This study investigated the photosynthetic responses of the CAM ornamental plant Schlumbergera truncata ‘Pink Dew’ under low-temperature greenhouse conditions to evaluate the potential for energy-saving cultivation. Greenhouse production requires substantial energy for heating, and reducing temperature is a possible strategy to save energy. However, low temperatures can suppress photosynthesis and plant growth. CAM plants, which absorb CO2 mainly at night, may respond differently to temperature, making it important to determine temperature ranges that maintain carbon assimilation while reducing energy use. Plants were grown in a greenhouse at average temperatures of 15/11°C (January, early flowering) and 21/12°C (March, late flowering). Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and growth characteristics were measured, with comparisons made between top and second phylloclades. Results showed that during the early-flowering period, total net CO2 uptake was negative, indicating suppressed carbon assimilation under low temperature. During the late-flowering period, net CO2 uptake became positive, suggesting recovery of photosynthetic activity as temperatures increased. The second phylloclades generally exhibited higher CO2 uptake than the top phylloclades. The maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) increased from early to late flowering but remained below optimal values, indicating that plants experienced low temperature stress but maintained moderate photosynthetic function, suggesting some degree of acclimation. Morphological observations showed phylloclade discoloration and occasional lesions, which were consistent with symptoms of cold stress, although plants continued to grow and produce flower buds. Overall, the results indicate that low temperatures below the optimal range can suppress photosynthesis in S. truncata, but the plants retain a capacity for acclimation and recovery. These findings contribute to understanding the temperature sensitivity of CAM photosynthesis and may help define energy-saving temperature strategies in greenhouse cultivation.

This study was conducted to re-establish the withdrawal time (WT) for ivermectin (IVM) in pigs as part of the introduction of the positive list system (PLS) program. Forty-two healthy pigs were orally administered IVM at doses of 2.4 mg/kg feed (IVM-1, n = 20) and 4.8 mg/kg feed (IVM-2, n = 20) once daily for 7 days. After treatment, tissue samples were collected from four pigs at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days post-administration. Based on a previously established analytical method, residual IVM concentrations in pig tissues were determined using LC-MS/MS. In the IVM-1 group, IVM levels in muscle, liver, kidney, and fat were below the limit of quantification (LOQ) on days 7, 7, 7, and 14 after the final administration, respectively. In the IVM-2 group, IVM levels in muscle, liver, kidney, and fat were below the LOQ on days 7, 14, 7, and 14 after the final administration, respectively. According to the European Medicines Agency guideline on the determination of withdrawal times, the WTs for IVM-1 and IVM-2 in edible pig tissues were established as 8 and 11 days, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated WT of IVM in swine edible tissues was shorter than the currently recommended WT of 14 days for IVM.

This study was conducted to re-establish the withdrawal time (WT) of ivermectin (IVM) in goats in accordance with the implementation of the positive list system (PLS). Thirty-four healthy goats were topically administered IVM at doses of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) (IVM-1, n = 16) or 1.0 mg/kg BW (IVM-2, n = 16) as a single treatment. Tissue samples were collected from four goats at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post-administration. Residual concentrations of IVM in edible tissues were determined using LC-MS/MS based on a previously validated analytical method. In the IVM-1 group, IVM concentrations in all edible tissues were below the limit of quantification (LOQ) by day 3 post-administration. In the IVM-2 group, IVM concentrations in muscle, liver, kidney, and fat were below the LOQ by days 7, 3, 3, and 7 post-administration, respectively. WTs were estimated in accordance with the European Medicines Agency guideline on the determination of withdrawal periods. The calculated WTs for IVM-1 and IVM-2 were 12 and 19 days, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated WT of IVM in edible goat tissues was shorter than the currently recommended withdrawal period of 28 days.

장미 ‘Sahara’는 국립원예특작과학원에서 2022년에 육성한 분홍톤 아이보리 스프레이 장미 품종으로 2013년 빨간색 스프레 이 품종 ‘Fangfare’에 아이보리색 스프레이 품종 ‘Vivien’을 부본으로 인공 교배 하였다. 총 73개의 교배 실생을 얻었으며 2015년부터 1, 2, 3차 특성검정을 통해,화색과 화형이 안정적이 며 생산성 및 절화 특성이 우수한 ‘원교 D1-360’을 최종 선발하 여 2022년 ‘Sahara’로 명명하고 국립종자원에 품종보호 출원· 등록하였다(등록번호 제9771호). 장미 ‘Sahara’ 품종은 분홍톤 크림색(155D)의 꽃잎수는 71.5매인 겹꽃으로 화폭과 화고는 각각 4.9, 3.1cm이며 소화수가 7.4개/줄기인 스프레이 장미이 다. 장미 ‘Sahara’ 품종의 절화장은 평균 73.8cm로 대조 품종 ‘Pink shin’56.9cm 대비 길며, 절화 수명은 약 17.8일로 ‘Pink shin’ 15.6일 보다 2일 정도 길다. ‘Sahara’는 절화 생산량은 연간 168본/m2로 ‘Pink Shine’ 140본 대비 생산량이 많다. 전자코를 이용한 PCA분석결과 주성분1과 2는 각각 99.3%와 0.6%로 전체 변이량의 99.9%를 반영하고 있다. Rader plot 분석결과 P10/2,P40/1 및 T30/1 센서 반응이 높았으며 총 6개 센서에서 모두 ‘Sahara’는 대조품종 ‘Pink Shine’에 비해 반응이 낮았다. 절화용 스프레이 장미 ‘Sahara’ 품종은 파스텔톤 의 중형 소화로, 균일한 절화 품질 및 우수한 수량으로 재배농가 의 선호도가 높아 국내에서 많이 재배될 것으로 기대된다.

