부산 금정산 범어사계곡의 낙엽활엽수가 우점하는 군락의 식생구조를 분석하기 위해 단위면적 100m2의 조사구 28개를 설정하고 조사를 실시하였다. Classification기법중의 하나인 TWINSPAN을 이용하여 군락을 분류한 결과, 개서어나무-낙엽활엽수군락(군락 I), 졸참나무-개서어나무군락(군락 II), 개서어나무-졸참나무-소나무군락(군락 III), 개서어나무-졸참나무-신갈나무군락(군락 IV), 졸참나무-낙엽활엽수군락(군락 V), 편백-개서어나무군락(군락 VI)의 6개 군락으로 최종 분리되었다. 군락별 종다양도는 0.3832~1.0450의 범위이었으며 인공식재한 편백나무가 우점하는 군락 VI의 종다양도가 가장 낮았고 개서어나무와 기타 낙엽활엽수가 우점하는 군락 I과 군락 V의 종다양도가 가장 높았다. 단위면적당(100m2) 종수는 6.8±3.2종이었다. 금정산 범어사계곡의 개서어나무군락은 기후극상림으로써 보전가치 높으므로 지속적인 보전관리대책이 요구된다.

This study is conducted to screen compounds affecting ruminal fermentation under in vitro incubation. Saponin, chitosan, metformin, zinc acetate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, ascorbic acid, oil-coated ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, eastern herb cocktail, charcoal extract and garlic sources (lyophilized and extract) were added to rumen culture fluid at 1.25% of substrate (100% timothy) volume at 24 h incubation. pH, total gas, ammonia, VFAs were measured. Ascorbic acid increased total gas production indicating fermentation level. All zinc compounds significantly decreased (p<0.05) although zinc sulfate increased propionate of volatile fatty acid (p<0.05). In following experiment, ascorbic acid, oil-coated ascorbic acid, garlic lyophilized, herb cocktail and zinc sulfate were added to rumen culture fluid at 2.5% of substrate with 3, 6, 12 and 24 h incubation. Zinc sulfate decreased both ruminal fermentation and VFAs production but ascorbic acid enhanced total gas production. Ascorbic acid increased fermentation regardless of supplement concentration although excessive zinc sulfate decreased fermentation. These results suggest that optimal level of trace compounds might affect ruminal fermentation in ruminant.

본 연구는 국내에서 생산된 주요 동계 사료 작물인 청보리 및 호밀 사일리지를 이용하여 거세 한우의 비육 중기용으로 조제된 TMR의 소 체내 이용성을 배합사료 및 볏짚으로 구성된 관행 사료와 비교하고자 반추위 누관이 장착된 소 3두를 이용하여 3 3 Latin square design 방법으로 실시되었다. 관행사료 급여구(대조구)에는 1일 두당 7kg (비육 중기용 배합 사료 5.6kg 및 볏짚 1.4kg, 건물 기준)을, 그리고 청보리 사일리지 TMR구

본 연구는 반추위 및 십이지장 cannula를 동시장착한 거세한우 3두 (평균체중 )를 공시하여 in situ 기법으로 수확시기별 총체 벼 사일리지의 한우 생체 영양소 분해율 및 TDN을 분석하고자 실시하였다. 총체벼 사일리지의 조단백질 함량 (평균 4.81%)은 황숙기를 제외하고는 수확시기가 늦어질수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 총체벼 사일리지 건물의 반추 위 시간대별 분해율은 유숙기에서 배양 후 12시간 이후부터 다른 수확시기에 비해서 다소 낮은 경향

Substantial efforts have been made to manipulate ruminal environment in a hope to enhance ruminal fermentation efficiency for better ruminant productivity. Some of examples are methane inhibitors, antibiotics, microbial enzymes, fatty acids and/or lipid feeding, buffering agents, ionophores and probiotics. Of these efforts, the non-ionic surfactant (NIS) has been known for its stimulation to release enzymes from a range of anaerobic microbes. A series of studies were conducted 1) to evaluate NIS diluted with water and ethanol on in vitro ruminal fermentation and 2) to determine the influence of diluted NIS on digestibility of feedstuffs. In first experiment (Exp. 1), NIS was diluted with water or ethanol to measure its effects on in vitro microbial growth, ruminal enzyme activities and gas production by mixed ruminal microbial culture. The NIS was diluted with water or ethanol separately in a 1:5 ratio (w/v). Water and ethanol-diluted NIS with wheat flour were added with rice straw-based mixed ruminal microbial cultures at the rate of 2 ㎎ NIS/16 ㎖ McDougall buffer plus 4 ml ruminal fluid solution. The mixed ruminal microbial culture was run without any NIS addition as control. Addition of NIS either diluted with water or ethanol has significantly reduced the gas production in mixed ruminal microbial culture at 12 and 24 h of incubation. At 48 h post incubation, gas production was the highest with the addition of ethanol diluted NIS followed by water-diluted NIS and control. Carboxy methyl cellulase activity in rice straw-based mixed ruminal bacterial culture was significantly higher with the addition of ethanol-diluted NIS compared with the addition of water-diluted NIS and control at 24 and 72 h post incubation. In second in vitro experiment (Exp. 2), effects of addition of ethanol diluted NIS on dry matter (DM) digestibility of alfalfa hay, gas production, pH and cellular growth in mixed ruminal microbial culture were examined. Alfalfa hay based mixed ruminal microbial culture without any NIS addition was run as a control. The pH of mixed ruminal microbial culture was significantly lower than control at all post incubation sampling hours. In vitro DM digestibility of alfalfa hay was significantly higher with the addition of NIS compared with control. Gas production was significantly less with NIS addition compared with control at all post incubation sampling hours. Microbial growth in mixed ruminal microbial culture was significantly increased with the addition of NIS compared to control.