This study analyzed indoor and outdoor thermal performance among different types of green roofs and green walls in order to provide information for building greening. When temperature reduction effects of green roofs and green walls were compared to the control, the effects was highest at the green roof and wall treatment, followed by green wall, green roof, and the control, which means there was temperature reduction effects by building greening. Also these temperature reduction effects was influenced by outdoor weather condition such as being typically high in sunny days but not notable in rainy days. In addition temperature reduction was effective as the air temperature was up but was not influenced by wind velocity. As for directions, the west side showed the highest temperature followed by the south and east in the order. Heat flow was found greater in control than in green roof and green wall. In addition, heat flow reversal was found as time went on.

본 연구는 광도가 실내녹화에 많이 사용되는 관엽식물의 생육과 엽색에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위해 실시했다. 접란(Chlorophytum comosum ‘Picturatum’), 디펜바키아(Dieffenbachia ‘Marrianne’), 스킨답서스(Epipremnum aureum), 스파티필럼(Spathiphyllum spp.)의 4종 관엽식물을 대상으로 120일간 광도(PPFD) 15, 30, 60, 120μmol • m−2 • s−1에서 형광등을 사용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 디펜바키아는 광도에 따라 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽면적, 바이오매스의 모든 항목에서 유의적인 차이가 나타나, 4종 관엽식물 중 광도가 생육에 가장 영향을 많이 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 생육의 여러 항목 중 초장이 광도에 가장 잘 반응 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 유의적인 차가 크게 나지는 않았으나 엽폭에도 다소 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 광도는 전체적으로 지하부보다는 지상부의 바이오매스에 더 많이 반영되었으나, 접란의 경우는 지상부보다는 지하부의 생육에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 광도는 SPAD 값에는 영향을 크게 주지 않았다. 디펜바키아는 120μmol • m−2 • s−1에서 가장 낮은 Fv/Fm값을 나타내었으며, 이는 높은 광량에 대해서 스트레스 반응을 나타내는 것으로 판단된다. 엽색의 밝기는 광도에 비례하여 밝은 것으로 나타났다.

To compensate for the critical shortage of human organs for allotransplantation, xenotransplantation studies using genetically modified pigs are being performed in Korea. Two types of pigs that are used are α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout (GalT KO) pigs and GalT KO+hCD46 (human complement regulatory protein) pigs. The present study measured the gestation time, birth weight, daily growth rate, and heart weight of both kinds of transgenic minipigs. The gestation period for both types of pigs was 117∼119 days. There was no difference in the body weight of GalT KO (—/+) and GalT KO (—/—) piglets, but GalT KO+hCD46 (—hCD46+/+) pigs were significantly heavier at birth than were GalT KO+hCD46 (—hCD46+/—hCD46+) pigs. During the first 10 weeks of life, the daily weight gain of GalT KO+hCD46 (—hCD46+/—CD46+) piglets, which are considered the optimal type for xenotransplantation, was 0.19 kg. The weight of hearts from GalT KO piglets up to two months of age was affected more by body weight than by age. Transgenic pigs showed no differences in gestation period or reproductive ability compared with normal pigs. These results comprise basic data that may be used in xenotransplantation studies and transgenic animal production in Korea.

We investigated the prevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia- syndrome virus (SFTSV) and geographical distribution of ixodid ticks from 25 regions of the Korea during 2011-2012. We collected 25,940 ixodid ticks with 3 genera and 7 species using dry ice bait trap and flagging. Among them, Genus Haemaphysalis, Ixodes and Amblyomma counted 25,821 (99.5%), 118 (0.5%) and 1 (<0.0%). Genus Haemaphysalis consisted of 4 species, H. longicornis (90.4%), H. flava (9.2%), H. formosensis and H. hystricis (<0.1%). Genus Ixodes consisted of 2 species, I. nippoenesis (0.4%) and I. persulcatus (0.1%). Only one Amblyomma testudinarium was collected. The highly infested sites were grassland (50.1%) and mixed stand forest (20.3%). Minimum infection rate (MIR) of SFTSV in H. longicornis was 0.5% in Korea and this rate was similar to that in China (0.46%). Our results showed that H. longicornis is a major vector of SFTSV and its surveillance will be needed at high risk area.

