This study was conducted, using 10 high-quality rice varieties, at 24 experimental sites in 2013 and 2014 to analyze the comparative relationship among head rice yield (HRY), its attributes and sub-attributes. In the data set pooled across sites, years and varieties, where regional and varietal variations were combined, HRY was associated with milled rice yield (MRY) more closely than percentage of head rice (PHR) although both MRY and HRY demonstrated significant relationship with HRY. In the PHR higher than 80%, compared to 80% or less, fitness of the regression between PHR and HRY decreased. MRY and PHR, the two attributes of HRY, were not significantly associated with each other. Regional variation of HRY was associated only with MRY while varietal variation of HRY was related to both MRY and PHR. HRY and MRY showed regional variation greater than varietal variation meanwhile PHR demonstrated regional and varietal variations in a similar range. In the data set pooled across sites, years and varieties, MRY demonstrated relationship with spikelets per square meter (SPIK) in a higher significance than percentage of grain filling (PGF) and 1000-brown rice weight (TBRW). Both regional and varietal variations of MRY showed significant relationship only with SPIK, neitherwith PGF nor TBRW. It is concluded that regional variation of HRY was affected by MRY, varietal variation by both MRY and PHR, and region-variety combined variation mainly by MRY.

‘Daanok’, a new maize F1 hybrid (Zea mays L.), is developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2013. The high-yielding hybrid, named ‘Daanok’ was bred by crossing between two inbred lines, ‘KS174’ and ‘KS175’. It is a yellow semi-flint maize hybrid (Zea mays L.). After preliminary yield trial and advanced yield trial of Daanok in Suwon for two years, regional yield trial of that was subsequently carried out for evaluation of its growth and yield at three different locations from 2011 to 2013. The silking date of Daanok is earlier than that of the check hybrid, ‘Jangdaok’. The plant height of Daanok is 229cm, similar to Jangdaok, and its ear height ratio is similar with that of Jangdaok. It has resistance to lodging. There are much of the No. of ear per 100 plants. The ear length of Daanok is similar with that of Jangdaok. The weight of 100 seeds of Daanok is the same with that of Jangdaok. It has strong resistance to northern leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) and southern leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis). It has strong resistance to ear lot. It has moderate resistance to corn borer. The grain yield (7.34 ton/ha) of Daanok was 23% higher than that of Jangdaok. The seed production of Daanok has gone well due to a good synchronization of flowering period during crossing between the seed parent, KS174, and the pollen parent, KS175, in Yeongwol and F1 seed yield was 2.38 ton/ha. Daanok would be a suitable cultivar to all plain area in Korea.

The AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) and GGE (genotype main effect and genotype by environment interaction) biplot which were accounted for a substantial part of total sum of square in the analysis of variance suggested to be more appropriate models for explaining G x E interaction. The grain yield of total ten sesame genotypes was significantly affected by environment which explained 61% of total variation, whereas genotype and genotype x environment interaction (G x E) were explained 16%, 24% respectively. From the results of experiment, three genotypes Miryang49, Koppoom and Ansan were unstable, whereas other three genotypes Kyeongbuk18, Miryang50 and Kanghuk which were shorter projections to AEA ordinate were relatively stable over the environments. Yangbak which was closeness to the mean yield and short projection of the genotype marker lines was regarded as genotype indicating good performance with stability. Ansan, Miryang48 and Yangbaek showed the best performance in the environments of Naju, Suwon, Iksan and Andong. Similarly, genotype Miyrang47 exhibited the best performance in the environments of Chuncheon and Miryang. Andong is the closest to the ideal environment, and therefore, is the most desirable among eight environments.

하얀찰95는 2011년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 개발한 단교잡종 찰옥수수로 이삭의 색깔은 흰색이며 자식계통 KW44를 종자친으로 하고 KW35를 화분친으로 한다. 하얀찰95의 출사일수는 일미찰(표준품종)보다 3일정도 빠르고 하얀찰95의 이삭길이는 18.3 cm, 이삭직경은 4.1 cm였으며 착립장률은 90%로 일미찰보다 낮은 수준이었다. 아밀로펙틴함량은 92%로 일미찰과 동일한 수준이었고 조명나방과 도복은 표준품종보다 우수하였다. 2009년부터 2011년까지 지역적응시험에서 하얀찰95의 단위면적당 이삭수는 일미찰과 유사하였지만 이삭중은 낮았으며 채종시험결과 종자친과 화분친간 개화기는 잘 일치하였지만 채종량은 낮았다.

