SERPINB3 (also known Squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1, SCCA1) is involved in apoptosis, immune response, cell migration and invasiveness of cells. It has been investigated in various types of squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore we investigated the functional role of SERPINB3 gene in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) using laying hens, the most relevant animal model. In 136 laying hens, EOC was found in 10 (7.4%). We compared the expression and localization of SERPINB3 using RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, and SERPINB3 activation was detected in chicken and human ovarian cancer cell lines using immunofluorescence microscopy. Thereafter, we examined the prognostic value of SERPINB3 expression in patients with EOC by multivariate linear logistic regression and Cox’ proportional hazard analyses. In present study, SERPINB3 mRNA was induced in cancerous ovaries (p< 0.01), and it was only expressed in the glandular epithelium(GE) of cancerous ovaries of laying hens. SERPINB3 protein was localized predominantly to the nucleus of glandular epithelium in cancerous ovaries of laying hens, and it was abundant in the nucleus of both chicken and human ovarian cancer cell lines. In 109 human patients with EOC, 15 (13.8%), 66 (60.6%) and 28 (25.7%) of those patients showed weak, moderate and strong expression of SERPINB3 protein, respectively. Strong expression of SERPINB3 protein was a prognostic factor for platinum resistance (adjusted OR, 5.94; 95% Confidence Limits, 1.21-29.15). Therefore SERPINB3 may play an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis and be a novel biomarker for predicting platinum resistance and a poor prognosis for survival in patients with EOC. This research was funded by the World Class University (WCU) program (R31-10056), Basic Science Research Program (2010- 0013078) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology and by the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (No.PJ008142), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Serpins are a superfamily of related protease inhibitors with common structural features and inhibitory mechanisms. However, SERPINA 14 in mammals does not have inhibitory activity against most known proteases. Rather, it may have an immunoregulatory role in mammals to prevent rejection of the fetal allograft by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell function. In the pig, SERPINA14 is involved in iron transport to the fetus by binding to and stabilizing the iron-binding protein uteroferrin (ACP5). In chickens, these very little known about serpins in chickens. Therefore, we investigated the expression patterns of serpin genes in the oviduct of adult hens and in the oviduct of 37-day-old chicks treated with an estrogen analogue, diethylstilbestrol (DES). Results indicated that SERPINB3 and SERPINB11 genes were highly expressed in oviducts of DES-treated chicks, but not in oviducts of control chicks. Both SERPINB3 and SERPINB11 transcripts were localized specifically to the gland-like areas of oviducts of DES-treated chicks. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that SERPINB3 and SERPINB11 proteins were present in the gland-like area and luminal epithelium of the oviducts of DES-treated chicks. Collectively, the results suggest that SERPINB3 and SERPINB11 are expressed in response to estrogens and they have distinct functions related to development and differentiation of the mature oviduct in hens.

