백색칼라(Zantedeschia aethiopica) 신품종 ‘Swan’은 국립원 예특작과학원에서 2017년에 육성하였다. ‘Swan’의 모본은 다화성인 ‘Childsiana’와 무름병에 강한 ‘Wedding March’를 부본으로 2004년에 교배하여 구근을 양성 후 2008년부터 2016년까지 생육 및 개화 특성, 균일성에 대하여 특성검정을 실시하였다. 2017년에 3차 특성검정을 실시하여 최종 선발한 후 직 무육성품종심의회에 상정하여 ‘Swan’으로 명명하였다. ‘Swan’ 의 생육 및 개화특성은 부본으로 사용된 ‘Wedding March’를 대조품종으로 조사하였다. 백색(RSH W155C)화색의 ‘Swan’ 은 화포의 길이와 폭이 각각 11.2cm와 10.3cm인 중형 품종이다. 주당 화수는 2.1개로 대조품종보다 2배 많으며 꽃대길이가 77.1cm로 대조품종(68.7cm)보다 길다. 개화소요일수는 65 일로 조기개화 품종이다. 절화수명은 17일(대조12일)로 길며, 무름병 중도저항성으로 구근증식량(13.3개/주)이 우수하고 소비자기호도가 높다. ‘Swan’ 품종은 2020년 4월 28일에 국립종 자원에 품종등록(등록번호 제8092호)되었다.

Thrips from the genus Frankliniella (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) are a serious insect pest of various crops, including vegetables, fruits and ornamental plants. Thrips cause significant economic damage plants directly by feeding, and indirectly by acting as vectors for the tospoviruses such as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) in chrysanthemum. To investigate the associations of thrips with tospoviruses and their ability to transmit, we have developed a protocol for identifying tospovirus and thrips species simultaneously in an individual thrips sample was successfully conducted. Total RNA was extracted from thrips according to manufacturer’s insturctions of RNeasy mini kit (Quiagen co.), and then TSWV was identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using TSWV specific primers for the N genes. The residual genomic DNA in thrips RNA extract was used as a template to identify thrips species by PCR using universal primers for ITS2 region and subsequently digesting the PCR product by an restriction enzyme (RsaI) In addition, a classification into the species of thrips was confirmed using the nucleotide sequence of PCR products. The developed protocol was applied to investigate the occurrence of viruliferous thrips species in thrips populations collected from chrysanthemum fields. In this study, most of thrips were identified to Frankliniella spp. and thirps that acquire TSWV was 14 % of 65 thrips.

국내에서 재배하는 주요 핵과류(복숭아, 자두, 매실, 체리)에 발생하는 깍지벌레는 뽕나무깍지벌레(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona), 말채나무공깍지벌레(Lecanium corni), 무화과깍지벌레(Coccus hesperidum), 가루깍지벌레류(Pseudococcus sp.) 4종이 발견되었으나, 뽕나무깍지 벌레는 2017년에 총 113과원 중 103과원(발생과원율 91.2%), 2018년에는 77과원 중 64과원(발생과원율 83.1%) 모든 핵과류에서 가장 많이 발생하여 우점종으로 확인되었다. 2017년도에는 5월 상순부터 부화를 시작하여 암컷성충 1마리가 평균 75.5개(47∼159개)의 알을 낳으며 모든 알이 부화하는데 약 19일이 소요되었으며 5월 20일경에 월동성충의 모든 알이 부화하였다. 그러나, 2018년에는 4월 하순부터 부화를 시작하여 (부화율 72%) 부화유충(1령)으로 이동 후 5월 중순부터 고착유충(2~3령), 6월 중순부터 2세대 성충이 활동하기 시작하였다. 부화유충기(1령)에 약제 살포를 하면 살충율이 100.0%이었으나, 고착유충기(2~3령)에는 살충율은 2.7%에 불과하였다. 부화약충기를 제외한 모든 단계에서 몸체가 밀납깍지로 덮여 있어 약제를 살포하여도 직접 접촉되지 않아 치사율이 낮았다. 따라서 반드시 부화약충기에 약제를 살포하여야 방제효과를 높일 수 있다.

The hemipteran whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is one of the most destructive pests damaging more than 600 agricultural crop species worldwide. The B and Q biotypes are most widely spread in Korea but they are not distinguishable based on morphological characters. In order to search for protein markers that can be employed for rapid and accurate diagnosis of biotypes, two-dimensional PAGE (2DE) in conjunction with mass spectroscopic analysis were conducted. Eleven biotype-specific spots were repeatedly identified during three repetitions of 2DE and analyzed by Q-TOF. One of the B type-specific protein spots was identified as carboxylesterase 2 (Coe2). The transcript level of coe2 was determined to be 6 times higher in B type than in Q type by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, comparison of genomic DNA sequence of coe2 between B and Q types identified a biotype-specific intron, from which specific primer sets were designed. One-step PCR using these biotype-specific primers successfully distinguished the two biotypes in a high accuracy. Availability of the biotype-specific protein and DNA markers will greatly improve the detection of B. tabaci biotype in the field.

UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (UGE) catalyzes the reversible conversion of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose. To understand the biological function of UGE from Brassica rapa, the gene hereinafter referred to as was cloned and overexpressed into Japonica rice cv. Gopum. Transcriptional profiling showed that the is specific to stem of rice plant. Morphological evaluation of the overexpression lines revealed altered phenotype characters particularly in panicle length, number of productive tillers and filled spikelets which account for an increase in yield. This remarkable agronomic performance was ascribed to higher photosynthetic rate complemented with higher CO2 assimilation. Interestingly, BrUGE1 did not only improve plant fitness under optimal condition but also under water deficit stress. The enhanced drought tolerance may be due to the induction of soluble sugar which may act as osmolyte to compensate dehydration during drought stress.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. Exposure of plants to cadmium (Cd) has been reported to decrease GS activity in maize, pea, bean, and rice. To better understand the function of the GS gene under Cd stress in rice, we constructed a recombinant pART vector carrying the GS gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and OCS terminator and transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We then investigated GS overexpressing rice lines at the physiological and molecular levels under Cd toxicity. The GS activity along with mRNA expression were found higher in transgenic than in wild type plants. And this is validated by the low malondialdehyde contents observed 10 days after treatment. GS overexpression in rice resulted in the modulation of expression of enzymes responsible for membrane peroxidation, which may result in the sudden death of plants. Our results thus describe the features of a transgenic rice plants with enhanced tolerance to Cd toxicity.

In this paper, we propose a digital image stabilization technique using edge detection and Lucas-Kanade optical flow in order to minimize the motion of the shaken image. The accuracy of motion estimation based on block matching technique depends on the size of search window, which results in long calculation time. Therefore it is not applicable to real-time system. In addition, since the size of vector depends on that of block, it is difficult to estimate the motion which is bigger than the block size. The proposed method extracts the trust region using edge detection, to estimate the motion of some critical points in trust region based on Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method stabilizes the shaking of motion image effectively in real time.