Haemaphysalis longicornis is a major vector for Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) throughout Republic of Korea (ROK). The ticks distribute at vast open fields and various kind of habitate. Control of the ticks with pesticides is almost impossible and personal protection such as use of commercial repellents is very critical for control. However occasional toxic effects of the commercial repellents have been reported that include central nervous system depression and urticaria. In our studies, repellency of three plant essential oils was assessed and was compared with two commercial repellents. Lavendual angustifolia demonstrated the highest repellency and higher repellency than DEET when was individually tested, but binary mixture of Cinnamomum zeylinicam and Juniperus verginiana showed significantly higher repellency with synergic effects than mixture of Lavendula angustifolia and Juniperus verginiana. Further study on repellency of the C. zelinicam in field need.

Previous laboratory repellent assessment with three plant essential oils against Haemaphysalis longicornis, a major vector for Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, revealed high repellency of Lavendual angustifolia and high synergic effects of Cinnamomum zeylinicam and Juniperus verginiana. Based on the previous laboratory repellent assessment field studies on repellency of the three plant oils were carried out with formulations such as cream type and spray type. 10% spray type of Cinnamomum zeylinicam demonstrated > 70% of repellency against H. longicornis. 10% spray type of Lavendual angustifolia showed > 80% of repellency. 10% spray type of binary mixture containing Cinnnamomum zeylinicam and Juniperus verginiana showed > 98% repellency against H. longicornis. Further studies on repellency of cream type of the plant oils might be carried out and compared with two commercial repellents.

Control of the vector mosquitoes is critical for implementation of patient’s decrease. Vector mosquito control has been mainly carried out using pesticides in Republic of Korea (ROK), which has developed the resistance against selected insecticides. Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) and Acethylcholine esterase (AchE) are the target of several classes of insecticides. Genetic mutations of VGSC and AchE have been documented to confer resistances to pyrethroids and organophosphates in mosquitoes, respectively. In our studies, the insecticidal resistable level of An. sinensis from four malaria risk areas near Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) was measured. The partial sequence of An. sinensis voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) IIS6 domain for Kdr gene and ace1 gene for AchE was sequenced. An. sinensis from two areas demonstrated significantly higher resistance to pyrethroids and mutation rates of Kdr gene were comparatively higher. In all tested areas An. sinensis showed high insecticidal resistance to organophosphates and > 70% of mutation rates of ace1 gene ware higher. Understanding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance among vector mosquitoes populations is very important to efficient and effective vector control.

Population density of Culex tritaeniorhynchus was annually monitored to predict the possibility of a Japanese encephalitis (JE) outbreak at 10 collection sites throughout Republic of Korea (ROK) during mosquito season from 2011 to 2015. Prevalence of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in ROK was spatially and timely very variable and was significantly highest at Busan city during August. Monthly average population density of Cx. tritaeniorhychus showed high correlation to the monthly average daily average temperature and monthly average precipitation. Two models for the estimation of occurrence of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus based on annual monthly daily average temperature and monthly precipitation are shown with linear regression equations of exp(0.413×temperature-0.949) and exp(0.01258×precipitation+3.777). JE vector surveillance and vector control is warranted as part of an effective JE management program at ROK.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an ongoing global public health emergency with 74 countries (Sep. 19 2016) and territories reporting evidence of ZIKV transmission since 2015. Total 14 cases of Zika have been reported since January 2016 and all cases have been suspected as infections by mosquito bite on overseas. Vector control strategy of comprehensive national Zika control strategies will be presented on this presentation. To efficiently control Ae. albopictus when Zika inflow into ROK, nine ministers of government held on Zika countermeasure meeting, checked preparatory attitudes and assigned roles of each minster for Zika control. Korea guidelines for Ae. albopictus control were distributed to local governments and related ministers of government and vector control agents in all local government were educated by vector control experts. To block transmission of Zika virus by mosquito bite from overseas travel-associated patients Zika patients in ROK, vector monitoring and control were carried out at surroundings near residences of patients and decreased vector population density.