It is challenging to treat canine brucellosis due to the immune evading and stealthy characteristic of the causative bacteria, Brucella (B.) canis. Gold nanoparticle aptamer (AuNP-Apt) conjugated antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is a promising alternative to antibiotics for various bacterial infections. However, the toxicity of AuNP-Apt has been variable throughout research, and the in vivo toxic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential against B. canis, and the toxicity of AuNP-Apt conjugated antimicrobial peptide, RW-BP100 (AuNP-AptHis-RW-BP100His), in a mouse model. Intravenous (IV) treatment with AuNP-AptHis-RW-BP100His reduced the bacteria burden and histopathologic lesions. The IV treatment also induced CD4+ T cell differentiation and modulated serum cytokine levels. However, high-dose AuNP-Apt was lethal, resulting in tissue accumulation and vessel embolism. Therefore, AuNP-AptHis-RW-BP100His is a promising therapeutic agent for B. canis treatment, but due to its toxicity, further studies are needed for its utilization in clinical practice.

This study evaluated the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen (PPF) for its inhibitory effects on the adult emergence of fly (Musca domestica) and mosquito (Culex pipiens) larvae. Laboratory bioassays with a product containing 0.5% PPF were conducted using diet incorporation for fly larvae and water immersion for mosquito larvae at concentrations of 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg (flies) or mg/L (mosquitoes). PPF treatment reduced adult emergence in a dose-dependent manner. At 160 mg/kg (or mg/L), corrected adult emergence inhibition rates exceeded 80%, which meets regulatory thresholds for efficacy. Residual activity tests demonstrated sustained effects, with fly larvae showing 70% inhibition and mosquito larvae complete suppression (100%) at 45 days post-treatment. These findings confirm that PPF effectively disrupts metamorphosis of both species, with particularly strong and prolonged effects against mosquitoes.

Bone-related diseases (e.g., osteoporosis) represent a significant health challenge, prompting research for effective therapeutic agents, particularly from natural sources. The edible mushroom, Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii has attracted interest due to its wide range of biological activities. Cytotoxicity assays revealed no significant toxicity of the M. aitchisonii water extract (MAWE) up to 50 μg/mL. MAWE significantly promoted dose-dependent osteoblast differentiation with ALP activity and mineralization increase by 109.17 % and 23 %, respectively, compared with the differentiation-only group. Moreover, MAWE significantly upregulated osteoblast-related gene expressions, including that of type I collagen (COL1A), osterix (Osx), and osteopontin (OPN). Furthermore, MAWE treatment significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation. This effect was further confirmed by demonstrating that the AMPK inhibitor compound C suppressed AMPK phosphorylation, and subsequent MAWE treatment restored it. In summary, these results demonstrate that MAWE possesses potent osteoblast differentiation-promoting efficacy, primarily through AMPK signaling pathway activation.

