stratification of green space, and the number of individuals is large, the higher the tree planting density, it is determined that the noise reduction effect is high. Also, factors affecting the noise reduction effect of the day and night were different.

본 연구에서는 압축강도 24MPa 이상 열전도율이 기존 콘크리트보다 2배 감소된 구조용 단열성능 향상 콘크리트를 개발하고 현장적용 하기 위한 실험을 진행하였다. 슬럼프 및 공기량 시험결과 Plain과 규조토 미분말을 사용한 배합은 경과시간에 따라 슬럼프와 공기량 저하 가 나타났으며, 마이크로기포제를 사용한 배합은 슬럼프와 공기량 저하가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 단열성능 향상 재료를 사용한 배합의 단위 용적질량은 Plain 대비 감소하였다. 압축강도는 단열성능 향상 콘크리트가 Plain보다 감소한 결과를 나타내었으나 목표강도 24MPa를 만족 하였으며, 열전도율은 Plain보다 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 단열성능 향상 콘크리트의 동결융해 저항성은 Plain과 유사하였고, 중성화 저항 성은 규조토 미분말을 사용한 배합이 재령 4주에 Plain과 유사했으며, 마이크로기포제를 사용한 배합은 Plain보다 중성화 저항성이 저하되 었고, 길이변화율은 Plain보다 전체적으로 증가되었다.

In this study, improving insulation of concrete, we developed insulated concrete and applied it in the field to reduce amount of energy. As a result, we could get the physical and performance similar to normal concrete's performance and the amount of energy is expected to decrease for improving insulation performance.

Recently climate change have increased consumption of building heating and cooling energy. Furthermore, the study on energy reduction is important. Especially the outer covering of the building has been made of concrete more than 70%. The study is to evaluate durability of concrete using insulation performance improvement materials.

Based on the study of current status for domestic port facility management system, it was used to collect information for building the ocean & port facility integrated management system.

This study, the urban energy used office building green roof type composition of the target by analyze building energy reductions. Green roof is total 6 types(type A~F) were selected, EnergyPlus the energy simulation programs were used. Top floor of green roof types evaluation, the reduction of the cooling peak load type E(1.26%), type D(1.30%), type C(1.37%), type B(1.45%), type F(1.49%), and heating peak load is type D(1.32%), type E(1.40%), type C(1.47%), type F(1.69%), type B(2.13%) order. Annual cooling load of heating load is reduced more than about 1% effect. The heating load reduction ratio for a maximum of 9% respectively. Cooling peak load of the building energy performance evaluation of type F ＞type B ＞type C ＞type D ＞type E in the order and in the case of peak loads heating type B ＞type F ＞type D ＞type E ＞type C order. Annual total energy use reduction of 1.07 to 1.22% and earn, type B in the best good. In primary energy use reductions in the presence of a green roof were in the 4249~4876 kWh/yr. Annual CO2 emissions reductions of unapplied type A were analyzed on average 469.78 kg.

  This study suggests plan of green space management based on the result of research apprehending the characteristic through sorting types of city thermal environment targeting summer which thermal pollution is the most serious. Considering anthropogenic heat, development level of wind road, thermal environment, as a result of types of thermal environment process, it is appeared 36 types, and 10 types is relevant of this research subject. Type Ⅰ-1, size of building is large, artificial covering area is wide, and thermal load of anthropogenic heat is high, typeⅡ-1, development condition of wind road is incomplete as Ⅱlevel, entering cold air is difficult and thermal management and improvement is needed area. Type Ⅲ-1, scale is large and it is area of origin of cold air, development level of wind road is mostly favorable, type Ⅲ-2 is revealed as smaller scale than Ⅲ-1, and small area of origin of cold air. Type Ⅳ, anthropogenic heat is 81～150 W/㎡, average, but development function of wind road is very favorable. Type Ⅴ, large area of thermal load and the origin of cold air are distributed as similar ratio, and level of development function of wind road is revealed as Ⅱ level. According to standard of type classification of thermal environment, as a result of suggesting plan of green space management and biotops area ratio, type Ⅰ-1 is buffer green space and waterway creation, goal biotops area ratio 35%, type Ⅱ-1 afforestation in site and goal biotops area ratio 40%, type Ⅲ-1, preservation plan to display the current function continuously is requested. Type Ⅳ suggests afforestation of stream current, and typeⅤ suggests quantitative increase of green space and goal biotops area ratio 45%.