본 연구는 거리화단 화훼경관 조성 전·후의 스트레스 변화 를 알아보기 위하여, 순창 소재의 경찰관 총 18명을 대상으로 타액 채취 및 설문조사를 실시하였다. 생리 측정은 타액 코르 티솔, 혈압, 심리 측정은 식물 재배 활동 수준, 스트레스수준, 거리화단 화훼경관에 대한 간이 SD 감성을 측정하였다. 타액 코르티솔, 혈압의 사전/후 비교는 대응표본 t-test, 타액 코르 티솔, 혈압의 성별에 따른 집단간 사전/후 비교는, 독립표본 t-test, 스트레스수준, 간이 SD는 윌콕슨 부호 순위 검정 등으 로 분석하였다. 화훼경관 조성 전보다 조성 후 총 코르티솔 수 치가 낮아졌고, 식물 재배 활동 수준은 높아졌으나 통계적 유 의성은 없었다. 혈압은 여자의 경우 거리화단 화훼경관 조성 전과 조성 후 모두 정상 혈압이었고, 남자의 경우 거리화단 화 훼경관 조성 전 고혈압 전단계에서 조성 후 주의혈압으로 낮 아지는 긍정적 효과가 있었다. 거리화단 화훼경관 조성 전·후 의 스트레스수준을 총 4단계(총 4단계: 단계가 높을수록 스트 레스가 높은 수준임)로 문항 전체의 총합 수치로 알아본 결과, 화훼경관 조성 전에는 4단계(50.0%), 2단계(38.9%), 3단계 (11.1%) 순이었으나, 조성 후에는 4단계(44.5%), 2, 3단계(각 22.2%), 1단계(11.1%) 순으로 거리화단 화훼경관 조성 전에 는 1단계(정상적인 스트레스 상태로 스트레스요인 자체가 심 각하지 않거나 좋은 스트레스로 받아들인 경우)가 0%에서 조 성 후 11.1%로 높아졌다. 화훼경관 조성 전·후 SD법을 이용 하여 쾌적감, 자연감, 그리고 진정감에 대해 평가한 결과, 화 훼경관 조성 후 쾌적감, 자연감, 진정감이 높은 것으로 나타났 다(p<.05). 거리화단 화훼경관에 따른 식물 재배 활동 수준과 주요 변수간의 상관관계를 알아본 결과, 화훼경관 조성 후 식 물 재배 활동 수준과 스트레스수준, 스트레스수준과 진정감은 부(-)의 상관관계, 식물 재배 활동 수준과 쾌적감, 자연감, 진정 감과는 0.5 이상의 높은 정(+)의 상관관계가 있었다(p<.05). 따라서 식물 재배 활동 수준이 높아질수록 쾌적감, 자연감, 그 리고, 진정감은 높아지고, 거리화단 화훼경관이 없는 공간보 다 화훼경관이 있는 공간에서 쾌적감, 자연감, 그리고 진정감 을 더 크게 느끼는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에서 거리화단 화훼경관을 통하여 고위험군의 높은 스트레스는 줄여주고 식 물에 대한 흥미, 관심과 심리적 안정효과는 높여 줄 수 있는 유용한 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

낭충봉아부패병에 저항성인 신품종 토종벌을 농업과학원에서 시험재료로 제공받아 일반 농가에서 사육중인 일반벌과 비교하였다. 꿀벌 수밀력을 조사한 결과 일벌 개체당 수밀력은 비저항성 계통보다 저항성계통이 15% 높았으며, 화분채집량은 저항성계통에서는 358mg, 비저항성 계통은 330.3mg으로 저항성계통이 비저항성계통보다 8.4%의 높은 화분채집력을 보였다. 질병저항성을 알아보기 위해 봉개유충 청소행동 평가에서 8시간 후 저항성계통에 서는 51.3%, 비저항성계통에서는 50.7%이었으며, 24시간 후에는 두계통 모두 98.7~100%의 사충 제거율을 보였다. 봉군발육조사에서는 저항성 계통의 경우, 일벌, 유충, 번데기의 수가 비저항성계통에 비하여 41%, 7%, 73% 로 발육이 우수하였다.