Even though klotho deficiency in mice exhibits multiple aging-like phenotypes, studies using large animal models such as pigs, which have many similarities to humans, have been limited due to the absence of cell lines or animal models. The objective of this study was to generate homozygous klotho knockout porcine cell lines and cloned embryos. A CRISPR sgRNA specific for the klotho gene was designed and sgRNA (targeting exon 3 of klotho) and Cas9 RNPs were transfected into porcine fibroblasts. The transfected fibroblasts were then used for single cell colony formation and 9 single cell–derived colonies were established. In a T7 endonuclease I mutation assay, 5 colonies (#3, #4, #5, #7 and #9) were confirmed as mutated. These 5 colonies were subsequently analyzed by deep sequencing for determination of homozygous mutated colonies and 4 (#3, #4, #5 and #9) from 5 colonies contained homozygous modifications. Somatic cell nuclear transfer was performed to generate homozygous klotho knockout cloned embryos by using one homozygous mutation colony (#9); the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were 72.0% and 8.3%, respectively. Two cloned embryos derived from a homozygous klotho knockout cell line (#9) were subjected to deep sequencing and they showed the same mutation pattern as the donor cell line. In conclusion, we produced homozygous klotho knockout porcine embryos cloned from genome-edited porcine fibroblasts.

It’s a time we prepare for a reparation agenda for Jeju 4.3 victims and their families. We should approach the USA government side collectively rather than individually for their lawsuits, because most of them are elderly, over 75 years old and need intensive medical care and assistance immediately. It’s up for us to recognize some tasks of actualizing Reparation, Reconciliation and Reconnection Agenda for “Environmentally Sustainable Peace Island” beyond Trauma of the Jeju 4.3 Grand Tragedy into the next Decade.

Aster glehni Franchet et Schmidt is a compositae plant and has been known as a native specie in Ulleung Island, Korea. It is officially recognized as a regional specialty that grows only in this region. In 2014, brown and dark spots were observed on aster leaves in a forest research field, Jinju, Korea. A causal agent was isolated from the disease symptomatic leaves and identified as fungus Alternaria solani. Fungal morphological characteristics and molecular identification with internal transcribed spacer sequences were synchronized as A. solani. The isolated fungi reproduced the same disease symptoms when the fungus was artificially inoculated on healthy aster leaves. This is the first report that A. solani caused leaf blight disease in Aster glehni in Korea.

According to the environmental management literature, firms can realize significant cost advantage relative to competitors and improve their competitive position by implementing certain "Environmental Management Practices"(EMPs) (Hart, 1995; Shrivastava, 1995b; Christmann, 2000). Although EMPs is importance and prevailing presence, little attention has been paid to understand the drivers and outcomes of EMPs in the context of international buyer-supplier relationships. This study attempts to increase the understanding of how isomorphism pressures and organizational cultures influence the EMPs, which in turn enhance supplier’s competitive advantage in the context of international buyer-supplier relationships.

The discovery of various activities of natural plants has increased interest in halophytes. Suaeda australis and S. maritime are perennial halophytes that belong to the Chenopodiaceae family. Extracts of S. australis and S. maritime plants were investigated for concentration and time-dependent antibacterial and antioxidant activities using bacterial species and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, respectively, as well as total phenolic content. The S. australis extract (500 μg/mL) showed activity against all the bacterial species including P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, A. baumannii, and VRE with 61.1, 42.3, 44.49, and 40.38%, respectively, inhibition and suppressed of these four species for 12 h. Overall, the S. australis extract showed marked antibacterial activities while, in contrast, the S. maritime extract had excellent antioxidant effects. However, the effects of the two extracts were much lower than that of quercetin. The present study identified antibacterial activities of S. australis, and it would be necessary to perform further phytochemical studies of S. australis.

The squid Todarodes pacificus is a commercially important fishery species in East Asia. As East Asians consume raw or lightly cooked squids, there has been growing concern about parasitic infections associated with squid consumption. In the current study, five squids caught in the East Sea were sampled for parasitological research from the biggest fishery market in Seoul, Republic of Korea. They were dissected and examined for parasites using a light microscope. Proteocephalus sp. was isolated and identified using field emission scanning electron microscopy, PCR, and sequencing. Given that Proteocephalus spp. can be affected by water temperature and geographical characteristics, further research on Proteocephalus spp. with respect to changes in water temperature in the East Sea is important.

