본 연구에서는 수입에 의존하고 있는 고산도 식초 생산 기술을 대체하고자 포도과즙을 이용하여 적정산도 10% 이상의 식초 제조조건 및 품질특성을 조사하였다. 초기 알 코올 함량에 따른 고산도 초산발효에서는 초기 알코올 함량 6%에서 적정산도 12%의 고산도 식초 제조가 가능하였으 며 초기 알코올 함량이 높을수록 유도기가 길어져 초산수율 이 감소하였다. pH는 구간에 따른 큰 차이가 없었고, 당도는 1단계 초산발효(1st AAF)까지 초기 알코올 함량에 비례하 여 높게 나타났으나 2단계 초산발효(2nd AAF)기간 동안에 는 초기 알코올 6% 첨가구에서 증가율이 가장 높았다. 고산 도 포도식초의 주요 유기산은 tartaric, malic 및 citric acid가 검출되었으며, 유가식 첨가량 및 초산 발효수율 차이로 인 하여 초기 알코올 함량이 낮을수록 높게 검출되었다. 미량 알코올 중 ethyl alcohol을 제외한 성분은 극소량으로 검출 되어 초기 알코올 함량에 따른 큰 차이가 없었고, ethyl alcohol은 364∼581 ppm으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과, 포도알코올 발효액(초기 알코올 함량 6%)를 이용하여 일체의 영양원을 첨가하지 않고 총산도 12%의 고산도 식초 제조가 가능하였다. 그러나 산업적으로 활용하기 위해서는 초산수 율 향상 및 유가식 첨가에 의한 발효기간 단축에 관한 보완 연구가 요구되었다.

Refeeding syndrome is defined as a potentially fatal shift in fluids and electrolytes, which may occur in malnourished patients receiving rehabilitative refeeding. A young man presented with muscle weakness and leg pain. He had adhered to a strict low-carbohydrate, low-calorie diet for five months in preparation for a bodybuilding competition. He ate a large amount of carbohydrate rich foods and consumed water immediately after the competition. Laboratory findings showed hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and elevated levels of serum creatine phosphokinase. This case of rhabdomyolysis was caused by refeeding syndrome in a young man who had followed a strictly controlled diet.

Undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of the thyroid gland is very rare. A 70-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a rapidly growing mass in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. At the first visit, she had no symp-toms. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed an atypia of undetermined significance. She revisited our hospital after 17 days. At that time the mass had become more enlarged and she complained of dyspnea. The next day, surgery was performed and the diagnosis was undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of the thyroid. The patient died 119 days after sur-gery.

본 연구에서는 무증자 쌀막걸리 제조과정 중 참외 농축액 함량에 따른 이화학적 품질특성 조사하였다. 그 결과 당도는 참외 농축액 첨가량이 많을수록 증가하였으며 발효가 진행됨에 따라 모든 첨가구간에서 조금씩 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 총산도는 발효 1일째 조금 증가했으며 발효 2일째부터는 0.77~0.85%로 참외 농축액 첨가량에 따른 큰 차이는 없었다. pH는 참외 농축액 첨가량이 많을수록 약간 높은 경향을 보였으며 1일째에 감소한 뒤 농축액 함량에 따른 큰 차이는 없었다. 환원당은 1일째 급격히 감소한 뒤 2일째에는 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 알코올 함량은 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가하여 발효 4일째에 참외 농축액 9%(v/w)첨가 쌀막걸리가 11.50%로 가장 높게 나타나 참외 농축액 첨가량이 많을수록 높은 함량을 보였다. 알코올 성분 중 acetaldehyde는 참외 농축액 첨가량이 많을수록 낮은 함량을 보였으며 methanol은 참외 농축액 6%(v/w)첨가 쌀막걸리에서 199.08 ppm로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 관능적 특성은 참외 농축액을 6%(v/w)첨가한 쌀막걸리가 color, odor, taste 및 overall 면에서 각각 3.60, 3.60, 2.80 및 3.60으로 가장 높았으나 전반적 기호도가 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과 참외 농축액을 첨가한 막걸리의 제조는 가능하였으나 기호도 향상을 위한 감미료 등의 사용에 관한 연구가 요망되었다.