Relationship between grain quality-related traits and daily mean temperature/sunshine hours during grain filling stage was analyzed using eleven high quality rice varieties at 24 experimental sites through eight provinces of Korea in 2013~2014. In the data set pooled across varieties, experimental sites and years, grain quality-related traits such as percentage of head rice (PHR), head rice yield (HRY), protein in milled rice (PRO) and Toyo Mido Meter glossiness value (TGV) were higher at the temperature lower than 22.6℃ for 40 days after flowering (DAF), which was optimum for percentage of grain filling in this study. Optimum sunshine hours for 40 DAF were 6.0~6.1 hr d -1 when considered PHR, HRY and TGV. PRO was associated with daily mean temperature and sunshine hours for 40 DAF in more varieties than the other traits. PRO was closely correlated with daily mean temperature during early filling stage and sunshine hours during early to mid filling stage, compared to other stages during grain filling. It is concluded that general trend in the variation of grain quality-related traits could be explained by the changes in daily mean temperature and sunshine hours during grain filling. In addition, climate conditions during early grain filling stage played important roles to enhance grain quality.

고당옥은 2011년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 개발한 단교잡종 단옥수수로 이삭의 색깔은 노란색이며 자식계통KSE5를 종자친으로 하고 KSE19를 화분친으로 한다. 고당옥의 출사일수는 표준품종(단옥3호)보다 3일 정도 늦었고 고당옥의 이삭길이는 17.6 cm, 이삭직경은 4.4 cm였으며 착립장률은 87.1%로 표준품종과 유사하였다. 그러나 당도는 24.3 °Bx로 표준품종 14.1 °Bx보다 높았고 내도복성도 표준품종보다 우수하였다. 2009년부터 2011년까지 지역적응시험에서 고당옥의 단위면적당 이삭수와 이삭중은 표준품종과 유사하였으며 채종시험결과 종자친과 화분친간 개화기가 잘 일치하였다.

본 연구에서는 단옥수수 주요 품종인 고당옥과 구슬옥을 재배하여 고품질 단옥수수 생산 재배법을 보급하기 위한 기 초자료를 제공하고자 종실의 등숙 중 이화학적 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 파종시기와 관계없이 등숙이 진행됨에 따라 수 분 함량은 감소하고, 종실 100립의 생중과 건중은 증가하였 고(p<0.05), 파종시기가 늦어질수록 100립중의 증가 속도는 느려졌다. 종실의 조단백과 조회분 함량은 출사 후 일수가 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 조지방 함량은 유 의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 단옥수수 종실의 총 유리당 함 량은 파종시기와 관계없이 출사 후 일수가 경과함에 따라 유의하게 감소하였으나(p<0.05), 유리당을 구성하는 fructose, glucose, sucrose와 maltose의 조성은 파종시기에 따라 차이를 보였으며 그 중 sucrose가 대부분을 차지하고 있었다. 종 실의 전분 함량과 경도는 출사 후 일수가 경과함에 따라 유 의하게 증가하는 경향을 보였으며(p<0.05), 전분 함량의 증 가 속도 역시 100립중과 마찬가지로 파종이 늦어질수록 느 려지는 경향을 보였다. 수확 적기의 종실 수분함량은 68~ 69% 정도였으며, 전분 함량은 7월 10일 파종이 가장 높았 고 7월 30일 파종이 가장 낮았다. 적기에 수확한 단옥수수 의 단맛을 비교한 결과 고당옥은 4월 10일 파종한 것에 비 해 7월 20일, 7월 30일 파종이 약 1.8배와 1.4배 단맛이 높 은 반면 구슬옥은 파종시기와 상관없이 단맛의 정도가 비슷 하였다.

‘구슬옥’(수원단55호)은 자식계통 KSE19를 종자친으로 하 고 KSE7를 화분친으로 하여 교잡된 단옥수수 단교잡종으로 Sugary enhancer (se) 인자를 가지고 있어 당도가 높고 옥수 수 립의 색은 흰색과 노란색, 두 가지색을 나타낸다. ‘구슬옥’ 은 2005년 생산력검정시험을 거쳐, 2007년부터 2009년까지 3년 동안 전국 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 그 우수성이 인정되어 2009년 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정 되었다. ‘구슬옥’의 출사일수는 65일로 조생종에 속하며 이삭 길이가 18.0 cm로 대조군인 ‘GCB70’과 비슷하다. ‘구슬옥’ 은 당도가 20.5%로 ‘GCB70’보다 높으며 경도가 낮아 씹힘 성이 부드러우며 전체적 기호도가 우수하였다. ‘구슬옥’은 깨씨무늬병, 조명나방, 도복에 강하였다. ‘구슬옥’의 ha당 이삭 수는 ‘GCB70’보다 많지만 이삭중은 비슷하였다. ‘구슬옥’의 모본 출사기와 부본의 화분 비산기간이 잘 일치하였으며 채 종량은 재식비율 모, 부본 2:1에서 1.39 ton/ha, 3:1에서 1.43 ton/ha이였다.