미꾸라지에서의 Nitrofuran계 대사물질인3-amino-2-oxazolidone (AOZ), 5-morpholinomethyl-3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 1-ammino-hydantoin (AHD)와 semicarbazide (SEM)의 잔류량을 검사하기 위해HPLC-MS/MS를 이용한 신속한 정량법이 개발되었다. 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (2-NBA)를 이용해 50℃에서 1시간 동안 산 가수분해와 유도체화 과정을 거친 뒤에, 액-액 분배로 정제와 추출을 하였다. 회수율은 음성시료에 3가지 농도 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 μg/kg의 표준액을 첨가하여 평가하였고 평균 회수율은 75.1-108.1% 이었다. 정밀성(%RSD)은 일내 8.7% 이하, 일간 8.5% 이하였다. 직선성은 NBAOZ는 0.2-20 μg/Kg, NBAMOZ는 0.8-20 μg/Kg, NBAHD는 0.2-20 μg/Kg, NBSEM 는 0.1-20 μg/Kg 범위에서 모두 상관계수 0.99이상이었다. 검출한계(LOD)는 NBAOZ 0.06 μg/Kg, NBAMOZ 0.24 μg/Kg, NBAHD 0.06 μg/Kg, NBSEM 0.03 μg/Kg이었고, 정량한계(LOQ)는 NBAOZ 0.2 μg/Kg, NBAMOZ 0.8 μg/Kg, NBAHD 0.2 μg/Kg, NBSEM 0.1 μg/Kg 이었다. 가수분해 및 유도체화 소요시간을 1시간으로 줄여 만든 신속 간편한 이 시험법이미꾸라지 중 nitrofuran metabolites잔류량 분석에 적합함을 확인할 수 있었다.

The major limiting factor of the reproductive performance on many farms is the failure to detect estrus in a timely and accurate manner. The estrus detection for Hanwoo cows (Bos taurus coreanea) is generally performed by the visual observation which is estimated at about 40% detection rate only. This recurring problem among farmers has motivated the development of various estrus detection aids. The mounting event duration threshold, standing heat event frequency threshold, estrus detection algorithm and so on, are necessarily needed in order to detect the estrus of Hanwoo cows accurately when using some automatic devices. However, they are not yet investigated for Hanwoo cows. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a mounting event duration threshold and standing heat event frequency threshold more specifically for Hanwoo breed by discriminating the duration of standing heat mounting from shorter duration spurious mountings which routinely occur in cattle herds. One hundred and fifty Hanwoo cows with an age between 2 to 5 years were used in this study. Cows that were expected to come into estrus within 3days were randomly assigned to each compartment for the estrus group (EG). The heated cows were video recorded for about 24 hours until after post estrus. The results showed that Hanwoo cows can be considered on estrus when it stand immobile during mounted by any other cow in more than or equal to 3.15s and 3.22s in chest-tail head mount (CTM) and head-above back mount (HBM) and that occurs consecutively at least three times within 876.4s interval. The algorithm was also developed using the thresholds of the mount duration, mount interval and consecutive occurrence number.