경북 성주지역에서는 참외의 재배과정 중 연간 수백 톤의 저급과가 발생하여 이에 대한 활용방안이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 고품질 참외 농축액 제조를 위하여 효소처리에 따른 참외 주스의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 참외 주스에 3종의 효소제를 여러 첨가수준으로 처리한 결과 pectinase와 cellulase를 혼합한 복합효소제를 0.01% (v/v) 처리한 PECE(Ⅰ)에서 갈색도 및 탁도가 각각 0.16 및 0.01로 낮았고 L값은 97.00으로 높은 편이었다. 유리당으로 fructose, glucose, sucrose가 검출되었으며 sucrose가 약 4,000 mg%로 주요 유리당으로 나타났다. 복합효소제의 처리시간을 달리한 경우 60분 처리구에서 갈색도 및 탁도가 각각 0.15, 0.01로 낮고 L값이 97.25로 높은 경향이었다. 효소처리 온도에 따른 품질은 50℃ 및 60℃ 처리구에서 갈색도와 탁도가 낮은 편이었으나 60℃ 및 70℃처리구에서 L값이 높은 경향이었다. 이상의 결과 참외 주스의 가공시 pectinase와 cellulas를 혼합한 복합효소제를 0.01% (v/v) 첨가하여 60℃에서 60분간 처리하는 것이 적절한 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 활용도가 낮은 메밀껍질을 활용하고자 효소처리 및 습식분쇄에 따른 통메밀 분말의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 습식 분쇄 통메밀 분말의 입도 분석 결과 메밀쌀의 평균 입자크기는 74.84 μm로 통메밀 분말에 비하여 약 4∼5배가량 큰 것으로 나타났으며 습식분쇄 90분 이후에 큰 차이가 없었다. 총 페놀성 화합물 및 총 플라보노이드 함량의 경우 메밀쌀에 비하여 통메밀 분말에서 모두 증가하였으며 분쇄가 진행될수록 조금씩 상승하였다. Rutin 함량 조사결과 메밀쌀 44.10 ppm에 습식분쇄가 진행될수록 함량이 상승하여 습식분쇄 90분에서 152.90 ppm까지 증가한 뒤 이후로는 큰 변화가 없었다. Quercetin의 경우 습식분쇄 시간에 따른 큰 함량변화는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 무기질 함량 조사결과 메밀쌀에 비하여 통메밀 분말에서 Ca, K 및 Mg의 함량이 높게 증가하였으며 Zn 및 Mn이 통메밀 분말에서 검출되었다. 유리아미노산은 통메밀 분말에서 총 유리아미노산 함량이 22.27 mg%로 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 glutamic acid는 14.58 mg%에서 30.45 mg%로 두 배 이상 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과 통메밀 분말 제조를 위한 습식분쇄 시간은 90분이 적절하였으며 통메밀 분말의 경우 메밀껍질의 유효성분의 활용이 가능하였으며 습식분쇄과정을 통한 식감개선이 가능하여 차후 다양한 가공제품으로 활용이 기대된다.

To stabilize the basal extraction conditions of Leonuri herbal products, three kinds of Leonurus sibiricus water extracts were prepared with different extraction conditions (boiling extraction (I), high thermal process & boiling extraction (II), and wet grinding & boiling extraction (III)), and their physiological properties were investigated. The extraction yields of the L. sibiricus water extracts were from 13.02 to 15.90%, with no significant difference among them. The polyphenol contents were significantly high in extracts (II) and (III) than in extract (I). The IC50 for the electron-donating ability was the smallest in extracts (II), (III) and (I) in ascending order. The ABTS radical scavenging ability was significantly higher in extracts (II) and (III) than in extract (I). Also, the ACE in hibition ability for 5 mg/mL of each extract was high in extracts (II) and (III), but there was no significant difference among the three extracts in terms of their nitrite scavenging abilities. Extraction processes (II) and (III) were shown to be useful for preparing Leonurus sibiricus water extracts with healthful properties.