콩의 수량은 건물생산성에 비해 고온에 민감하게 반응하는 하는 형질로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 등숙기 고온이 종실의 발달, 품질특성 및 수분흡수특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 수행하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과같다.1. 등숙온도가 높을수록 백립중은 감소되었는데, 황금콩은 선유콩에 비해 감소폭이 컸고, 등숙기 지속적인 고온은 종실비대를 억제시켜 소립종의 비율이 증가될 뿐만 아니라 종피율을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.2. 등숙온도가 높을수록 지방 함량 및 C/N율이 감소되고,단백질 및 총당 함량이 증가되었으나 당의 조성으로볼 때 단당류와 이당류는 증가되고 올리고당류는 오히려 감소되는 것으로 나타나 고온은 동화물질의 축적을억제시키는 것으로 판단되었다.3. 고온에서 등숙된 콩은 침지초기에 부피 및 무게의 증가가 비교적 빠르게 이루어졌으나 침지시간이 경과됨에 따라 대조구에 비해 부피 및 무게증가율이 모두 낮게 나타났고, 황금콩은 선유콩에 비해 침지에 따른 부피증가율 및 무게증가율이 상대적으로 낮았다.4. 콩의 백립중과 종피율은 침지에 따른 종실의 부피 및무게증가율뿐만 아니라 용출액의 TDS와 EC에 영향을 미치는 주요 형질로 판단되었고, 단백질 함량과C/N율은 TDS 및 EC와 유의한 상관을 보였으나, 당함량은 부피증가율과 무게증가율뿐만 아니라 TDS 및EC와 상관이 인정되지 않았다.5. 따라서 등숙온도가 높을수록 종실에 동화물질의 축적이 불완전하게 이루어져 침지에 따른 가용성 고형물의용출량이 많아지고, 결과적으로 TDS 및 EC가 높아지는 것으로 판단되었다.

This experiment was carried out to examine ecological response and soybean quality as affected by environmental cultivation for producing high seed quality in domestic soybean variety. The results are as follows: Under equal cumulative temperature condition, soybean plants grown in Muju showed longer days to flowering, which was an effect of the long day-length on high latitudes, and longer duration of reproductive stage as a result of low temperature within that period. Considering apparent seed quality, 100 seed weight of soybeans grown in Muju was heavier than Miryang. Ratio of seed crack and disease-damaged seeds was lower in Muju, and these parameters decreases as planting was delayed. The protein contents did not show significant difference in terms of altitude and planting date, however, crude oil contents were higher in Miryang. An opposite trend was observed in C18:1 and C18:3. In the fatty acid composition, the proportion of C18:1 decreased as seeding date was delayed, and was higher in Miryang. Opposite observations were obtained from C18:3. The anthocyanin contents were highest on June 10 planting and higher in Muju than in Miryang. Isoflavone content was higher as seeding date was delayed and is similar accross seeding dates in Muju. As a summary, for high seed quality production the optimum planting date was June 10, and Muju was more suitable region than Miryang.

This study was carried out to classify Korean soybean varieties base on maturity group (MG) and to find character relationships according to planting date for high quality soybean seed production adapted to early season cultivation environment of Miryang. Results of maturity grouping of Korean soybean varieties showed that Keunol (3 cultivars), belonged to Group 0; Seonnok and Danmi in Group II, Shinrok in Group III, Seonyu (17 cultivars), in Group IV, Taekwang (44 cultivars) in Group V, Daewon (25 cultivars) in Group VI, and Kwangdu and Keumdu in Group VII. Agronomic characteristics of 100 soybean varieties were compared based on MG, cultivation year and seeding date. Soybean varieties belonging to the MG VI~VII showed longer days to flowering and growth period, high lodging density and higher yield. Seed quality analysis revealed that as maturity was delayed, seed weight becomes heavier while seed cracks become abundant. In addition, occurrence of purple seed and phomopsis were higher in MG 0~III . Protein content was higher in MG 0~III , and isoflavone content was higher as maturity was delayed. On the other hand, lipid content was generally similar across MGs. Correlation analysis of major agronomic characters showed positive relationships between days to flowering and growth days, seed weight and lodging in MG IV~V , seed crack and growth days in MG 0~III , seed crack and days to flowering in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , seed crack and lodging in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , seed crack and seed weight in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , purple seed and growth days in MG IV~V , purple seed and seed weight in MG VI~VII , phomopsis and growth days in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , and phomopsis and purple seed in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII . In contrast, a negative relationship was observed between seed weight and lodging in MG 0~III . Correlating yield and major characters revealed negative relationships between days to flowering and growth days in MG 0~III and MG IV~V , whereas positive relationships were obtained on MG VI~VII seeded on April 30. Lodging, seed weight and seed crack were all negatively correlated with yield in the MG IV~V and MG VI~VII . Soybean cultivars identified as adaptable to early season planting for production of high quality soy curd and fermented soybean paste were Seonyu, Kwangdu, and Soho while those suited for the manufacture of soybean sprouts were Sobaeknanul, Kwangan, Sowon, and Bosuk. Geomjeong 2 chosen as best for mixing with rice.