Introduction Why should we study marketing management processes in social network platforms? Today’s rapidly growing creative companies must adopt social network platforms. Indeed, the “twenty-first century’s wealth comes from platforms” Thus “those who possess platforms dominate the wealth of the future” (Hirano & Hagiu, 2010). After the Lehman Brothers-initiated financial crisis, companies began developing platform strategies as a cutting-edge management method for assuring consistent and stable growth. Platform strategies call for gathering relevant groups of people together in a network that then creates new business. (Hirano & Hagiu, 2010) In this study, we study a social network platform to show how marketing management processes can be applied to social network platforms. Literature Review Social Network Platforms In recent years, social network platform sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and KakaoTalk have evolved to bring people together online. Social network services (SNS) are rapidly infiltrating daily lives and facilitating communications among people by means of computers (Correa et al., 2010; Powell, 2009). Users reside at the center of social platforms where they can socialize and express a wide range of behaviors. As a force for change, social platforms are influencing marketing strategies as well. Advertising has been traditionally one-way communication from company to customers through public media and portal sites. Recently, the paradigm has changed (Yeo, 2014): companies establish relationship with customers through social platforms that allow them to talk with customers directly, exchange opinions, and share ideas. As a result, large-scale corporations, mid-sized/small companies, and one-owner companies have turned their attention to social platforms (Jhun, 2013). Moreover, the revolutionary wave has affected such diverse areas as politics, economics, society, culture, and environmental causes. Researchers have responded to social platform developments with studies that deal with concept, construction, policy, development, spatial information, social platforms, and governmental roles (Choi et al., 2012), and that deal with social platform’s social influences and future directions (Lee & Jung, 2011). Researchers have studied functions and utilization of social platform using web services and policies to support collaborative research (Pignotti & Edwards, 2012), sharing shopping information (Der Ho et al., 2010), customer engagement (Cheung, Lee, & Jin, 2011), and senior social platforms (Farkas, 2010). Social platforms emerged so recently that academic studies have failed to keep up with the urgent need to study the phenomena realistically (Yeo, 2013). Method In this study, we analyze phase 1 secretary platform by Cybermoon Co., Ltd., which has four main functions: Product name: On-Secretary PlatformCore Services ● Phase 1. Assistant Service ● Phase 2. Vision Maker Service ● Phase 3. Collaboration and Sharing Service ● Phase 4. Social Sales Service ● Phase 5 Assistant Call Center Service Objective On-Secretary Platform aims to yield optimized productivity by offering secretary functions to experts working for one person-companies, small-scale companies, or small traders. - Next generation SNS-based social secretary management service uses Twitter and Facebook. - Online and offline secretary management service grows with users and assists them with every aspect of their lives. - Service dispatches 90,000 online secretaries and 10,000 offline secretaries to assist clients. Target Market - General customers: individuals who want to establish businesses. - Businesspersons: presidents of one-person or small companies, and the self-employed - Experts: consultants, coaching specialists, lawyers, and professors - Public organizations such as job-search organizations, business creation support organizations, infrastructure-expansion organizations, education centers for the unemployed, social education centers, education for retired people, and lifelong learning centers. Customer Value Proposition - Survey and analysis on the services needed by single entrepreneurs. - Survey and analysis of services needed by potential entrepreneurs. - Survey and analysis of services needed by experts. - Survey and analysis of services needed by public organizations. Assets and competition - 20-years of developing IT business services and operational systems - Patents for core techniques and experts with development abilities Functional strategies and programs - Secretary function: selection of AI (artificial intelligence)-type character and growth by consistent learning - Chatting function: task reporting via letters, voices, and holograms - Program: cloud-based social platform service - Service method: online service and offline call-center service. Marketing Mix(Richard & Colin, 1992) Figure 1. Managing Marketing Strategies and the Marketing Mix SWOT Analysis Figure 2. SWOT Analysis Contribution of this research ● Academic contributions This study could contribute to understanding diverse applications and developing theory regarding platforms to help to consolidate theoretical fundamentals regarding marketing management processes for using platforms. Finding various marketing methods and studying their relationship would contribute to future platform-based management strategy. ● Practical contribution This study could help companies, governments, society, and individuals efficiently utilize marketing management processes when using platforms for continuous growth and progress.

The sexual maturation occurred by the changes of steroid hormones was known to sex-dependently and/or agedependently regulate the lipid metabolism in various animal species. Our current study demonstrates that lipid and its functional fatty acids can be changed depending on the status of sexual maturation. Of the functional fatty acids, γ- linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n-6) is an important factor for maintaining human health. The purpose of our study was to investigate the level of GLA in mice with different stages of sexual maturation. To this end, the longissimus muscle (LM) of immature (3-week-old) and mature (7-week-old) female mice was analysed for the fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. Furthermore, both gene and protein level of Δ6 desaturase (FADS2) which is involved in GLA metabolism by real time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Mature females showed greater (P<0.05) serum 17β -estradiol (E2) level and LM GLA contents than immature group. The mRNA and protein levels of FADS2, which converts precursor linoleic acid into GLA, were higher (P<0.05) in mature female mice than in immature mice. In conclusion, these results show that sexual maturation of female mice induces GLA and FADS2 contents in LM.