Here we report the protective activity of cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract against liver damage in rat intentionally instigated by D-galactosamine. Local fat degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly decreased in cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract administered rat. In addition, acutely increased AST, ALT, LDH, ALP activities and lipid peroxidation and lipid content by liver damage were recovered in experimental rat administrated with A. tegmentosum extract. These results showed that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a role in blood enzyme activation and lipid content restoration within damaged rat liver tissues. Moreover expression rate of TNF-α which accelerates inflammation and induces tissue damage and necrosis was significantly decreased. Also activities of antioxidant enzymes were more effectively upregulated comparing to those of the control group induced hepatotoxicity. All data that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a preventive role against liver damages such as inflammation, tissue necrosis in rats by improving activities of blood enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and modulating expression of inflammation factor, suggest that cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract is an effective medicinal resource for restoration of hepatotoxicity.

Fusarium crown root rot (FCRR) is a severe fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) in tomato. Resistance to FORL is conferred by single dominant locus Frl on chromosome 9, but its precise genomic location is not clearly determined. In this study, detailed location of Frl was assessed by using a set of molecular markers physically anchored on Chr.9 and F2 and RIL population derived from FORL-resistant inbred AV107-4 (S.lycopersicum) x susceptible L3708 (S. pimpinellifolium). Bioassay of the two populations with a FORL strain isolated from Korea resulted in single dominant heritance of the resistance. Two SCAR and 11 CAPS markers encompassing 3.6Mb~72Mb of Chr.9 were developed from the Tomato-EXPEN 2000 map and SolCAP SNP-array analysis. These markers were genotyped on 345 F2 plants. A high level of cosegregation with the resistance were observed for 5 markers which were mapped at a large physical interval of 5.1Mb (T1212) to 46.4Mb (SSR237), indicating that genetic recombination was highly suppressed in this region. Cosegregation of these markers with Frl was confirmed by using 126 RILs. The results implied that, in contrast with the previously reported long arm, Frl is present on a pericentromeric region of short arm of Chr. 9, in which crossing-over is severely suppressed. The marker set was further tested on 12 FORL-resistance or susceptibility commercial cultivars. Unlike the biparental populations, frequent linkage break was observed for T1212 and D4 in commercial cultivars. T1212 and D4 showed 50% and 100% match with the phenotype, respectively. D4, a CAPS, was converted to a high resolution melting (HRM) marker and tested on 55 breeding lines from private seed companies (Fig.3). All breeding lines showed the HRM genotype for resistance allele, indicating that D4 can be useful for selecting FORL-resistance tomato plants.

In this study, enhancement of phosphorus and nitrogen recovery efficiency from livestock manure through Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) crystallization method has been suggested as an alternative to solve the problems of the existing phosphorus resource recovery method. It can become a useful fertilizer. This study focused on improvement of phosphorus resource recovery by changing energy density of ultrasonic dose for MAP crystallization. Solubilization rate (as phosphate/phosphorus) of phosphorus in livestock manure was measured by ultrasonic treatment. The energy density range of 100-50,000 of ultrasonic dose was determined. Optimal ultrasonic energy density was 1,000 dose as 64.5% of phosphate ratio. However, when the higher than 1,000 dose of ultrasonic energy density did not more improve phosphate solubilization ratio. Consequently, when use ultrasonic treatment at 1,000 dose of energy density, the phosphorus could recover approximately 65% from livestock manure by MAP crystallization. Moreover, this MAP becomes more valuable due to its nature as a slow-release fertilizer.