For the vessel export of strawberries, modified atmosphere package (MAP) using polyamide (PA) film and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) film was investigated to extend the shelf life of strawberries. Because the temperature and relative humidity changes of the MAP were lower than the changes of the control, the weight loss of the MAP were lower than that of the control. The low oxygen level and high carbon dioxide level were effective to decrease the fungal decay rate and to increase the hardness of strawberries. The Hunter’s color differences before and after storage showed no distinct difference between the MAP and the control. The lightness had a tendency to decrease while the redness increased. There were no significant changes of the soluble solids during the storage. The shelf life of strawberries could be extended to 16 days using the MAP considering the weight loss and the fungal decay rate. Thus, this MAP method using PA film and LLDPE film was effective to extend the shelf life of strawberries.

Zn(BH4)2 was prepared by milling ZnCl2 and NaBH4 in a planetary ball mill in an Ar atmosphere, and XRD analysis, SEM observation, FT-IR analysis, DTA, and TGA were performed for synthesized Z (BH4)2 samples. 90 wt% MgH2+ 1.67 wt% Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+5 wt% Ni+1.67 wt% Ti+1.67 wt% Fe (named 90MgH2+1.67Zn(BH4) (+NaCl)+5Ni+1.67Ti+1.67Fe) samples were also prepared by milling in a planetary ball mill in an H2 atmosphere. The gas absorption and release properties of the Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl) and 90MgH2+1.67Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+5Ni+1.67Ti+1.67Fe samples were investigated. An FT-IR analysis showed that Zn(BH4)2 formed in the Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl) samples prepared by milling ZnCl2 and NaBH4. At the first cycle at 320 oC, 90MgH2+1.67Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+5Ni+1.67Ti+1.67Fe absorbed 2.95 wt% H for 2.5 min and 4.93 wt% H for 60 min under 12 bar H2, and released 1.46 wt% H for 10 min and 4.57 wt% H for 60 min under 1.0 bar H2.

토마토 TYLCV는 병이 발생되면 약제나 다른 방법으로 방제가 어려우므로 내병성 품종의 개발이 반드시 필요하다. 특히, TYLCV 저항성 유전자 Ty-1,2,3(부분우성)을 한 개체 내로 집적을 시켜서 저항성이 증대된 품종의 개발이 필요하다. 토마토 TYLCV 저항성 11-TY1-AV 등 7계통을 대상으로 보독인 담배가루이를 이용하여 표현형을 조사하였다. 이병성 대비(11-TY5-AV; 슈퍼썬로드)와 F3 세대 3계통 및 F2 세대 4계통을 TYLCTHV 균주를 이용하여 접종하였다. 접종 13일 후에 이병성 대비가 100% 이병증상을 나타내었으며, 이때 11-TY4-AV는 48개체 중에서 23개체가 이병되었으며, 11-TY6-AV는 42개체 중에서 14개체, 11-TY7-AV는 48개체 중에서 14개체, 11-TY8-AV는 48개체 중에서 15개체가 이병 되었다. F2 세대 4 집단 모두 p>0.05 수준에서 TYLCV 접종 후 표현형이 정상적인 유전분리비(3:1)를 보이는 것을 확인 하였다. 또, TYLCV에 저항성인 동일한 자원을 부계로 사용하더라도 모계로 어떤 것을 사용 하느냐에 따라서 저항성 정도가 다르게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the level of masseter muscle tension according to the levels of restricted movement and pain in the temporomandibular joint(TMJ), thereby verifying the fact that excessive masseter muscle tension can be a cause for restricted movement and pain in the TMJ. The subjects of this study were 81 men and women in their 20s and 30s, who feel uncomfortable with their masticatory function on the preferred chewing side. The subjects were measured in terms of the range of motion (ROM) and deviation of the TMJ and the degree of pain in the affected region. The ROM and deviation of the TMJ were measured using the Global Posture System(GPS) after instructing each subject to open his/her mouth to the fullest and taking photos of the subject with a digital camera. The tension of the masseter muscle was measured with a Pressure Threshold Meter(PTM). After the measurements, in order to compare the ROM of the TMJ, the subjects were divided into two groups based on the ROM of above 35mm and below 35mm. For the deviation and pain, based on the average of total subjects, the subjects were divided into two groups of above and below average. Thereafter, the levels of masseter muscle tension were compared between each pair of groups. According to the results, when each variable was compared between the respective two groups, in terms of the deviation, the pressure pain threshold(PPT) of the masseter muscle revealed a statistically significant difference(p<.05). However, the ROM and pain showed no statistically significant difference. Consequently, masseter muscle tension may cause restricted movement in the TMJ. In particular, the deviation and tension in the masseter muscle is considered to be a factor that causes deviation in the TMJ.

