방대한 빅데이터를 기반으로 발전한 인공지능 기술은 창작과 영상 예술, 인간의 고유 영역으로 여겨졌던 분야에 큰 영향을 미치기 시작했다. 전통적으로 선형적이었던 3D 애니메이션 제작 방식은 AI 이미지 생성 모델을 활용해 초기 기획, 컨셉 및 아이디어를 빠르게 비주얼화하고, 실시간 게임 엔진을 통해 실시간으로 수정 및 개선 작업을 반복하며 완성도를 높이는 비선형 적 방식으로 변화하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Stable Diffusion의 노드 기반 비주얼 스크립트인 ComfyUI를 활용한 사전 제작 과정과 iClone 및 언리얼 엔진을 통해 디지털 휴먼을 제작하고 구체화하는 일련의 파이프라인을 분석한다. 이를 통해 전통적인 파이프라인을 넘어서는 새로운 예술적 표현의 가능성을 모색한다.

코로나 사태 이후 공연예술계는 ‘초지능화’와 ‘초연결성’의 특징으로 대표되는 메타버스에 주목 하기 시작했다. 직접 만나서 소통할 수 없는 비대면적 상황은 현실세계와 가상공간을 연결해 주는 메타버스 플랫폼 전시 공연 활성화에 큰 영향을 끼쳤다. 코로나 사태가 끝난 이후에도 공연예술계는 다양하고 실험적인 온-오프라인 공연의 형태로 해당 기술을 활용한 다양한 프로 젝트 전시들을 선보이고 있다. 이처럼 실감 콘텐츠와 가상현실을 접목한 VR, XR 기술들은 빠 르게 실감 콘텐츠와 전시공연분야에 접목되며 실험적이고 다양한 공연과 전시를 선보이고 있 다. 메타버스 플랫폼을 활용한 전시와 공연들이 관객들이 어떠한 방식으로 다가가고 있는지 실감 콘텐츠 공연사례들을 분석하고, 가상현실이 일상화되고 있는 요즘, 전시와 공연 예술 분 야의 변화의 방향을 살펴본다.

Sarcoma is rare malignant tumors that develop from mesenchymal cells. Metastasis to the oral cavity is a rare occurrence. Undifferentiated Pleomorphic sarcoma(UPS), formerly known as Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH), is rare spindle cell neoplasm that can have poorly prognosis with metastasis and local recurrence. This report describes a case of a 77-year-old man who was diagnosed with Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the chest wall and underwent adjuvant radiation therapy after surgical resection. Although there was success of wide excision, two years later, he presented with metastasis to the several organs including tongue. We retrospectively analyzed results of Next Generation Sequencing(NGS), and we figured out RB1 gene mutation. Until now targeted therapy of RB1 gene mutation is not established. Surgeon needs to consider metastatic tumors through identifying patients’ chief complaints and past medical & dental history. We need to research through NGS, and take a step closer to find targeted therapy for tumors.

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of mulberry cake mixed diet on larval growth of Protaetia brevitarsis. As a result of adding mulberry cake to oak fermented sawdust and mulberry fermented sawdust, the survival rate of P. brevitarsis larvae were higher than those of the control when mass rearing larvae. When fed oak fermented sawdust with 3, 5% and 10% of mulberry cake, the cumulative proportion of larvae over 2.5g was 92.9% at 65 days, 90.8% at 55 days, and 96.3% at 45 days after rearing at 25±1℃, respectively. When fed mulberry fermented sawdust with 3%, 5% and 10% of mulberry cake, the cumulative proportion of larvae over 2.5g was 86.2% at 85 days, 90.7% at 75 days, and 91.5% at 75 days after rearing at 25±1℃, respectively.

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of mulberry leaf mixed diet on larval growth of Protaetia brevitarsis. As a result of adding mulberry leaves to oak fermented sawdust, the survival rate of P. brevitarsis larvae were higher than those of the control when mass rearing larvae. When fed oak fermented sawdust with 5%, 10% and 20% of mulberry leaves, the cumulative proportion of larvae over 2.5g was 93.1% at 65 days, 95.6% at 55 days, and 93.9% at 55 days after rearing at 25±1℃, respectively. Also, heavy metals were not detected in larvae of P. brevitarsis fed on mulberry leaves.

Oral adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare and aggressive type of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It is characterized by a squamous component originating at the mucosa and a deep glandular component. ASC may be misdiagnosed as SCC by superficial incisional biopsy including only the squamous component. ASC has a worse prognosis than general variants of SCC, so accurate diagnosis is essential for patient survival. We present a case report of a large ASC arising in the buccal mucosa, first mistaken as general SCC.

Primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) associated with dental osseointegrated implants is very rare. We experienced two patients who had received dental implant surgery before they were diagnosed with OSCC. We report these cases to emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis of malignant lesions associated with dental implants. Additionally, we also suggest that bone graft materials around implants can serve as a potential inducer of invasiveness in cancer cells.

