서울 시내 유통점과 온라인 쇼핑몰에서 구입한 홍삼함 유식품 66건과 건강기능식품 홍삼제품 35건의 기능 성분 인 진세노사이드 함량을 비교·분석하였다. 홍삼함유식품 66건 중 전통시장에서 구입한 2건은 진세노사이드가 검출 되지 않았고 64건의 제품에서는 진세노사이드 함량에 대 한 기준은 없지만 일일 섭취량 기준 0.55-71.56 mg을 함 유하고 있었다. 건강기능식품의 홍삼제품은 진세노사이드 평균 함량이 분말형 제품을 제외하고 일일 섭취량 기준 18.23 mg으로 홍삼함유식품의 8.80 mg 보다 약 2배 정도 가 많았다. 홍삼과 흑삼 비교 시 진세노사이드 함량은 홍 삼 제품이 흑삼 제품보다 많거나 비슷하였으나 분말형 제 품의 경우 흑삼 제품이 2배 많았다. 제형별 진세노사이드 평균 함량은 일일섭취량 기준 농축액 21.95 mg으로 가장 많고 분말 형태 12.54 mg, 스틱형 7.36 mg, 파우치형이 4.10 mg 순이었다. 흑삼제품은 고기능성으로 알려져 있으 나 대부분 일반 식품으로 판매되고 있어 건강기능식품 수 준의 관리와 규제가 필요할 것으로 보이며 흑삼의 규격기 준 설정 이후에는 흑삼제품의 기능성분 함량 재평가가 필 요할 것으로 판단된다. 스틱형이나 농축액 제품의 경우 건강기능식품뿐만 아니라 일반식품인 액상차, 홍삼음료로도 널리 판매되고 있어 식품유형 표시를 명확히 해야 할 것 으로 보인다. 최근 면역력 향상을 위한 소비자의 관심 증 가로 다양한 건강기능식품의 수요가 늘어나고 있다. 따라 서 홍삼을 함유한 식품을 섭취 목적에 맞게 선택할 수 있 도록 정확한 함량정보 제공을 위해 다양한 제품에 대한 지속적인 품질평가가 필요하다.

Spodoptera exigua is one of the worldwide distributed agricultural pest insects and has been known to show high resistance to conventional chemical insecticides. Autographa california multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) has been used as eco-friendly biological control agent for S. exigua, as it exhibits high level of host specificity, stability and safety. In this study, for formulation of AcMNPV, the optimal conditions for mass-production of AcMNPV polyhedra was established using S. exigua larvae. Mass-produced AcMNPV polyhedra was formulated as wettable powder using microencapsulation method and its control efficacy against S. exigua was evaluated both in laboratory and semi-field experiment. Chinese cabbage treated with the AcMNPV formulation showed significantly reduced damage rates, suggesting that the AcMNPV formulation in this study could be useful for control of S. exigua

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is widely used as an environmentally friendly insecticide compared to chemical insecticides. However, challenges such as difficulty in direct practical application, limited efficacy duration, and stability have been identified. To solve these issues, formulation-based research is being extensively conducted. In this study, the high insecticidal activity strain Bt IMBL-B9, identified in previous research, was subjected to large-scale cultivation using a fermentor. Subsequently, various formulations were developed through formulation processes. and characteristics such as their wettability, suspensibility and particle size were assessed to select the optimized formulation.

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is a significant economic pest among thysanopterans because of its massive feeding damage and ability to spread tospovirus to hundreds of plant species worldwide. To control this pest, chemical insecticides have been used but become unsatisfactory in the control efficacy due to the rapid resistance development of F. occidentalis. The cost-effective chitosan-based nanoparticle (NP) formulations as dsRNA insecticide gave > 80% mortalities in 7 days in the field condition. Nevertheless, the usage of NP-based dsRNA is hindered by the conflict between the excessive expense of producing dsRNA and the massive quantity of materials required for field application. Many research reports have demonstrated microbial-based dsRNA production using the L4440 vector and HT115 (DE3) Escherichia coli for application to vertebrate and invertebrate systems. In this study, we aimed to compare chitosan NP and bacterial formulation-based dsRNA control tactics against F. occidentalis using RNAi against the vacuolartype ATPase (vATPase) gene.

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is often associated with skin damage, sometimes very serious, and in recent times has received particular attention as a health risk. As a result, the proper use of sunscreen has long been recommended to protect against skin damage. The continued increase in the use of sunscreen may be linked to increased information about the risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays. Natural and harmless materials that block and prevent UV light have emerged as essential household items in the field of skin beauty. New materials need to be considered and evaluated in relation to ultraviolet rays and their harmful effects. This study aims to explain the effect of UV exposure on human skin, the classification of sunscreens, the application of zeolite, nano clay, and LDH in sunscreen formulations, as well as the regulation of this service in various countries around the world.