S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 (AHCYL1), also known as IP3 receptor- binding protein released with IP3 (IRBIT), is a member of the AHCY-like protein family. AHCYL1 protein regulates IP3-induced Ca2+ release in the cytoplasm of cells and, therefore, is likely to be an important gene regulating various biological processes in the oviduct of chickens. Inmammals, expression is greatest during activation of dendritic cells which are antigen presenting cells associated with immunoregulatory processes in blood and skin. However, the identification of the AHCYL1 gene in chickens has not been investigated. In the present study, we first used RT-PCR to demonstrate AHCYL1 gene expression in adult chicken organs and oviducts of immature chickens treated with DES (diethylstilbesterol, a synthetic estrogen agonist). The results indicated that AHCYL1 mRNA is expressed in chicken reproductive organs (testis, ovary and oviduct). Inaddition, expression of AHCYL1 mRNA increased in response to DES-treated immature oviducts compared to the non-treated control immature oviducts of chickens. Interestingly, AHCYL1 was abundant in the cytoplasm of luminal and glandular epithelia, but not in other cell-types such as stroma and connective tissues, of the chicken oviduct. These results suggest that AHCYL1 is a novel estrogen-stimulated gene associated with development of the chicken oviduct, as well as functions of oviductal glandular and luminal epithelia that may include activation of resident immune cells, such as dendritic cells.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of alcohol or cigarette smoking on seminal parameters in a large group of mice model. Nine groups (n=20/group) of mice were treated intensive noxious materials that abdominal injection of 21% (v/v) of ethanol, cigarette smoke (10, 20, 30 minutes/day), and combination of ethanol and 30 minutes of smoking. In addition, vitamin C and selenium were also treated to mice exposed to combination of alcohol and smoking to identify the recovering effect. Sperm viability and motility were significantly decreased in either alcohol consumption or smoking exposed group, and combination of both materials have additive detrimental effects on seminal parameters. Mice groups that exposed to alcohol and smoking showed statistically significant decrease in motility and increase of static spermatozoa. Moreover, combination of both treatments showed cumulative effect in increase of static spermatozoa. Treatments of either vitamin C or selenium dramatically recovered detrimental effects of alcohol and smoking on seminal quality, although combination of both antioxidant molecules did not show any additive effect. In conclusion, detrimental effects of alcohol and cigarette consumption on sperm quality and motility were identified in mice model, and these detrimental effects can be compensated to uptake of anti‐oxidant molecules.

A case of chronic osteomyelitis caused by prolonged intake of bisphosphonate showed multiple recurrences involving extensive area of mandibular body. After saucerization the removed bony fragments were decalcified, microsected in 4 ㎛ thickness, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, von Gieson, and periodic acid Schiff reaction. The inflammatory lesion contained fragile osteophytes easily propagated into sequestra. Histologically, this osteomyelitis was relatively less suppurative but almost granulomatous, highly infiltrated with small round cells and macrophages. The osteophytes were frequently deposited on the old lamellate bone, but their ossification was extremely immature and frequently filled with sclerosed collagen bundles positive for von Gieson stain. In the polarizing microscope observation under Masson trichrome stain the newly deposited osteophytes were lack of birefringence image of Haversian system contrast to the old bone nearby. Therefore, we presume that the prolonged intake of bisphosphonate may induce the immature osteophytes lack of Harversian system, which are partly filled with sclerotic collagen bundles, and the immature bone is easily undergone extensive degeneration and necrosis, resulted in the inflammatory foci for multiple recurrent osteomyelitis.

Most of mucous retention phenomena occurred in the mucous secretory glands, 1 e ‘ minor salivary gland, sublingual gland and submandibular gland. The mucous retention cyst from parotid gland has been very rarely reported in the literature As the parotid gland is composed of serous acini, the serous saliva is less likely to produce the retention phenomenon in the ducts or extraductal tissue. Here, a case of mucous retention cyst in parotid gland was demonstrated The patient of this case has been complaining of recurrent swelling of right cheek in parotid gland a'rea, and showed a feature of chronic sialadenitis or benign salivary gland tumor. The extravasated serous saliva was diffusely dispersed into the adjacent connective tissue, forming an ill-defined cyst cavity with hyalinized sclerotic luminal surface The inflammatory reaction was relatively mild compared to the extensive destruction of periglandular connective tissue However, the typical foamy macrophage was not seen but the infiltrated macrophages containing abundant eosi nophilic cytoplasm. The mucous retention phenomenon could be very rare in parotid gland, which is also easily distinguishable from chronic sialadenitis or benign tumor through path이ogical examination.