This experiment was carried out to examine seed quality as affected by enviromental cutivation for the production of high quality domestic soybean variety at Miryang (altitude : 12m) and Muju(altitude : 600m). Variety used were Daewon, Daepung, Daol and Cheongja 3. Seeding was performed on April 30 to June 30 and planting density was 142,857 palnts/ha. Seed weight across regions was lighter as seeding date was delayed. Opposite trends between seed crack and seed weight was obtained. Seed crack decreased as seeding date was delayed and have higher occurrence in Miryang than in Muju. Perple seed and phomopsis decayed seed decreased as seeding date was delayed. There was a significant negative correlation between seed weight and mean temperature from R2 to R4 stages in all variety. Seed weight increased as mean temperature from R2 to R4 stage decreased to 22.0℃, which was greatly manifested on Daewon variety. At maturity time, Daewon variety had an average increase of 1.79g as mean temperature decreased by 1℃. Seed weight of Daewon obtained a significant negative correlation with mean temperature at R4～R6 stage and on rainfall at R4～R6 stage. Mean temperature and rainfall were able to estimate 100 seed weight of Daewon and Daepung variety with 98.1% and 96.6% probability, respectively. Phomopsis occurrence in late maturity type was closely related to rainfall during the R4～R6 stages.

This study was carried out to obtain general agronomic characteristics and identify its relationship with seeding date for high quality soybean seed production. One hundred(100) domestic soybean varieties were used and seeding date were scheduled at April 30 and May 30. This experiment was carried out at YARI, NICE situated at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Maturity Group(MG) was classified by Kweon et al's method (1974). Correlation analysis of major agronomic characters showed positive relationship between days to flowering and growth days, seed weight and lodging in MG ,seed crack and growth days in Ⅳ～Ⅴ MG0～Ⅲ,seed crack and days to flowering in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, seed crack and lodging in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, seed crack and seed weight in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, purple seed and growth days in MGⅣ～Ⅴ , purple seed and seed weight in MGⅥ～Ⅶ, phomopsis and growth days in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, and phomopsis and purple seed in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ. In contrast, a negative relationship was observed between seed weight and lodging in MG0～Ⅲ. Correlating yield and major characters revealed negative relationship between days to flowering and growth days in MG0～Ⅲ and MGⅣ～Ⅴ, whereas positive relationships were obtained on MGⅥ～Ⅶ seeded on April 30. Lodging, seed weight and seed crack were all negatively correlated with yield in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ

This study was carried out to classify Korean soybean varieties based maturity group. One hundred (100) domestic soybean varieties ( 56 for fermentation, 26 for sprouting, 17 for mixed with rice) were used and seeding date was scheduled at April 30. This experiment carried out at Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, NICE situated at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Classification of maturity group in 100 soybeans was followed by Kweon et al's method (1974) The main difference between this experiment and that of Kweon et al's method (1974) were the planting region and planting date. This experiment was conducted on April 30 at Miryang while Kweon et al. was conducted on May 23 in Seoul. Results of maturity grouping of Korean soybean varieties showed that Keunol, which was represented among 3 varieties, belonged to Group 0, Seonnok and Danmi in GroupⅡ, Shinrok in GroupⅢ, Seonyu, represented by 17 cultivars, in GroupⅣ, Taekwang, having 44 cultivars in GroupⅤ, Daewon, represented by 25 cultivars in GroupⅥ, and Kwangdu and Keumdu in GroupⅦ.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of drought stress during the pod developing and seed filling stage on source-sink relationships of soybean (Glycine max). Drought treatments were imposed by withholding water at the full-pod stage, 19 days after flowering, and then limited watering was relieved at 15 days after the initiation of drought treatment. Soybean seed yield was reduced by 39% mainly due to decreased pod number under drought stress, but the 100-seed weight was relatively less reduced. In spite of the 15-day drought during the full-pod stage, soybean produced good seeds showing similar l00-seed weight, protein, starch and soluble sugar content to those from the well-watered. Although drought during the full-pod stage caused source limitations; i.e. accelerated leaf senescence and reduced leaf soluble sugars, it did not cause limitations of other source characteristics such as SGR and leaf starch level. This is because the reduction in size of sinks, such as pod and seed abortions compensated for source limitations, resulting in balanced source-sink as expressed by LAR and the ratio of leaf area to seed dry weight. Drought stress during the pod developing and seed filling stage did not disrupt the source-sink balance