A promising approach to enhance catalytic performance of supported heterogeneous nano-metal catalysts is to uniformly disperse active nanoparticles on the support. In this work, N-doped carbon-modified graphene (G@NC) nanosheet is designed and prepared to anchor Pd–Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (Pd–Fe/G@NC). The N-doped carbon modification on graphene surface could construct a sandwich-like structure (G@NC), which not only prevented the re-stacking of graphene nanosheets but also provided confined space for stable anchoring of bimetallic Pd–Fe nanoparticles. Benefitted from the unique structural property and synergetic effect of metal Pd and Fe species, the as-obtained Pd–Fe/G@NC composite displays excellent catalytic activity toward 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction with a turnover frequency of 613.2 min− 1, which is far superior to that of the mono-metal counterparts (Fe/G@NC and Pd/G@NC). More importantly, Pd–Fe/G@NC catalyst also exhibits favorable catalytic performance in the reduction of other nitroaromatic compounds (nitrobenzene, 4-nitrotoluene, 4-chloronitrobenzene, and so on). In addition, Pd–Fe/G@NC can catalyze the oxidation of furfuraldehyde to furoic acid with a high yield of 88.64%. This work provides a new guide for rationally designing and developing advanced supported heterogeneous bimetallic catalyst.

VR 수술 시스템의 도입은 현대 의학 교육에 큰 의미가 있다. VR 수술 시스템은 의대생과 젊은 의사의 학습 효율을 크게 향상시키고 반복 훈련 목표를 달성하며 전통 의학 교육의 단점을 보완할 수 있다. 사회적 디지 털화가 심화됨에 따라 의료 분야의 VR 수술 시스템 구축이 시급해지고 있다. 본 논문은 의료에 적용되는 기능성 게임의 관점에서 VR 수술의 기능성게임 디자인을 연구한다. 먼저 사용자 경험 이론과 사용자 심리적 필요사항을 바탕으로 기능성 게임에 대한 사용자 경험과 기대치를 분석하였다. 그리고 사용자의 실제 필요사항과 게임 레벨 기능 디자인을 분석하고, 게임 디자인의 핵심 포인트를 강조하여 최적화하였다. 둘째, 3D MAX를 결합한 UE4 모델 구성의 주의할 점을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 위 연구를 바탕으로 흉강경 하에서 폐기포 VR 수술의 본격적인 게임을 설계하였다. 게임 디자인은 대상 사용자를 분석하여 내용을 결정한 후 이를 전문의에게 확인하여 이루어졌다. 첫째, 인간 가슴의 얇은 CT 이미지를 기반으로 3DS MAX를 이용 하여 가슴 모델, 수술 도구 및 수술 장면을 시뮬레이션 하였다. 둘째, UE4 게임 엔진을 사용하였다. 이 기술 은 3D 모델이 기능성 게임 시뮬레이션의 요구 사항을 충족하도록 만들고 UE4 장면을 디자인하며 C ++ 언 어를 사용하여 게임 기능을 개발하였다.

Orthorhombic DyMnO3 films are fabricated epitaxially on Nb-1.0 wt%-doped SrTiO3 single crystal substrates using pulsed laser deposition technique. The structure of the deposited DyMnO3 films is studied by X-ray diffraction, and the epitaxial relationship between the film and the substrate is determined. The electrical transport properties reveal the diodelike rectifying behaviors in the all-perovskite oxide junctions over a wide temperature range (100 ~ 340 K). The forward current is exponentially related to the forward bias voltage, and the extracted ideality factors show distinct transport mechanisms in high and low positive regions. The leakage current increases with increasing reverse bias voltage, and the breakdown voltage decreases with decrease temperature, a consequence of tunneling effects because the leakage current at low temperature is larger than that at high temperature. The determined built-in potentials are 0.37 V in the low bias region, and 0.11 V in the high bias region, respectively. The results show the importance of temperature and applied bias in determining the electrical transport characteristics of all-perovskite oxide heterostructures.

Orthorhombic dysprosium manganite DyMnO3 with single phase is synthesized using solid-state reaction technique and the crystal structure and dielectric properties as functions of temperature and frequency are investigated. Thermally activated dielectric relaxations are shown in the temperature dependence of the complex permittivity, and the respective peaks are found to be shifted to higher temperatures as the measuring frequency increases. In Arrhenius plots, activation energies of 0.32 and 0.24 eV for the high- and low-temperature relaxations are observed, respectively. Analysis of the relationship between the real and imaginary parts of the permittivity and the frequencies allows us to explain the dielectric behavior of DyMnO3 ceramics by the universal dielectric response model. A separation of the intrinsic grain and grain boundary properties is achieved using an equivalent circuit model. The dielectric responses of this circuit are discerned by impedance spectroscopy study. The determined grain and grain boundary effects in the orthorhombic DyMnO3 ceramics are responsible for the observed high- and low-temperature relaxations in the dielectric properties.