We investigated the quality characteristics of brewing brown rice vinegar through a traditional static fermentation process. Accordingly, we decided to compare the physicochemical characteristics of brewing vinegar at different temperatures and filtration methods. In four to five weeks’ time, the acetic acid fermentation exhibited the highest titratable acidity and then it eventually decreased. The titratable acidity was affected by the filtration method. It was revealed that the titratable acidity was higher in the forced filtration than the traditional filtration method. Various organic acids were detected in order to initialize the fermentation stage and as the fermentation progressed, only the acetic acid could be detected. The total free amino acid content was higher at a temperature of 30℃ than at 20℃. Moreover, the free amino acid content was dependent on the acetate content during the acetic fermentation process. The main bioactive substance of the γ-aminobutyric acid content was more than twice at a fermentation temperature of 30℃ compared to the fermentation temperature of 20℃. Furthermore, the total amino acid and essential amino acid content at a temperature of 30℃ was excellent. The quality of the brown rice vinegar via forced filtration method at a temperature of 30℃ was the most excellent. Based on these results, the fermentation temperature and the use of nuruks (fermenting agent) affected the quality of the brown rice vinegar, and an appropriate method to consider its purpose is required.

The nutritional composition, bioactive components and antioxidant activities of the first and second sprouts of Kalopanax pictus, Cedrela sinensis and Acanthopanax cortex were investigated to increase the utilization of these sprouts. The moisture and crude lipid contents of the first sprout were higher than those of the second sprout, and the crude fiber and carbohydrate contents were higher in the second sprout. The organic acid content of the first sprout was higher than that of the second sprout. The second sprout had higher free amino acid contents in K. pictus and C. sinensis, and the first sprout had a higher content in A. cortex. Especially, the second sprout of K. pictus and C. sinensis had a higher level of glutamic acid, which is a major taste component of foods, than the first sprout. The second sprouts of all the samples had higher mineral levels than the first sprouts. In contrast, the first sprouts had higher total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and showed a higher antioxidant activity level, except for the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the A. cortex. The results of this study show that the nutritive value of the second sprout was higher than that of the first sprout, but the bioactive components value of the second sprout was lower than that of the first sprout. Therefore, additional research is needed on the cultivation condition required to maintain the nutritive values and the antioxidant activities of these sprouts.

잡곡은 혈압강하, 당뇨병 질환, 고혈압 예방, 면역성 증가, 혈당강하, 항산화, 항염증 효과 및 항암효과 등 기능적 특성을 가지는 작물로서 최근 사람들의 건강에 대한 인식이 증대되면서 다양한 생리활성을 가지는 잡곡에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 그러나 잡곡은 현재 재배면적 및 생산량의 감소, 수입산에 대한 경쟁력 약화 및 농가 생산기피 등의 이유로 국내산 잡곡 생산량 및 재배면적은 감소하는 추세이다. 따라서 잡곡의 부가가치 상승 및 경쟁력 강화를 위한 다양한 노력이 요구된다. 최근 국내 식품의 트렌드는 바쁜 사회생활 및 불균형한 식습관으로 인하여 편이식이 또는 식사대용 형태의 편이식이 제품의 수요가 높아지고 있다. 따라서 다양한 생리활성을 가지는 잡곡을 활용한 indoor용 맞춤형 가공식품 개발은 바쁜 일상생활으로 인한 영양 불균형으로 건강에 대한 우려가 있는 현대인들 특히 영양요구성이 가장 높은 청소년 및 고령층의 영양보충뿐만 아니라 수입산 잡곡에 대한 국내 잡곡시장의 경쟁력 강화 및 농가소득 상승에 도움이 될 것으로 여겨진다.

