Copper alloy metal fiber was incorporated into the conventional water-soluble metal working fluids to increase the antimicrobial activity. Fluid treated by copper alloy metal fiber is shown that bacteria is disappeared whereas that untreated metal fiber is increased bacteria as increasing the life time. When the electrochemical potential of Cu/Zn ion is -268mV, radicals with molecular oxygen are easily made. Especially, hydroperoxide radical shows strong toxicity to the strains, leading to the conformational change of plasma membrane. As a result antimicrobial activity of copper alloy metal fiber in metal working fluid is superior to that of copper fiber.

This study is focused on the antimicrobial activity of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa by the reduction and oxidation reaction of copper and zinc alloy metal fiber filter. Cu/Zn ion is easily makes radicals with molecular hydroperoxide. Especially, hydroperoxide radical shows strong toxicity to the strains. Plasma membrane causes conformational change when hydroperoxide radical binds to plasma membrane. Elution of copper ion from copper and zinc alloy metal fiber is detected in the cyanobacteria solution as 0.5 ppm, and that of zinc ion is 0 ppm respectively. Zinc ion is figured to form a hydroxide in the cyanobacteria solution and precipitated to form a sludge. The concentration of chlorophyll-a in the cyanobacteria solution was proved to be the index of antimicrobial level of Microcystis aeruginosa.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a group self exercise program in improving the quality of life regarding depression and the activities of daily living (ADL) of chronic stroke survivors, as well as the motor functions such as the 3 meter round walk, upper extremity function, and static balance. The subjects were 12 post-stroke ambulatory community center participants. All subjects participated in one 90 minute session per week for 7 weeks and received a home exercise program in every session. They had to record and submit an exercise check list. Quality of life was measured with the Beck depression inventory and the 8-Item Short-Form (SF-8). Motor functions were measured with the manual function test (MF'T), the kinesthetic ability trainer (KAT 3000), and the modified Barthel index. The level of depression decreased somewhat, but there were no significant differences after intervention. However, quality of life related health (SF-8) improved significant1y. There were significant improvements in the time for the 3 meter round walk, the functions of the affected upper extremities, and static balance and ADL (p<.05). The findings of this study suggest that a group self exercise program can improve quality of life related health and motor functions in stroke survivors.

We investigated heat stability of epoxy resin products and epoxy resin according to the influence hardener. The heat flow which shows the degree of thermal decomposition of the epoxy resin product and epoxy resin measured by using the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). As a result, we found that in the case of heat stability for epoxy resin as hardener was added, the ratio of one to one (epoxy resin : hardener) was the most suitable in air condition and nitrogen atmosphere.

This study is focused on the possibility of copper alloy metal fiber for an antimicrobial activity in the water soluble metal working fluids. Electrochemical potential of Cu/Zn ion is -268mV, and easily makes radicals with molecular oxygen. Especially, hydroperoxide radical shows strong toxicity to the strains. Plasma membrane causes conformational change when hydroperoxide radical binds to plasma membrane. Elution of copper ion from copper alloy metal fiber is detected in metal working fluid. As a result antimicrobial activity of copper alloy metal fiber in metal working fluid is superior to that of copper fiber.

This paper describes the experiments for investigating the effects of thermal stability of several commercial carpet mate materials. The melting point and thermal decomposition temperature was measured by means of a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) in air condition. The DSC data and burning test results of nylon bulked continuous filament(N-BCF) yarn 100%, nylon(NY), polypropylene(PP), and a new material named polytrimethyleneterephthalate(PTT) were analysed to obtain the effect on their thermal stability. Conclusively, we observed that PTT and PP were approximately 380℃ and 240℃ to start the thermal decomposition, respectively. In other words, PTT is thermally the most stable material for carpet manufacturing.

To provide an aqueous rust inhibitor for metalworking lubricant having low toxicity and excellent rust resistance, we synthesized diester of malonic acid by three consecutive esterifications with over 98% of conversion. This substituted malonic diester could be used as an additive to mineral oil based metalworking lubricant. These metalworking lubricant compositions were showed excellent rust resistance and suitable for various metals and different metalworking processes including hot rolling and cold rolling of aluminum and aluminum alloys.

We investigated the electrochemical properties for Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films mixed with fatty acid (8A5H) and phospholipid (DLPE, DMPC, and DPPA). LB films of 8A5H monolayer and 8A5H-phospholipid mixture were deposited using the Langmuir-Blodgett method on the indium tin oxide(ITO) glass. The electrochemical properties measured using cyclic voltammetry with three-electrode system, an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a platinum wire counter electrode and LB film-coated ITO working electrode at various concentrations(0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol/L) of NaClO4 solution. A measuring range was reduced from initial potential to -1350 mV, continuously oxidized to 1650 mV and measured to the initial point. The scan rate was 50, 100, 150 and 200 mV/s, respectively. As a result, LB films of fatty acid and phospholipid (8A5H/DLPE and DPPA) appeared irreversible process were caused by only the reduction current from the cyclic voltammogram and LB film of 8A5H-DMPC mixture was found to be caused by a reversible oxidation-reduction process.