본 연구는 겐타마이신(GEN)을 돼지에 경구 투여한 다 음, 돼지 식용조직 내 GEN의 잔류농도를 조사하였으며, 돼지 식용조직에서 GEN의 적정 휴약기간을 설정하였다. 총 42마리의 건강한 돼지에게 체중 kg 당 1 . 1 mg (GEN- 1, n=20)과 2.2 mg (GEN-2, n=20)의 GEN을 하루에 한 번씩 3일 동안 연속적으로 경구투여하였다. 약물 투여 후, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14일째에 각각 돼지 4마리로부터 조직 시료를 채취하였다. 돼지 조직 내 GEN 잔류농도는 액체크로마토 그래피-질량분석법(LC-MS/MS)을 사용하여 측정하였다. 본 연구에, 확립한 LC-MS/MS의 상관계수는 0.9961에서 0.9996 사이였으며, 검출한계(LOD)와 정량한계(LOQ)는 각 각 0.003-0.008 mg/kg과 0.01-0.025 mg/kg이었다. 근육, 간, 신 장 및 지방 조직에서의 회수율은 각각 55.51-73.15%, 69.65- 78.21%, 66.56-83.29%, 96.76-107.74%였으며, 변이계수는 모두 11.16% 이하였다. GEN-1과 GEN-2 모두에서 근육, 간, 지방 시료 내 GEN 농도는 약제 투여 종료 후 1일째 에 LOQ 이하로 나타났다. 그러나 두 그룹 모두에서 신장 시료에서는 약제 투여 종료 후 7일째까지 LOQ 이상으로 GEN이 검출되었다. 유럽의약청(EMA)의 식용조직에 대한 휴약기간 설정 지침에 따라서, GEN-1과 GEN-2의 돼지 조 직 내 휴약기간은 각각 2일 및 9일로 설정되었다. 이상의 결과로부터, 본 연구에서 확립된 분석법은 돼지 조직 내 GEN 검출에 적합하며, 설정된 GEN의 휴약기간은 돼지 식용조직 제품의 안전성 확보에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to reset the withdrawal time (WT) for amoxicillin (AMX) in pigs as a part of positive list system (PLS) program introduction. Forty-two healthy pigs were orally administered with AMX at doses of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) (AMX-1, n=20) and 20 mg/kg BW (AMX-2, n=20), twice daily for 5 days, respectively. After the treatment, tissue samples were collected from four pigs at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days post-administration, respectively. Based on a previously established analysis method, residual AMX concentrations in pig tissues were determined using LC-MS/MS. In both AMX-1 and AMX-2 groups, AMX levels in all tissues except fat was below the limit of quantification (LOQ) at one day after the final administration. According to the European Medicines Agency’s guideline on determination of withdrawal periods, the withdrawal periods for AMX-1 and AMX-2 in fat tissue were established as 0 and 2 days, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated WT of AMX in edible tissues of pigs is shorter than the current WT recommendation of 5 days for AMX.

This study evaluated the bactericidal efficacy of a disinfectant containing chlorine dioxide as its main ingredient against Paenibacillus larvae (P. larvae) that is the causative agent of American foulbrood. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to P. larvae for 30 min at 4°C. The disinfectant and test bacterium were diluted with low and high organic matter (OM) suspension according to treatment condition. On low and high OM conditions, the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant against P. larvae was 2.5 and 1.25 fold dilution, respectively. The recommended dilution time of the disinfectant in low and high OM was 2.0 and 1.0 fold dilution, respectively. As the disinfectant possesses bactericidal efficacy against P. larvae, the disinfectant can be used to prevent American foulbrood in larvae of honeybees.

Amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT), a tricyclic antidepressant, is known to exhibit antimicrobial effects against a wide range of bacterial species. This study aims to evaluate the effect of AMT on Brucella (B.) abortus infection in RAW 264.7 cells and ICR mice, which has not yet been clearly characterized. The results showed that all tested concentrations of AMT had no direct bactericidal effect on B. abortus survival at any incubation time point. Interestingly, RAW 264.7 cells pre-treated with a non-toxic high concentration of AMT before B. abortus infection showed a significant reduction in the phagocytosis of B. abortus at 20 min post-infection, compared to untreated cells. However, AMT treatment did not affect the intracellular replication of B. abortus compared to the control cells. Based on the reduced bacterial uptake observed in-vitro, an in-vivo experiment was conducted to assess whether daily oral administration of AMT at a dose of 20 mg/kg could inhibit B. abortus growth in ICR mice. The results showed that AMT treatment slightly increased both organ weights and bacterial loads, suggesting possible systemic effects of prolonged AMT exposure. In summary, these preliminary results provide initial insight into the potential effects of AMT on B. abortus infection both in-vitro and in-vivo. Therefore, further study should focus on dose optimization in-vivo and exploration of the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in AMT-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis during Brucella infection.

The role of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) development has garnered attention, highlighting probiotics as potential adjuncts in CRC prevention and treatment. In recent years, probiotics and their derivatives have demonstrated mechanisms that may contribute to anticancer properties. This study investigates the cytotoxic effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum KCTC 3357, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus KCTC 5033, Limosilactobacillus reuteri VA 103, Bacillus galactosidilyticus VA 107, and Lactococcus taiwanensis VE101 on CT-26 mouse colon carcinoma cells using live cells, heat-killed cells (paraprobiotics), and cell-free supernatants (CFS, postbiotics) through an MTT assay. The results indicate that live bacterial strains, such as KCTC 3357, VA 103, and VA 107, promoted CT-26 cell viability, while heat-killed cells and CFS exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Inactivated forms of KCTC 3357 and VE 101, as well as CFS at 10 mg/mL concentration of KCTC 5033, VA 103, and VE 101, showed the strongest antiproliferative effects. These findings suggest that non-viable probiotic derivatives, such as paraprobiotics and postbiotics, offer promising therapeutic potential for CRC, providing a safer and more stable alternative to live probiotics. However, further research is required to explore their mechanisms of action, in vivo efficacy, and potential clinical applications.