In order to develop a protective carrier scaffolder for the external usage of medical and hygienic materials, three essential protective elements existing in nature, i.e., algin, cellulose, and calcium phosphate apatite, were investigated. The algin is a main skeletal component of sea weeds, the cellulose is of vegetables, and the calcium phosphate apatite is of vertebral animals. In the present study we select the agarose which is a derivative from algin, the cellulose fiber obtained from skin of sea squirt, calcium oxide purified from shell powder, and tricalcium phosphate apatite purchased commercially. Consequently, the agarose-cellulose hybrid was made by the hydrogen bonds intermediating the calcium phosphate apatite between agarose and cellulose molecules. As the calcium phosphate apatite is formed by the addition of calcium hydroxide into tricalcium phosphate solution, we used calcium oxide to accelerate the hybridization between the agarose and calcium phosphate apatite and also between the cellulose and calcium phosphate apatite. In the phase contrast microscopic observation the agarose-cellulose hybrid showed more compact matrix structure than the mixture of agarose and cellulose. The agarose-cellulose hybrid showed increased storage modulus but decreased loss modulus in Rheometer test compared to those of the other materials tested in this study, representing that the agarose-cellulose hybrid has the highest elasticity among them and similar water capacity to agarose. The agarose-cellulose hybrid showed the strongest antimicrobial effect in bacteria killing assay than the other materials, and also it showed a potent blood clotting effect but no immunological hypersensitivity on the human skin. From the above results we presumed that the nobel material, agarose-cellulose hybrid, is a compact scaffolding matrix which has proper elasticity, high capacity to hold substrates, and antimicrobial and blood clotting property potent enough to carry the bio-medical and hygienic materials for external treatment safely.

35 peri-implantitis recently referred for 10 years showed four types of inflammatory lesions, such as mild granulomatous lesion(n=5), severe granulomatous lesion(n=4), severe inflammatory fibrous scar tissue(n=15), severe abscess formation(n=11). However, the inflammatory lesions were usually localized at the peri-implant area accompanying compensatory hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue. The fibrous scar and the necrotic abscess frequently occurred depend on the severity of inflammatory reaction. Among 30 cases of severe inflammatory lesions, only 2 cases involved condensing osteitis in adjacent alveolar bone. Thus, we suppose that the inflammatory progression of peri-implantitis could be partly inhibited by the hyperplastic fibrous stromal tissue stimulated by implant material. And more, the focal abscess formed around the implant can be easily drainaged through the fibrous tract of implant pathway, resulted in the chronic persistent inflammatory granulomatous lesion, that is contrast to the common socket granuloma after tooth extraction. However, depend on the degree of inflammatory reaction in the peri-implantitis the inflamed fibrous collagenous tissues, unregenerated graft materials, necrotic abscess and sequestra should be removed by surgical intervention and followed by antibiotic therapy, because the peri-implant tissue is as vivid as the normal periodontium for the inflammatory defense system. Therefore, we suggest that the inflammatory lesions of peri-implantitis be carefully treated to improve the prognosis for the following dental treatments

Ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor showed quite different tumorigenesis and prognosis , Besides theil‘ growth potential and histological features , there must be an essential diffcJ'cncc in gene expJ'ession profile between ameloblatoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor , The gene expression profiles we1'e compared by im munohi stochemi stry and immunoblot methods using different monoclonal and monospecific antibodies against on cogenes, growth factors, signaling molecules‘ matrix proteins, enzymes, Based on the immunohi stochemical find ings previously J'epo1'ted in the literature we found some di stinguishing feature of gene expressions 1'0 1' the tu mOl'igenesis between ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors , The hi s togeneti c and mol eculal' mechani sms of both tumors wiII be discussed

The fragile X mental retardation (FMR) syndrome is the largest source of inherited mental retardation. The syndrome is usually caused by the transcriptional silencing of fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR-1). An 18 years old male wascompla띠ing of multiple toαh missing and abnormal facial profùe, of which signs were matemally dominant in his family. In the C)π。gene디c analysis the pa디ent and his parents did not show any discontinuity in the long arm end of X chromosome, but in the PCR produαs targeω19 the CGG repeat sequence in the 5' untranslated region of FMR gene both the patient'’ s and his mother' s gDNAs produced a normal and an extra bands, sized about 400 and 800 bps, respectively, while the his father' s gDNA produced only one normal band, sized about 400 bps. 까1US ， we suppose that the pa디.ent has heterozygotic alleles of FMR gene inherited matemally, and that the patient s FMR gene was in a premutated state relevant to the dentofacial abnormalities.