Previously, we found that expression by translational fusion of the polyhedrin (Polh)-green fluorescence protein (GFP) led to the formation of granular structures and these fluorescent granules were easily precipitated by high-speed centrifugation. Here, we developed an easy, fast, and mass purification system using this baculovirus expression system (BES). An enhanced GFP (EGFP) fused with Polh gene at the N-terminus including an adaptor and enterokinase (EK) site between Polh and EGFP was expressed in Sf9 cells. The cells infected by AcPolhEKA-EGFP produced fluorescent granules. The EGFP fusion protein was purified from granule-containing cells according to three steps; cell harvest, sonication and EK digestion. Through the final enterokinase digestion, EGFP was presented mainly in the supernatant (93.3%) and the supernatant also showed a pure EGFP band. These results suggest that the combined procedure of Polh fusion expression and enterokinase digestion can used for the rapid and easy purification of other proteins.

관상동맥 조영술(CAG)의 씨네(Cine) 촬영에서 엑스선 촬영 조건의 변화가 입사 표면 선량(ESD)과 흡수 선량(DAP)에 미치는 관계를 알아보고자 하였고 image J 프로그램을 통해 촬영된 혈관 조영 영상의 SNR과 CNR을 측정·분석하여 조건 변화가 선량관계 및 영상의 질에 미치는 유용성을 분석하고자 하였다. 2017년 11월부터 2018년 3월까지 본원에서 CAG를 시행한 33명(남24, 여9)의 데이터를 대상으로 하였고, 연령대는 37-76세(평균 59±10세), 몸무게53-104kg (평균 72±10kg), 키150-185cm (평균 166.82±9.5kg), BMI 18.3-33.2(평 균 25.8±3.2)이었다. 촬영조건 및 데이터 획득은 관전류(mA)를 높게 한 A그룹(397.2mA)과 mA를 낮게 한 B 그룹(370.7mA)의 ESD와 DAP를 후향적으로 획득하여 비교․분석 하였고 Image J를 통한 SNR과 CNR 측정· 분석은 획득한 데이터를 공식에 대입하여 결과 값을 도출하였다. 통계프로그램은 SPSS (PASW)를 사용하여 촬영조건 변화에 따른 ESD와 DAP 및 SNR ․ CNR의 상관관계 등을 분석하였다. 촬영조건의 mA에 변화 를 주어 촬영한 A그룹과 B그룹의 ESD(A:483.5±60.1, B:464.4±39.9)와 DAP(A:84.3±10.7, B:81.5±7)간의 관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p>0,05). Image J를 통한 SNR과 CNR의 관계에선 B그룹의 좌심장동맥(LC A)을 촬영해 얻은 영상의 SNR(5.451±0.529), CNR(0.411±0.0432)이 A그룹 좌심장동맥(LCA)의 SNR(4.976±0.4 33), CNR(0.459±0.0431)보다 SNR 0.475±0.096, CNR -0.048±0.0로 차이가 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다(p<0.05). 우심장동맥(RCA)을 촬영해 획득한 SNR과 CNR에선 A그룹의 SNR(4.731±0.773)과 CNR(0.3 54±0.083)이 B그룹의 SNR(3.24±0.368), CNR(0.166±0.033)보다 SNR 1.491±0.405, CNR 0.188±0.005로 증가된 수치를 나타냈으며 그 중 CNR이 통계적으로 유의했다(p<0.05). 상관관계 분석 결과에서는 SNR (LCA) & C NR (LCA), SNR (RCA) & CNR (RCA), ESD & DAP, ESD & sec, DAP & CNR (RCA), DAP & sec간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). SNR과 CNR이 높을수록 선명하고 좋은 화질을 나타냄을 의미하는 데 화질평가 및 선량변화 유용성에 관한 분석 연구를 진행한 결과 mA를 증가시켜 촬영 한 CAG의 RCA영 상에서 SNR과 CNR이 증가된 수치를 보였다. 특히, CNR이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타낸 것을 보았을 때 RCA촬영 시 mA를 향상시켜 촬영 할 경우 영상의 질 중 대조도가 한층 더 향상 될 수 있을 것으로 사료 된다.