In this study, we prepared porous cation exchange membrane using polystyrene such as, EPS (expanded polystyrene), SAN (styrene acrylonitrile copolymer) and HIPS (high impactive polystyrene). These polystyrenes were sulfonated by acetyl sulfate to make porous cation exchange membrane such as, SEPS, SSAN, SHIPS. SEM was employed to confirm porous structure of membrane, and IR spectroscopy was used to confirm sulfonation rate of ion exchange membrane. Water and methanol content were also increased with amount of sulfuric acid in reactants. SSAN-20 showed the highest value in water and methanol content. Fixed ion concentration and conductivity was also increased with an amount of sulfuric acid in reactants. Methanol permeability for SEPS-20, SSAN-20, SHIPS-20 was found to be 1.326 × 10-5 cm2/s, 1.527 × 10-5 cm2/s and 1.096 × 10-5 cm2/s respectively. From the result of electrodialysis experiment in 0.03 M Pb(NO3)2 aqueous solution, anion exclusion and cation selection effects were confirmed.

We investigated the electrochemical properties for Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films mixed with 4-octyl-4'-(5-carboxylpentamethyleneoxy)azobenzene (denoted as 8A5H) and phospholipid(L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, denoted as DMPC). LB films of 8A5H monolayer and 8A5H-DMPC were deposited by using the Langmuir-Blodgett method on the indium tin oxide(ITO) glass. The electrochemical properties measured by using cyclic voltammetry with a threeelectrode system, an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a platinum wire counter electrode and LB film-coated ITO working electrode at various concentrations(0.1, 0.5, and 1.0mol/L) of NaClO4 solution. A measuring range was reduced from initial potential to -1350mV, continuously oxidized to 1650mV and measured to the initial point. The scan rates were 50, 100, 150 and 200mV/s, respectively. As a result, LB films of 8A5H monolayer appeared irreversible process caused by only the oxidation current from the cyclic voltammogram and LB films of 8A5H-DMPC mixture were found to be caused by a reversible oxidation-reduction process.

탄성 및 비탄성좌굴 고유치해석법을 이용하여 강절프레임의 보-기둥부재의 유효좌굴길이를 산정하는 개선된 방법을 제시한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 설계기준에 제시된 압축재의 내하력 곡선식으로부터 접선계수이론(tangent modulus theory)에 근거하여 세장비-접선계수(tangent modulus), 응력-변형률 곡선식을 유도한다. 이때 안정함수를 이용하여 보-기둥요소의 접선강성행렬을 얻고, 비탄성 좌굴 고유치해석법을 제시하며 이를 이용하여 유효좌굴길이를 산정하는 방법을 제시한다. 해석예제를 통하여 강절프레임에 탄성 및 비탄성좌굴해석법에 의한 유효좌굴길이 비교결과를 제시하고, 매개변수 연구 결과를 제시한다.

탄성좌굴 고유치해석을 이용한 유효좌굴길이 산정법과 2차 탄성해석기법을 이용하여 축력과 휨모멘트를 받는 강절프레임의 보-기둥부재에 대하여 개선된 좌굴설계법을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 안정함수를 이용하여 보-기둥요소의 접선강성행렬을 유도하고, 탄성좌굴 고유치해석을 이용한 유효좌굴길이 산정법을 고찰한다. 또한 강절프레임에 대하여 소위 P-Delta 효과를 고려하는 2차 해석법을 제시한다. 해석예제를 통하여 먼저 2차 탄성해석과 기하학적 비선형해석에 의한 결과를 비교하여 2차 해석의 정확성을 검증하고, 강절프레임에 대한 기존의 설계법과 본 연구의 개선된 좌굴설계법에 대한 수치결과를 비교, 검토를 행한다.

As measures against the environmental pollution, maximum efforts to improve of the environmental pollution have also been made; removal of the contaminated sediments of the bay and the coastal area, monitoring of several heavy metal levels in fishes, shell fishes, sea water and sediment, and so on. The objective of this research is to investigate how much metals are included in the sea water, sediment, fishes and shell fishes in kyeongnam coastal area. Specifically, we are investigating the relationships between the metal included in fishes and sea water, and shell fishes and sediment. and heavy metals and heavy metals respectively. Heavy metals over the studied component and area, the average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg in sea water were 0.0029 mg/L, 0.0005 mg/L, 0.0016 mg/L and ND, those of sediment were 11.9583 mg/kg, 0.2136 mg/kg, 1.9158 mg/kg and Hg 0.0108 mg/kg, those of fishes were 0.4358 mg/kg, 0.0726 mg/kg, 1.1188 mg/kg and Hg 0.0622 mg/kg, and those of shellfishes were Pb 0.6738 mg/kg, Cd 0.2223 mg/kg, Cr 0.5516 mg/kg and Hg 0.0117 mg/kg respectively. In the relationship test, Cd was significant in the relationship between fishes and sea water, and Hg was significant in the relationship between sediment and shellfishes.