Small cell osteosarcoma of bone, which was first described in 1979, is an unusual variant of osteosarcoma. Osteoid production by tumor cells is frequently focal or minimal, making the differential diagnosis with other small round cell tumors of bone difficult. Here, we present a rare case of small cell osteosarcoma of the mandible appearing as bony bulging mass in 31-year-old male who has neither tenderness nor paresthesia. Histologically, the tumor contains hypercellular cartilage and abnormal osteoid associated with small round to ovoid malignant cells. Awareness of small cell osteosarcoma should be emphasized because it has worse prognosis than both other small round cell tumor and conventional osteosarcoma.

The osteoblastic activity of carcinoma is restricted in osteoblastic metastasis, common in the patients with prostate cancer, whereas its mechanism and the factors involved are unknown. Here, we present a case of central adenocarcinoma showing the osteoblastic activity in the mandible of the 80-year-old Korean male who had suffered from the paresthesia of lower lip during four mouths. Clinically the overlying oral epithelium was intact, but the radiologic images revealed the ill-defined radiolucent intraosseous lesions in left ascending ramus. Microscopically, the mandibular lesion was composed with carcinoma of ductal or glandular differentiation but lack typical features of any epithelial salivary gland malignancies. Intriguingly abundant new bone formation was found in the stroma, but the tumor cells expressed no reactivity for prostate-specific antigen(PSA). The patient had low ionized calcium level, normal serum alkaline phosphatase and PSA level. Positron emission tomography-computed tomopraphy scan revealed the benign prostatic hyperplasia, but failed to trace the primary site of tumor other than mandible. Therefore, pathologically diagnosis for the lesion was informed as adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified(NOS). Because occult primary tumor associated with osteoblastic metastasis cannot be completely ruled out, periodic and careful check-ups for the patient should be performed.

Facial numbness restricted to the distribution of the mental nerve(mental neuropathy) is called "numb chin syndrome". The clinical importance of this syndrome is associated with first recognition of involvement of malignant diseases. The malignant neoplasm with numb chin syndrome show rapid progression and high mortality. We present a 43-year-old female who had been treated by radiotherapy for precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma involving the central nervous system( CNS) previously and later developed mental nerve invasion without central nervous system recurrence. MRI images revealed the CNS tumor mass remitted, and there was no identified peripheral nervous system(PNS) involvement including the mental nerve invasion, nevertheless the patient complained of consistent numbness and pain on right mandibular area. This is the first case of precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma accompanying mental nerve invasion without recurrence for central nervous system. Proper interpretation for mental neuropathy may lead to the prompt diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.

Sialodochitis is an inflammatory disease on salivary gland duct. Although most of sialoadenitis includes inflammatory status of ductal system, an unusual behavior such as localized inflammation only in the duct is rarely observed. Sialodochitis is a very rare disease that was first reported by Kussmaul in 1879.1) Common symptoms of chronic sialodochitis are an excretion of mucous plugs and a swelling of the cheek. Sialodochitis may be associated with a type I hypersensitivity in the salivary duct and parotid gland, because of the large amount of eosinophils in saliva, and the common allergic history such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The management of sialodochitis depends on the severity of disease. The surgical procedure such as drainage operation, sialodochoplasty, or superficial parotidectomy can be selected. We report the case of chronic sialodochitis with literature review.

to malignant transformation. Oral leukoplakia is a common premalignant lesion in oral mucosa and the incidence of cancer progression into SCC has been reported to be 0~43%. The genetic alterations of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes occur during carcinogenesis. In order to evaluate the role of epithelial cells in the early stage of carcinogenesis, we analyzed the alterations of genetic heterogeneity in epithelial cells of oral leukoplakia samples, using Laser capture microdissection(LCM). The incidence rate of microsatellite instability(MSI) and loss of heterozygosity(LOH) were analysed from the DNA of epithelial cells from 16 leukoplakia samples using adjacent fibroblasts as a normal control. In this study, LOH was found in epithelial cells of all 16 cases of leukoplakias while MSI has been observed in 3 cases. Interestingly, the fibroblasts showed LOH and MSI in some cases, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Taken together, this study showed that leukoplakia has multiple genetic alterations in fibroblasts as well as in epithelial cells, suggesting that interaction between epithelial cells and fibroblasts might be involved in the early step of carcinogenesis.

Fibro-osseous lesion(FOL) has been known a lesion that normal bone is replaced by cellular fibrous connective ti ssue and nonfunctional bone, FOL has been classified and revised by several investigators and World Health Organization(WHO) , For correct diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to classify FOL precisely, Compared to the class ificat ion by WHO in 1992‘ the new version of 2005 makes it simpler to classify , Therefore, the aim of this study is classifying FOL by the WHO classification in 1992 and compare it with the new ve1'sion in 2005 The material was 1'e tl‘ ieved f l'om the cases which were diagnosed as FOL from 1992 to 2005 in the Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistl'Y, Clinical, rad iological and pathological observations were conducted for this study Comparing WHO classifi cation in 1992 with the one in 2005, there were no differences regarding clini cal, radiological a nd hi s tological f indings in each classified disease entity of both osteogenic neoplasm and non neoplastic bone lesion , Hence, the new classification by WHO in 2005 would be a useful yardstick for correct diagnosis and treatment , For the differential diagnos is between osteogenic neoplasm and non neoplastic bone lesion, it is important to observe the degree of cell ularity microscopi cally and definiteness of the border radiographically,