본 연구는 대두 부산물인 순물과 침지수가 고지방 식이에 의 해 비만이 유도된 마우스의 지방 제거에 미치는 영향을 조사하 였다. 침지수가 포함된 일반 사료를 섭이한 실험군의 체중 및 간 과 부고환 지방 조직 내 지방 축적은 현저히 적은 것으로 나타났 으며, 복부 내 내장 지방과 피하지방도 크게 발달하지 않은 것으 로 나타나 침지수는 체내 축적된 지방량을 효과적으로 감소시 키는 것으로 조사되었다. 침지수 식이군의 혈중 AST와 ALT의 활성은 대조군 수준으로 유지되었으며, 콜레스테롤 함량과 중 성 지질 농도가 감소되는 것으로 나타나 침지수가 고지방 식이 로 인한 혈중 효소 활성과 지질농도를 개선하는 것으로 조사되 었다. 특히 침지수는 metabolic sensor 단백질인 AMPK와 ACC 의 인산화를 촉진시켜 체내 지방산 산화에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 침지수는 복부 내 피하지방과 내장지방의 축 적을 억제하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 대두 부산물 중 침지 수는 비만이 유도된 마우스의 혈중 지질 함량을 개선할 뿐만 아 니라 체내 조직의 지방 축적을 완화시키거나 제거하는 데 효과 적일 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 산약(Dioscorea Rhizoma)이 급성 위궤양을 유발 한 흰쥐의 위장 장애에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 산약 분말사 료를 섭이한 실험군과 산약 분말액을 투여한 실험군의 궤양성 출혈은 1 일 이상 진행되었으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 서서히 호 전되었으며, 특히 산약즙을 처리한 실험군의 경우 급성 위궤양 유발직후에 국소적인 위점막 울혈만이 관찰되었다. 또한 산약 분말액과 산약즙을 투여한 실험군에서는 급성 위괘양 유발 후 증가되는 gastrin과 histamine의 농도가 감소되어 산약이 위산 의 과다 분비를 억제하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 산약을 투여한 모든 실험군에서 과도한 지질과산화물의 생성이 감소되었다. 이와 더불어 산약의 투여는 급성 위궤양에 의해 급격하게 증가 된 SOD와 GPX의 활성을 감소시키는 반면, CAT의 활성은 높여 주어 조직 내 항산화효소 활성을 정상 수준으로 회복시켜주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 산약은 급성 위궤양에 의한 위 조직의 손상을 감소시키고 혈장 성분과 항산화효소의 활성을 정상수준 으로 회복시켜 위궤양으로부터 위장기능을 개선하는데 높은 효 과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Cereal seeds, sorghum, foxtail millet, hog millet, adlay, and corn are traditionally used as health assistant as well as energy supplying food in Korea. While beneficial phytochemicals to human have revealed in cereals, the information on peptides from cereals is far less accumulated than major reserve protein. Here, we analyzed peptide profiles using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) in cereal seeds for construction of peptide information and attempted to develop peptide biomarkers for cereal identification. To optimize the analysis condition of SELDI-TOF MS, the effect of dilution factor on binding affinity to protein chips was tested using CM10 and Q10 arrays. Peptide clusters were significantly different at the level of 0.01 p-value. Peak spectra were the most stable in 1:50 of dilution factor in both chip arrays. Numbers of detected peak of 5 cereal seeds were 131 in CM10 and 74 in Q10 array. Each cereal was grouped as a cluster and well discriminated into different cluster in the level of 0.01 p-value. Numbers of potentially identified peptide biomarkers are 11, 13, 9, 5 and 12 in sorghum, foxtail millet, hog millet, adlay and corn, respectively. This study demonstrates that each cereal seed have own distinguishable specific peptides although their function are not identified yet in this study. In addition, the proteomic profiling using SELDI-TOF MS techniques could be a useful and powerful tool to discover peptide biomarker for discrimination and assess crop species, especially under 20 kDa.

A new rose variety, ‘Venus Berry’ was selected from the progenies of a cross between ‘Boy Friend’ and ‘GSR10315’ by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services(GARES) in 2011. ‘Venus Berry’ was crossed in 2007 and seedlings were produced. After the test of specific characters from 2008 to 2011, it was finally selected and named. ‘Venus Berry’ was developed because of distinctive characters such as growth uniformity and high yielding potential. The petal of flower is so thick and has no scratch. A standard type with large sized flower, it has light pink(Red Purple Group 69C) color flower. ‘Venus Berry’ takes 45 days from pruning to blooming and cut flower productivity was 194.1 stems/m2 in a year. The length of cut flower was long with 65.5 cm. It has 10.2 cm in flower diameter and 43.6 in petal numbers per flower. Vase life of the this cultivar could be as long as 12 days.

A new rose variety, ‘Love Letter’ was selected from the progenies of a cross between ‘Red Giant’ and ‘Ensemble’ by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services(GARES) in 2011. ‘Love Letter’ was crossed in 2007 and seedlings were produced. After the test of specific characters from 2008 to 2011, it was finally selected and named. ‘Love Letter’ was developed because of distinctive characters such as growth uniformity and high yielding potential. A standard type with large sized flower, It has red(Red Group 46A) color flower. ‘Love Letter’ takes 43 days from pruning to blooming and cut flower productivity was 152 stems/m2 in a year. The stems of cut flower have no thorn and the length was long with 70.5 cm. It has 9.3 cm in flower diameter and 32.4 in petal numbers per flower. Vase life of the this cultivar could be as long as 12 days.