This research purposely conducts to identify Malaysian role in port bilateral diplomacy in ASEAN. Malaysia known as role leader in ASEAN and commit with excellence, drive the country among ASEAN since 1969. The research included Malaysia role within maritime working group where this forum or organization discuss and negotiate any issue related maritime sector in ASEAN. The research also highlights in Port Enhancement and Malaysia Port Strategic whereas Port Development in Malaysia that contribute to Port Bilateral, Port Alliance and Port in ASEAN. The objective includes i) to identify the issues and challenges in bilateral diplomacy in port shipping, ii) to identify Malaysian marine department role toward integrating ASEAN Maritime Working Group, iii) to find out Malaysian initiative for enhancement Malaysian Port Development through ASEAN port alliances, iv) to formulate Malaysia Port Strategic Plan toward the development of national port ASEAN port Alliances. For the literature review in this research is refer to five keywords which is Port Alliances, maritime working group, Malaysia contribution, Malaysia Port Development and Port Strategic Plan. This research is using qualitative method that refer to previous research, article, and journal. The collecting data consist of text transcribe form interview session into verbal and text written. There are selected organization such as Ministry of Transport and Port Authority. The interview process through online using Webex. The coding process take afterward for analysis and conclusion data. The theory formulation of relation diplomacy for this research is propose the objective to formulate Malaysia port strategic plan toward the development of national port ASEAN. Finally, the finding of this research that Malaysia plays significant role in port operation through ASEAN regional. The ministry of Transport plays as policy maker and drive the actor form Malaysia Marine Department and Port Authority in operation and regulatory. The recommendation is to increase the effectiveness of communication and enhance the efficiency of relation toward port bilateral.

느티만가닥버섯 ‘햇살’ 품종에 대한 봉지재배 안정생산 재배기술을 개발하기 위하여 포플러(미루나무) 톱밥을 주배지로 하고 밀기울, 미강, 건비지, 면실박, 팜커널등 5종 의 영양원배지 재료를 혼합하여 배지를 조성하여 재배시험을 수행하였다. 배지혼합 전 재료들에 대한 열수추출 배지들에 대한 버섯균사 생장은 팜커널에서 가장 우수하였으며 균사밀도의 경우 포플러배지를 제외하고 모두 우수하였다. 조성배지들에 대한 버섯발생 안정성, 재배기간, 수량성을 기준으로 조사한 결과 포플러톱밥, 밀기울, 미강, 건비지, 팜커널이 55:15:20:5:65(v/v) 수준으로 조합된 T6 배지에서 생육기간이 단축되고 수량이 높아 봉지재배에 적합한 배지로 선발하였다. 선발배지에 대한 균사배양 완료기간은 38.0일로 대조로 이용된 T1배지에 비하여 1.7일 더 소요되었다. 그러나 균긁기 이후 수확시까지 소요되는 기간은 18.0일로 대조배지(T1)를 이용한 재배기간보다 1.0일 단축됨에 따라 총 재배기간은 68.0일이 소요되었다. 선발배지에 대한 수량은 144.7 g으로 대조배지(T1) 수량 112.5 g보다 약 28.6%가 증가되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해 느티만가닥버섯 ‘햇살’ 품종의 봉지재배 적합배지로 포플러톱밥, 밀기울, 미강, 건비지, 팜커널이 55:15:20:5:5 (v/v) 비율로 혼합된 배지조성을 선발하였다. 선발배지에 대한 이화학적 특성으로 수분함량은 60.8%, pH 6.0, 전질소 함량은 0.83% 수준이었다.

본 연구에서는 유화안정제 중 하나인 cetyl alcohol 함량에 따른 천연 염모제 헤나의 유화 안정성을 분석하고 가장 안정한 유화를 나타내는 cetyl alcohol 함량을 확인하였다. 유화 안정성을 분석하기 위해 cetyl alcohol의 함량에 따른 입자 크기, 입자 형태, 점도 및 염색 후 색상의 차이를 비교하였다. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) zeta 분석 결과, cetyl alcohol 3 %가 zeta potential 값이 115.9 mV로 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, 입자크기분포는 cetyl alcohol의 함량이 3 %인 크림 제형 염모제가 증류수에 분산된 헤나와 비교해 입도분포의 폭이 좁았다. 점도계 분석 결과 cetyl alcohol의 함량이 증가할수록 점도가 증가하였고, 크림 제형의 헤나 pH 측정 결과 두피에 적합한 pH 범위로 측정되었다. 또한 헤나 크림 제형 염모제에서는 cetyl alcohol의 함량이 증가할수록 유화 안정성이 증가하였다.

The primary purpose of this paper is to know which formulation of FET standard among the diverse drafting approaches best serves the interests of both States and investors. In this respect, the paper first will have a review of general categorization of FET in a number of IIAs. Subsequently, it will focus on the two most controversial formulations of FET: (1) as a standalone clause and (2) with reference to the minimum standard of treatment under customary international law. In light of this, it will discuss the impact of the various FET drafts on the decisions of arbitral tribunals dealing with this standard. Lastly, the paper will also explore the most recent approaches to the formulation of FET to see if they are capable of brining clarity in the overall discussion of FET’s formulation as well as interpretation. In short, these recent constructions of FET clauses may best serve these interests as they bring clarity.