This study analyzes the factors involving clinical practice which have an influence on the satisfaction of students majoring in physical therapy at colleges or universities located in the Pusan and Kyungnam area. We investigated using a self-reporting method 305 students receiving a grade point average between 2.0 and 4.0 and who had finished their clinical practice. We also investigated the characteristics of clinical settings which make up the clinical practice, the general characteristics of the students involved and the characteristics of a clinical teaching method performed by physical therapists versus a teaching method by a professor of a university. The number of students divided according to educational background are as follows: 149 people (48.9% of the total group) were 4 year students, 156 people were 3 year students (51.1% of the total group). Sixty-nine students' or 22.6% of the group were men while women consisted of 236 persons or 77.4% of the group. Four year students had a longer clinical practice period than that of the 3 year students (p<.05). An average satisfaction score of students with their clinical practice was 3.84. The satisfaction scores showed no significant difference between genders, educational backgrounds, and grades. (p>.05). There were no significant differences in the satisfaction score of students with their clinical practice was 3.84. The satisfaction scores showed no significant difference between genders, educational backgrounds, and grades. (p>.05). There were no significant differences in the satisfaction scores regarding the student management system among varying gender or educational backgrounds between the 3 year and 4 year programs. The average satisfaction score with the environment of the physical therapy room was 3.35. And there were no significant differences in the physical therapy room satisfaction score based on sex or educational system (p>.05). The most influential factor of determining clinical practice satisfaction was a student management system of the clinical practice (p<.01). The next most influential factors were the clinical practice period (p<.05), size of facilities (p<.01) and relationship with physical therapists (p<.01) (=.554).

In children with cerebral palsy, bone density is decreased by disturbance of bone remodelling due to lack of normal weight bearing and muscle contraction through physical activity. Loss of bone density cause fracture, delays treatment with immobilization, and leads to functional limitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate bone mineral density of lumbar spine in children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia. Six spastic quadriplegia and 14 spastic diplegia were evaluated in this study. QDR 4500 X-ray densitometer was used to measure bone density at lumbar spine (L1~L4). Children with cerebral palsy showed lower bone density than that of normal children. Bone density in children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia was , , respectively. However, there was no significant differences in bone density between children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia. There was no significant difference in bone density relation to motor development level, height, and weight. Further study is needed to find the appropriate interventions for preventing loss of bone density in children with cerebral palsy.

Parents of handicapped children are experiencing difficulties in their children's care, social isolation, change of life style and lirnited leisure time. Because the parents should take care of the children's daily life, they have lots of psychological and physical stress. Chronic stress of parents puts stress to the other family members and affects the development of children with handicap. The purpose of this study were to identify the level of stress in each of parents of children with motor problem, the characteristics of the children and general information related with the children, and to analyse the stress by reasons. Specially organized questionnaire were used for an investigation method. "Test of stress in mother who has children with chronic illness" by Kim Hee-soon were modified and used. The questionnaire answered by 43 mothers and 35 fathers were analyzed. Data analysis includes frequency analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, paired-samples t-test and MANOV A by SPSSWIN. The results were as follows: 1) Degree of handicap was most moderate (46.5%), level of motor development was most pull to walk (34.9%), and combined handicap was 69.8%. 2) Sexual distribution represented that 51.2% male and 48.8% female. The cost of physical therapy was 69.8% in no more than 100,000 won. 3) The mean of age, for the mother was 32.8 years and 35.3 years. Level of motor development that mother and father expect was 88.4%, 83% walk alone. 4) Both mother and father experienced stress in other of Part II (changes in father was the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking care of child), Part III (prognosis of the child's condition), Part I (social-personal relationships and the responsibility of the care givers). In the total score of stress, mother's stress is indicated higher level than father's stress. 5) There was no correlationship between characteristics and stress of mother and father. 6) There was no statistically significant difference between characteristics and related general information of children with handicap and stress of mother and father. As a results, the mother of children with handicap are experiencing more stress than the father. Both of parents have the most difficulties in the changes in the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking care of child. This study can be used as resources of education, therapy and counselling for children with handicap and their parents. This study, also, can be used to encourage the quality of Iife for the children with handicapped and their family.ㅂ

The decrease of muscle power and muscle size between twenties and seventies was about 30% and 40% respectively. The loss of muscle mass by aging resulted in the decrease of muscle power. The loss of muscle mass was due to the decrease of number of Type I fiber and Type II fiber and size of each muscle fiber. The aging skeletal muscle didn't show the loss of glycolysis capacity but showed 20% decrease of the oxidative enzymes and muscle vascularization. The vigorous endurance exercise training with graded intensity played a role in the vascular proliferation, increase of activity of oxidative enzymes and improvement of max. The graded resistance exercise also played a role in the muscle hypertrophy and increase of muscle power, if it performed with adequate intensity and period. The exercise adaptation of aging skeletal muscle prevented it from sarcopenia, provided the activity of daily living with great effect and provided the aging related disease, that is Type II diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, osteoporosis and obesity, with great effect.