Conductive and dielectric SiC are fabricated using electroless plating of Ni–Fe films on SiC chopped fibers to obtain lightweight and high-strength microwave absorbers. The electroless plating of Ni–Fe films is achieved using a two-step process of surface sensitizing and metal plating. The complex permeability and permittivity are measured for the composite specimens with the metalized SiC chopped fibers dispersed in a silicone rubber matrix. The original noncoated SiC fibers exhibit considerable dielectric losses. The complex permeability spectrum does not change significantly with the Ni–Fe coating. Moreover, dielectric constant is sensitively increased with Ni–Fe coating, owing to the increase of the space charge polarization. The improvements in absorption capability (lower reflection loss and small matching thickness) are evident with Ni–Fe coating on SiC fibers. For the composite SiC fibers coated with Ni–Fe thin films, a -35 dB reflection loss is predicted at 7.6 GHz with a matching thickness of 4 mm.

Successful business models have some shared attributes or features. The quality of the business model can be used to determine the feasibility and potential of the business model, which can help make decisions on how to invest and risk prevention. However, the business model is not static, but changes with external factors such as demand, competition, technology, macro policies, and internal factors such as business goals, strategies, and resources. Therefore, the requirements of the quality attributes of the business model at each stage are different. Dynamic evaluation of business model quality is essential for the development of any enterprises, but on the emerging issue, academic research has greatly lagged behind the needs of business practices. Fist in this paper, the generation and evolution of the business model is divided into four stages: blueprint design, practical modeling, application copying, and transformational change. Then, based on reviewing literature, seven key attributes of business model quality are identified, namely, uniqueness, complementary, novelty, certainty, scalability, win-win and matching degree. Thereafter, by using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (FsQCA), some configurations of key attributes of business model quality are identified, which are considered critical paths for the business success. Finally, the theory of dynamic evaluation of business model quality has been put forward and used to assess the sample business model.

This study was conducted to develop a model for describing the effect of storage temperature (4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃) on the growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ready-to-eat (RTE) lettuce treated with or without (control) alkaline electrolyzed water (AIEW). The growth curves were well fitted with the Gompertz equation, which was used to determine the specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) of E. coli O157 : H7 (R2 = 0.994). Results showed that the obtained SGR and LT were dependent on the storage temperature. The growth rate increased with increasing temperature from 4 to 35℃. The square root models were used to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 in lettuce samples treated without or with AIEW. The coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted determination coefficient (R2 Adj), and mean square error (MSE) were employed to validate the established models. It showed that R2 and R2 Adj were close to 1 (> 0.93), and MSE calculated from models of untreated and treated lettuce were 0.031 and 0.025, respectively. The results demonstrated that the overall predictions of the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 agreed with the observed data.

High Energy Milling (HEM) is applied for the grinding of cement and this can lead to substantial refinement (<2μm) and mechanically activation of the powder particles. The present paper reviews the preliminary studies, explains the novel technique and suggests the route into commercial application. Particular attention is paid to wear results with an applied unit where no substantial wear was found after 4000 h of operation.

Shandong Province, as a big province of cultural resources, has abundant cultural resources and the rapid development of cultural industries. At the same time, the contradiction between the protection and development of cultural resources is increasingly prominent, threatening the sustainable use of cultural resources. Based on this, the article systematically analyzes the classification, characteristics, and utilization status of cultural resources in Shandong Province from the perspective of sustainable development. According to the clustering characteristics of regional characteristic cultural resources in Shandong Province, it proposes the construction of five major cultural industrial clusters and the realization of culture. The concept of the development of sustainable use of resources provides a new way to promote the effective protection and rational development of cultural resources in Shandong Province and promote the transformation and upgrading of cultural industries.

Molecular characterization of crops improved through biotechnology has traditionally been conducted using Southern blot analysis which has been used to determine T-DNA copy number, the presence or absence of backbone (sequence outside of the T-DNA) and to demonstrate generational stability of the T-DNA insert. The advancement of high-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) technology allows efficient characterization of the transgene incorportated into the genome of the plant by rapidly sequencing the entire plant genome. By combining NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technologies with bioinformatic methods that identify the T-DNA insert derived from the plasmid vector and genome-T-DNA junction sequences, it has been shown that conclusions equivalent to those of a Southern blot are readily obtained. NGS is done at sufficient coverage depth (>75x) across the entire genome. By mapping the sequence reads to the plasmid vector, and identifying the number of unique junctions, we can confirm insert number, copy number, absence of backbone, across multiple generations. With the widespread availability of NGS and steadily decreasing costs it is likely that academia and industry will fully transition to NGS-based molecular characterizations in the near future.