This study was conducted to investigate changes in the main volatile flavor components of oriental melon during the process of alcohol fermentation via SPME (solid phase micro extraction). The flavor components of oriental melon were shown to have mainly included melon and green flavors. The green flavor was identified to be nonanal, 1-butanol, 1-octen-2-ol and benzene, and its relative concentration was shown to be 16.66%. The nonanal concentration was shown to have been reduced among the green-flavor components, but no significant change in remaining components was observed. Mainly, sweet flavor tended to increase, and the relative concentration of benzene was particularly shown to have increase by 25.58%, accounting for the highest relative concentration. The amount of green-flavor components, except for 1-butanol, was shown to have significantly decrease after alcohol fermentation. Then, no component of green-flavor, which causes an offensive smell, was found during fermentation and aging. Meanwhile, the volatile flavor components, which are consist of acids, were shown to have been produced during alcohol fermentation. In particular, octanoic acid, which causes off-flavor, was shown to be 60.99%, a very high relative concentration during the aging stage. In addition, acetic acid with a pungent sour flavor tended to be produced. A further study on the improvement of flavor in the production of oriental melon wine is required.

This study was to examine the quality characteristics of Cedrela shoots according to soy sauce conditions. First, the results were on solid samples (pickled Cedrela sinensis shoot) as follows: The pH and acidity of Cedrela shoots tended to decrease slightly in the licorice added section. The sugar content and salinity of Cedrela shoots tended to decrease gradually during the storage period. The color values of Cedrela shoots tended to change from green to dark green due to soy sauce as their storage periods. The texture of Cedrela shoots had differences according to their unique characteristics, but the change was small in the licorice added section. The overall preference appeared most high in P1-1. Next, the results were on Liquid samples (soy sauce) as follows: The pH and acidity of soy sauce tended to decrease gradually during the storage period. The sugar content and salinity did not change a lot. Microorganisms were not detected during the storage period in the established conditions. Therefore, the conditions for quality changes about pickling soy sauce during the storage period have been established and it can be anticipated to commercialize various pickle food using Cedrela shoots.

The quality characteristics of Acanthopanax and Cedrela shoots during their preservation were investigated according to the salting conditions to improve the use of the shoots. The results were as follows: The pH of added ionization mineral during the storage did not change. The salinity of the salt-stored Acanthopanax and Cedrela tended to insignificantly change as their storage temperature changed and increase during the addition of the ionization mineral. In terms of the color values, the b value of the added non-ionization mineral tended to increase and that of the added ionization mineral tended to gradually decrease. The texture of Acanthopanax and Cedrela shoots to which an ionization mineral was added tended to decrease gradually during their storage, and was highest when 50 ppm of the ionization mineral was added. The total chlorophyll contents tended to decrease during the salt storage, did not change significantly with the change in the added ionization mineral, and decreased at the storage temperature of 10℃. Therefore, it can be concluded that quality of Acanthopanax and Cedrela shoots can be maintained when they are stored in ionization mineral addition.

The fusel oils and the volatile flavor compounds of two potato sojues, one of which was produced with the traditional distillation apparatus(soju-gori) and the other, with the reduced pressure distillation system, were examined. The fusel oil content was high in the potato soju that was distilled under reduced pressure (potato soju(II)). The relative ratio of the isoamyl alcohol to the isobutyl alcohol and the n-propanol was 3.1:0.8:1.0 in the potato soju that was distilled with soju-gori (potato soju(I)), and 4.0:1.2:1.0 in potato soju(II). The chromatograms of the volatile components apparently differed between potato soju(I) and potato soju(II). Potato soju(I) contained four kinds of alcohol, six kinds of ester, n-valeraldehyde, and acetic acid. Potato soju(II) contained seven kinds of alcohol, 14 kinds of ester, two kinds of aldehyde, acetic acid, and three other compounds. Potato soju(II) significantly scored higher for flavor property than potato soju(I).