Background : This study is designed to select the best shading materials for the 4-year old ginseng K-1 variety by examining the light volume, photosynthesis and growth characteristics of ginseng. Methods and Results : The ginseng seedling was transplanted in the 7 lines x 9 rows (63 plants)/ 1.65 ㎡. The shading materials were installed in the form of rear line with 170 ㎝ high for front pole and 100 ㎝ high for rear pole. The installation of shading materials were installed in combination of polyethylene, blue polyethylene sheet + polyethylene, polyethylene + polyethylene, polyethylene + aluminium screen 70%, polyethylene + aluminium screen 100%, aluminium shade plate to inspect the photosynthesis and ginseng's growth characteristics. The photosynthetic rate was measured on the middle of small leaf using the photosynthetic tester (L1-6400, Li-COR) a t 10 : 00 – 14 : 00 on a clear day with the light volume of 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,400, 1,800 μmol s-1m-2.For the ginseng K-1, which is 4-years old, the aerial parts growth (such as survival rate, height of plant, length of stem, diameter of steam and length of leaf) and underground part (length, diameter and weight of root) were examined in 2016. As for the PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), the aluminum shade plate showed the best performance while the polyethylene + polyethylene showed the least. As for the photosynthetic rate, the following order was shown in the decreasing order: blue polyethylene sheet + polyethylene > polyethylene > aluminium shade plate ≒ polyethylene + aluminium screen 100%, > polyethylene + polyethylene > polyethylene + aluminium screen 70%. As for the survival rate for 4-year old ginseng, the polyethylene + aluminium screen 70% showed the highest survival rate with 91.0%. As for the growth of aerial part of ginseng, the polyethylene and polyethylene + polyethylene showed the best growth. As for the underground part of ginseng, the polyethylene, blue polyethylene sheet + polyethylene, and polyethylene + polyethylene showed the best growth in the length of roots and length of main root while polyethylene and blue polyethylene sheet + polyethylene showed the best growth in the weight of roots. Conclusion : In conclusion, considering the characteristics of photosynthesis and the underground parts of ginseng, it was found that the best shading materials for K-1 4-year old ginseng is blue polyethylene sheet + polyethylene.

Background : The study is designed to select the organic fertilizer as an additional fertilizer suitable for improving the yield of ginseng cultivar K-1 at low productive land when it is cultivated as 6-year old red ginseng. Methods and Results : This study was conducted in 2016 at a farm in Paju cultivating 6-year old ginseng root. As for the management of the cultivation land, in 2010 and 2011, Sudangrass was cultivated in order to make the organic matter content and chemical composition suitable for ginseng cultivation, and more than 15 tillage works were carried out a year. The transplantation was carried out at the planting density of 63 weeks / 1.62 ㎡ in April 2012. On May 2, the amount of 15 ℓ / 1.62 ㎡ of N 1.5 ㎏/1,000 ㎡ was supplied to the non-treatment, liquid fertilizer of fermented rice bran, liquid fertilizer of fermented soybean, seaweed and liquid yeast. N 1.5 ㎏/1,000 ㎡ was put into the soil for the fermented soybean and leaf mold. The photosynthetic rate was measured on the middle part of the small leaf by using a photosynthetic analyzer (LI-6400, Li-COR) at 10 : 00 - 14 : 00 on a clear day under PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) of 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,400, 1,800 μmol s-1m-2. The growth features of ginseng (including the length of stem, length of leaf, width of leaf, length of root and yield, etc.) as well as leaf discoloration, and root rot, etc were examined. The statistical analysis was performed 3 times in the randomized block design. For the rate of photosynthesis, the liquid fertilizer of fermented rice bran > liquid fertilizer of fermented soybean ≒ untreated ≒ fermented soybean > seaweed > liquid yeast > leaf mold was higher in that order. The survival rate ranged from 42.9% to 51.9%. As for the above-ground growth characteristics, the liquid fertilizer of fermented rice bran, liquid fertilizer of fermented soybean, seaweed and liquid yeast showed higher performance than the non-treated while the fermented soybean and leaf mold showed similar performance to the non-treatment. As for the underground growth, the liquid fertilizer of fermented rice-bran, liquid fertilizer of fermented soybean, fermented soybean, or leaf mold showed the same performance as non-treatment while the fermented soybean or leaf mold showed shorter length than non-treatment. As for the yield, the liquid fertilizer of fermented rice-bran, or liquid fertilizer of fermented soybean showed better performance than non-treatment. Conclusion : In conclusion, it was found that liquid fertilizer of fermented rice bran and liquid fertilizer of fermented soybean are the suitable organic fertilizers which can be used in ginseng cultivation for improving the quantitative yield of 6-year-old ginseng in low-producing area.

