우리나라에 축산물을 수출한 국가들이 2022년과 2023년 에 제출한 2019-2022년 국가별 잔류물질검사프로그램(NRP) 자료를 바탕으로 축산물 유형별, 국가별로 잔류허용기준 을 위반한 동물용의약품과 환경오염물질의 현황을 분석하 였다. 가장 많이 위반된 잔류물질은 네오마이신 2 4 1건, 페 니실린G 183건, 겐타마이신 151건, 세프티오퍼 113건, 니카 바진 103건 등이였고 축산물별로는 소고기, 돼지고기, 가 금육, 우유, 계란 등의 순서로 나타났다. 잔류 위반이 가 장 많았던 소고기에서는 페니실린G, 세프티오퍼, 플루니신 , 네오마이신, 벤질페니실린, 멜록시캄, 플로르페니콜, 질 파테롤 등 전염병 치료에 사용되는 항생제와 해열제 및 성장 촉진에 사용되는 동물용의약품이 주로 검출되었지만 , 돼지고기에서는 성장촉진을 목적으로 사용되는 락토파민 과 항생제인 독시사이클린, 클로람페니콜, 벤질페니실린, 난드롤론, 티오라실, 스트렙토마이신 및 임신 촉진에 사용 되는 호르몬이 가장 흔하게 검출된 것으로 나타났다. 가 금육에서는 콕시듐증 치료에 사용되는 항생제인 니카바진 이 가장 많이 위반되었으며, 스트렙토마이신, 아미노글리 코사이드 항생제, 벤질페니실린, 독시사이클린 및 기타 항 생제가 그 뒤를 이었다. 동물용의약품의 잔류 위반은 많 은 국가에서 보고되고 있으나, 다이옥신과 PCB와 같은 환 경오염 물질의 잔류는 주로 유럽 국가에서 보고되었다. 국 가별 잔류물질의 차이는 각국에서 사육되는 가축과 사육 관리 방식의 차이에 의한 것으로, 소고기의 잔류 수준이 높은 것은 소는 다른 동물에 비해 질병 발생 시 개체별로 치료되기 때문일 것으로 추정된다. 본 연구 결과는 수입 축산물의 안전성 확보를 위하여 국가별, 축산물별로 중점 적으로 검사가 필요한 물질을 제시함으로써 매년 실시하 는 수입 축산물 잔류물질검사를 보다 과학적이고 효율적 으로 수행할 수 있는 기반을 제공하였다.

최근 지구온난화로 인한 기후변화는 육상 및 해양 생태계에 다양한 영향을 미치고 있다. 농업생태계 역시 이들 생태계에 의존하고 있는 생물 및 인간에게 생물학적, 경제학적, 사회학적으로 다양한 영향을 주고 있다. 기후변화를 쉽게 감지할 수 있는 지표종은 기후변화에 비교적 민감하게 반응을 나타내기 때문에 농업생태계와 같은 경제 사회적 영향을 많이 받는 곳에서 다양하게 활용될 수 있다. 2017년 농업과학원에서는 농업생태계에서 기후변화에 따른 영향을 잘 나타낼 수 있는 식물과 무척처동물 30종을 지표종으로 선정하였다. 30종 중 나비목에 속하는 종으로는 배추흰나비(Pieris rapae), 남방노랑나비(Eurema mandarina), 노랑나비(Colias erate), 호랑나비(Papilio xuthus) 4종이다. 이 연구는 나비 지표종 중 농업생태계에서 가장 풍부하고 확인이 쉬운 배추흰나비를 대상으로 전남, 충북, 경기, 강원지역에서 4월부터 월 1-2회 모니터링을 실시하여 생물계절의 차이를 알아보았다. 조사는 각 지역에서 논과 밭, 산림 등을 포함하는 경로를 선정하여 30분간 이동하면서 좌우 5m내외 출현하는 나비를 조사하는 선 조사법을 실시하였다. 4월 이후부터 조사한 결과 전남에서는 4월초인 14째 주에 이미 많은 수가 관찰된 반면 충북, 경기 등지에선 15째 주 이후 관찰되기 시작하였다. 강원도에서는 6월 중순인 24째부터 관찰되어 위도별 출현 양상의 차이를 나타내었다. 9월말까지 관찰된 생활사 수는 전남에서는 5회, 경기도에서는 4-5회, 충북에서는 4회, 강원에서는 2회로 지역별 차이를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 농업생태계에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 배추흰나비가 위도별로 출현시기와 출현횟수를 달리하면서 나타나는 것을 통해 기후변화를 나타낼 수 있는 지표종으로 적절하다고 여겨지며 앞으로도 전국적으로 지속적인 모니터링을 통해 정밀한 출현양상과 미래 분포 변화 모델링 작업에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있는 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

The present study analyzes the role of Lactic Acid Bacteria Mixture (LBM) on improving rye silage quality. Rye of four different stages (Booting, Heading, Flowering, and Late flowering) was collected and silage was prepared. The nutrient profile analysis of experimental silage groups showed no significant changes between control and LBM inoculation. Interestingly, the pH of rye silage in LBM treatments showed significant reduction than control (p<0.05) in all stages of rye silage. However, lowest pH (3.69) resulted on booting stage among other stages of rye. Subsequently significant lactic acid production was noted in all stages of LBM inoculation than control. Conversely maximum lactic acid production of (5.33%DM) was noted at booting stage followed by (4.86%DM) in heading stage. Further the lactic acid bacterial (LAB) count in LBM inoculated group showed significant increase than control. Similarly, the silage of booting stage group registered maximum LAB population (63.7 ×106CFU/g) after that heading stage (32.3 ×106CFU/g). Further significant reduction in yeast growth and no fungal growth was noted in all LPM treatment groups. Hence, LBM inoculants could be a better additive for improving rye silage quality.