The quality of brown rice vinegar that was produced via static culture (A) was compared with the quality of three types of domestic commercial brown rice vinegar (B, C, and D) and of three types of Japanese brown rice vinegar (E, F, and G). The results showed titratable acidity levels of 6.39%, 4.52-6.32%, and 4.51-4.89% in the static-cultured brown rice vinegar, the domestic commercial brown rice vinegars, and the Japanese brown rice vinegars, respectively. The pH levels were 3.28, 2.58-2.97, and 3.03-3.27 in the static-culture brown rice vinegar, the domestic commercial brown rice vinegars, and the Japanese brown rice vinegars, respectively, which show similar values of the static-culture brown rice vinegar and the Japanese brown rice vinegars. The total nitrogen (TN) values of the static-culture brown rice vinegar, the domestic commercial brown rice vinegars, and the Japanese brown rice vinegars were 0.24, 0.03-0.16, and 0.12-0.17, respectively, with the highest value for the static-culture brown rice vinegar, substantial differences among the domestic commercial brown rice vinegars, and similar contents among the Japanese brown rice vinegars. For free sugar, glucose was either detected only in a small quantity or not detected at all in the static-culture brown rice vinegar and the Japanese brown rice vinegars, which showed perfect fermentation. The glucose and maltose contents were higher in the domestic commercial brown rice vinegars. The organic acid content of the static-culture brown rice vinegar was similar to that of the Japanese brown rice vinegars. Therefore, the total acidity content, TN value, sensory property, and quality of the static-culture brown rice vinegar (A) were superior to those of the domestic and Japanese brown rice vinegars.

The sensory properties of Kalopanax pictus and Cedrela sinensis shoots were analyzed according to their blanching conditions and the thawing methods used. For the Hunter colors, the K. pictus that was blanched without adding salt for 6 min had the highest L value, and the C. sinensis that was blanched with 1% salt for 6 min had the highest L value. The chlorophyll content of K. pictus was 141.1 mg% when it was blanched for 3 min with 2% salt, and the chlorophyll content of C. sinensis that was blanched without adding salt for 6 min was highest (124.8 mg%). When K. pictus and C. sinensis were blanched without salt addition for 3 min, their texture showed a higher value than that of the other samples. The sensory test result showed the highest overall preference for the sample that was blanched without adding salt for 3 min, among all the samples. The L value of the K. pictus that was thawed in a microwave oven was significantly higher than that of the other samples, but the L value of the C. sinensis that was thawed at 4℃ was higher than that of the other samples. As for the overall preference for the samples according to the thawing method used, K. pictus and C. sinensis scored highest in the case of thawing in a microwave oven.

The quality characteristics of kalopanax pictus and Aralica elata shoots during their preservation were investigated according to the salt conditions and storage temperatures to improve the use of the shoots. The results were as follows: the pH of kalopanax pictus shoots duing their storage did not changes with 10% and 12% brine at 4℃ and with 12% brine at 10℃. The pH of Aralica elata shoots is at 4℃ tended to be similar to the kalopanax pictus shoot and decreased at the storage temperature of 10℃. The salinity of the kalopanax pictus and Aralica elata shoots tended to increase during their storage and did not change significantly as their storage temperature changed. The L values of kalopanax pictus and Aralica elata shoots tended to decrease gradually during their storage, and the salt concentrations appeared high. The b value of the kalopanax pictus shoot tended to increase and that of the Aralica elata shoots, to decrease gradually. The a value tended to increase gradually but did not differ with variations in the storage temperatures and salt concentrations. The strength and the hardness of the kalopanax pictus and Aralica elata shoots tended to decreased gradually during their storage and highest in 10% brine at 4℃, and those of Aralica elata shoots were highest in 8-10% brine at 4℃. The Chlorophyll contents of the kalopanax pictus and Aralica elata shoots tended to decrease during their salt storage and did not change significantly as the temperatures and salt concentrations changed. Therefore, it can be concluded that the quality of kalopanax pictus and Aralica elata shoots can be maintained when the are stored in 10% brine at 4℃.