Freesia is one of the most popular flowers over the world including Korea, due to the fragrance and beauty of the plant flower. The first domestic freesia cultivar ‘Shiny Gold’ was developed by NIHHS, RDA, in 2003, which has yellow double and large petals and strong fragrance. Ten years have passed since ‘Shiny Gold’ was cultivated at floral farms, and the deterioration of cut flower quality and yield are reported from the farms. Virus infection causes a reduction in the quantity and quality of the cut freesia flowers and is one of the most serious problems in Korea. Virus detection was carried by reverse transcription polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR) for FreMV, FreSV, BYMV, CMV, and TRV, as known to infect freesia. FreMV, FreSV, BYMV, and TRV were detected single or multiply, and CMV was not found in the freesia leaves collected from the farms. To produce virus-free freesia, meristem culture of ‘Shiny Gold’ was conducted in MS medium added ribavirin at different concentration. As the increased of ribavirin concentration, the growth of ‘Shiny Gold’ plantlets was inhibited in freesia’Shiny Gold’. The plantlets produced by meristem culture in ‘Shiny Gold’ were virus free at the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) level.

We constructed marine forest to restore barren grounds which are expanding in the east coast of Korea using 2 methods of (1)seedlings transplantation method and (2)underwater floating ropes method. We transplanted 3 macroalgae species, Ecklonia cava, Undaria pinnatifida, and Saccharina. japonica to construct marine forest. Blade length of Undaria pinnatifida on underwater floating ropes was 56.70±8.69㎜ in April and grew 68.75±22.30㎜ in May and 70.75±14.36㎜ in July. Blade length of S. japonica was shown 97.95-143.00㎜ in April to June. Blade length of Ecklonia cava was 30.50±1.91㎜ in May, 41.55±1.84㎜ in August, 45.30±2.57㎜ in November, 2009 and 45.30±1.99㎜ in February, 2010. The survey on Dangsa area, Ulsan-city in January, 2009 found a total number of 15 algal species(1 brown algae, 14 red algae species) with the highest variety at 5m depth of A station and the lowest at 8m depth of A and B stations. The March survey showed a total of 24 species (1 green algae, 1 brown algae, 22 red algae species) with the highest variety of 11 at depths of 3m and 5m of B station and the lowest of 6 at 10m of B station. In May, total biomass was 3,755.4g (green algae 1.2g, brown algae 199.0g, red algae 3,555.2g). From January, 2009, we found that E. cava was dominant at the depths of 3m and 5m of A and B stations while Peyssonnelia capensis was dominant at the depth of 8m of A station. The 8m depth of B station was dominated by Acrosorium polyneurum. In May, Grateloupia lanceolata was dominant at 8m depth of A station while other depths were dominated by Phycodrys fimbriata. In June, the dominant species were G. lanceolata at the 3m depth, E. cava at the 5m and P. fimbriata at the depths of 8m and 10m of A station. Under B station, G. lanceolata was dominant at the depths of 3m and 5m while P. fimbriata was dominant at the depths of 8m and 10m.

In Korea, chilli pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a major vegetable crop. The pepper seed market is about $35 million and the whole sale market including processed products is equivalent to $2 billion, representing the second highest market value among crops, next to rice in Korea. Since the development of elite pepper variety is so competitive, vegetable seed companies usually run two important programs to keep the credibility of seed quality. One program is to deliver F1 hybrid seeds with a high purity test to farmers. The purity control of parents and F1 hybrid to avoid any contamination is conducted by DNA markers because pepper seeds are obtained using MS line. The other program is to identify the F1 variety from other varieties by analyzing the polymorphism so that the company and/or breeder protects the intellectual property from copying by others or from non-intentional contamination. We have developed about 900 EST-SSR sets from pepper and used to both programs. A total of 66 markers were selected to identify 32 F1 varieties and their own parents. Using these markers, the purity control of F1 hybrid rose up to the highest degree. We also found several SSR markers to distinguish F1 variety from other varieties and these markers could be useful to find the uniqueness of F1 cultivar.