An importance of food allergen detection has been growing in food industry. Here, we developed a rapid and easy-to-use detection system for Ara h1, a major allergen in peanut, using gold nanoparticles and switchable linkers. The detection system was performed by two steps. In the first step, Ara h1 was mixed with various concentrations (0.2 - 1.0μg/mL) of biotinylated anti-Ara h1 antibody (i.e., switchable linker, SLs) solutions for 20 min. After mixing, streptavidin coated gold nanoparticle (Abs. 4.0) was added to the mixture solutions with agitation for10 min. Without Ara h1(control), the region of aggregation caused by quantitative relationship between SLs and gold nanoparticle was observed at more than 0.4 μg/mL of SLs. However, under presence of Ara h1, SLs covered with Ara h1 had less ability to react with gold nanoparticles than naked SLs. This resulted in a change of the quantitative relationship mentioned above, which led to shift of the aggregation region. When 10 nM and 40 nM of Ara h1 were added, the aggregation region was appeared from 0.5and 0.8 μg/mLof switchable linkers, respectively. Ara h1 in peanut sample was also detected with this system. 0.4 μg/mL of switchable linkers are mixed with serially diluted peanut extract solutions. As a result, the shift of the aggregation region was observed from undiluted extract to 10 -2 diluted solution. This system could be adapted to detect other harmful/useful bio materials in food.

Sesame is a major cooking oil crop in Korea. One of the primary problems in sesame cultivation is low healthy stand establishment due to the occurrence of seedling rot and damping-off resulting from a complex of soil-borne pathogens in the field. To address the problem, the bioformulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens M45 was prepared in powder form using clay and vermiculite, and was evaluated for its effect on biological control of soil-borne pathogens in sesame cultivation. In the petri dish trial, the emergence rate was overall good (> 92%) regardless of seeds being pelleted and/or M45-treated. In both pot and field trials containing disease-conducive soils, seed-pelleting substantially reduced emergence rate, whereas seed-pelleting with M45 significantly improved the emergence rate (> 26%). The emergence rate of sesame seeds treated with the strain M45 was greater than 30% regardless of seed pelletization. We also found that M45r colonized in the roots at the density of 1.6×105 cfu/g. With aid of the bioformulation, however, root colonization of the strain was significantly increased to 4.0×106 cfu/g. The powder formulation with strain M45 enhanced the rate of healthy stand establishment in disease-conducive soil. Therefore, bioformulation with strain M45 is a promising method to overcome problems associated with the successive cultivation of sesame.

This study examines the effects of different environments on the application of hemiplegia patients circuit balance training. Group 1 performed circuit balance training without any auditory intervention Group 2 performed training in noiseless environments and Group 3 performed training in white noise environments. First, among lower extremity muscular strength evaluation items, maximum activity time(MAT) was not significantly different(p>.05). Maximum muscle strength(MMS) increased significantly in Group 3(p<.01), there was no significant difference in MMS among the groups. Average muscle strength(AMS) indexes also significantly increased in Group 3(p<.01), there was no significant difference in AMS among the groups. Second, among balancing ability evaluation items, Berg's balance scale(BBS) scores significantly increased in all groups(p<.05), BBS scores were significantly difference among the groups. Based on the results, Group 1, 2 and Group 1, 3 showed significant increases (p<.05). Functional reach test(FRT) values significantly increased in Group 2, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in FRT values among the groups. Timed up and go(TUG) test values significantly decreased in Group 2, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in TUG test values among the groups. Third, among walking speed evaluation items, the time required to walk 10m significantly decreased in all groups(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in the values among the groups. Average walking speeds showed significant increases in Group 1, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in the values among the groups. Based on the results of this study, noise environments should be improved by either considering auditory interventions and noiseless environments, or by ensuring that white noise environments facilitate the enhancement of balancing ability.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in physique characteristics between the excellent domestic player groups in each sport player's, to prevent epidemiologic damage of musculoskeletal system and to provide fundamental data to improve performances for players. This study has performed for total 60 student players from Y University in Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, consists of 20 Kendo players, 20 Judo players and 20 Taekwondo players. We measured the length and circumference of arm, leg, body using Martin anthropometer to collect the data for 3 groups. There was significant difference in lower left arm length between player groups(p<.01), and Kendo players' right side femoral were longer than other 2 groups for leg length measurement(p<.01). Judo players' circumference for right/left stretched arm/bent upper arm were thicker than other 2 groups(p<.01). Taekwondo players' chest circumference were smaller than other 2 groups(p<.01), and Taekwondo players' right/left femoral circumference were thinner than other 2 groups(p<.05). From this study, it was found that there are physique characteristics differences between the Kendo, Judo and Taekwondo player groups. This indicates that repeated exercise for each sport player causes physique change, and it may cause epidemiologic damage of musculoskeletal system. It is recommended to perform balancing exercise prior to main exercise.

It is important to accelerate rooting and establishment of seedlings after transplanting for higher dry matter production and tuber yield in sweet potato cultivation. Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain some information about the effects of vine-cutting holding on rooting and plant growth after transplanting. Vines were cut 20-25cm long and stored for 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 days in a shade room at 20~pm 0.5~circC , RH 68~pm,/TEX>1%. Peroxidase activity in the vine cuttings increased as the holding period increased and the highest catalase activity was detected in the 5-day holding. Length of main vine, number of branches and nodes on main vine also increased in the 5-day holding. There was little difference in the diameter of main vine among the various holding periods. The data obtained indicate that transplanting of vine cuttings after 5-day holding could promote rooting and vine growth