Ski protein is implicated in proliferation/differentiation in a variety of cells. We had previously reported that Ski protein is present in granulosa cells of atretic follicles, but not in preovulatory follicles, suggesting that Ski has a role in apoptosis of granulosa cells. The alternative fate of granulosa cells other than apoptosis is to differentiate to luteal cells; however, it is unknown whether Ski is expressed and has a role in granulosa cells undergoing luteinization. Thus, the aim of the present study was to locate Ski protein in the rat ovary during luteinizationto predict the possible role of Ski. In order to examine the expression pattern of Ski protein along with the progress of luteinization, follicular growth was induced by administration of equine chorionic gonadtropin to immature female rats, and luteinization was induced by human chorionic gonadtropin treatment to mimic luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. While no Ski-positive granulosa cells were present in preovulatory follicle, Ski protein expression was induced in response to LH surge, and was maintained after the formation of the corpus luteum (CL). Though Ski protein is absent in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicle, its mRNA (c-Ski)was expressed and the level was unchanged even after LH surge. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Ski protein expression is induced in granulosa cells upon luteinization, and suggests that its expression is regulated post-transcriptionally.

The techniques of IVM, IVF and IVC of canine oocytes may provide useful information for gamete salvage programs and the conservation of endangered canidae. This investigation has been made to determine the efficiency of in vitro maturation (IVM) as a basic experiment to study the development of canine oocytes after in vitro fertilization (IVF). The rate of oocytes developing to the MII stage was higher in the hormone treated group (10 IU/ml hCG+eCG, 14.7%, p<0.05) than in the control group (0 IU/ml hCG+eCG, 10.0%). The monospermy and pronuclear rates of canine oocytes were investigated after caffeine treatment on IVF. Canine oocytes were fertilized in the Fert‐TALP medium supplemented with 0, 10, 20 or 30 mM caffeine (Fert I, Fert II, Fert III or Fert IV, respectively). The highest pronuclear formation rate was obtained in the Fert I for 24 h IVF (6.7%, 6/89). Therefore, it is believed that unlike in other mammals, caffeine in canine IVF does not increase the efficiency of fertilization rate, and is not an important factor.

Green Infrastructure (GI) approach provides significant benefits to cities and communities. GI applications would provide multi-benefits such as the reduction in building energy demand, stormwater management, urban heat island reduction, habitat creation, etc. GI is nowadays considered as a multi-benefit best management practice (BMP) at diverse levels of government. The purpose of this study is to find out the positive effects of GI application, and Geographic Information System (GIS) is used for the accurate and efficient analysis. Two polygon data, ‘GreenRoof’ and ‘ParkingPlace’ are produced with a satellite imagery extracted from Google Earth Pro. These data are used to calculate total available spaces for green roof and permeable pavement in the campus of Chungbuk National University. After GI application in the campus, 13.2% of landcover is converted to green spaces and this change results in expanding the green network of Cheongju city. The result of this study shows that green roof application can absorb 4576.95 kg/yr of Carbon Dioxide and possibly reduce maximum 1,497,600L urban runoff. This study proves how GI is valuable for the city environment with quantitative analyses.

The present study investigated the causes and intensity of the urban heat island phenomenon by the seasons according to the pattern of land use in Chungju City. Highest temperature and lowest moisture areas of the urban were very similar to the distribution of commercial districts, on the other hand, lowest temperature and highest moisture areas were distributed in manufacturing districts, green zones and the Hoam Lake. If appear at intensity of the distance from the outer circumference of commercial districts, wind direction and the rise of temperature, we could observe the remarkable expansion of high temperature from commercial districts toward residential districts around of downwind in all seasons. In case the effect of the wind was not significant as well, high temperature in commercial districts appeared tendency that a little spread to 1, 2 residential districts around. But checked up the intimate relations between the amount of moving heat and wind, when out of consideration that size of area was not much compared than residential areas of downwind affected by the wind. These phenomenon was relatively obvious in summer, the other side, in spring and autumn appeared a similar tendency.