This paper considers a problem of optimizing torch paths to cut stock plates nested with open contours. For each contour, one of the two ending points is to be selected as a starting point of cutting with the other being the exit point. A torch path is co

UBVI CCD photometry is obtained for the Ruprecht 93 (Ru 93)region. We are unable to confirm the existence of an intermediate-age open cluster in Ru 93 from the spatial distribution of blue stars. On the other hand, we find two young star groups in the observed field: the nearer one (Ru 93 group) comprises the field young stars in the Sgr-Car arm at d ≈ 2.1 kpc, while the farther one (WR 37 group) is the young stars around WR 37 at d ≈ 4.8 kpc. We derive an abnormal extinction law (RV = 3.5) in the Ruprecht 93 region.

Next to Paper I (Jeon 2009a), time-series BV CCD images of the open cluster M38 were taken for 4 nights on December, 2009. The observations have been carried out for total 27 nights. In addition to the 20 variable stars in the Paper I, the discovery of 44 new variable stars has been presented in this paper: 6δ Scuti stars, 2γ Doradus stars, 18 eclipsing binaries and 18 semi-long periodic and/or slow irregular type variable stars. For the V photometry of the δ Scuti and γ Doradus stars, multi-frequency analysis was performed using the Discrete Fourier Transform and linear least-square fitting. The period search for the eclipsing binaries and the semi-long periodic and/or slow irregular type variable stars was performed by phase fitting method. As a result, the periods for 23 variable stars among the 44 ones were defined.

본 연구에서는 호남 SG사업에서 진행하고 있는 영재교육육성 활동에 대해 언급하고자 한다. 해양영재육성프로그램의 목적은 호남지 역의 중․고등학교 학생들을 대상으로 해양생태 및 해양과학기술에 대한 체험교육을 실시할 수 있는 적절한 교육 프로그램을 개발하고 그 프로 그램을 바탕으로 교육을 실시하여 미래의 해양 전문 인력들이 해양에 대한 관심을 갖고 해양산업의 발전에 기여할 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 도시 학생들에 비해 전문화된 교육의 기회가 적은 도서지역 학생들에게 해양생물의 해부, 선박조종 및 선박 기기의 견학을 통해 해양과 관련 분야에 대한 관심을 고취시킬 수 있었다. 오픈 랩 프로그램의 가장 큰 성과는 대학의 시설 및 전문 인력을 지역 청소년 교육에 활용하여 지역사회의 영 재교육에 기여하고, 도서지역 학생들에게 해양과학기술에 대한 직접적인 체험활동 기회를 부여하여 해양에 대한 관심을 이끌어 낸 것이라 할 수 있다.

This study compares the differences between a multiple-choice (MC) and an open-ended (OE) reading comprehension test in a within-subject design to investigate test validity by comparing the two methods. A total of 70 Korean undergraduates participated in the present study. After taking a cloze test, participants read a passage, returned it and took two types of reading comprehension tests. Results showed that there was a statistical difference between the two test methods in a within-subjects design, which agrees with previous between-subjects studies. The higher scores on the MC format were attributed to three reasons: memory constraint, the nature of the task, and test-taking strategy. Further analysis indicated that both proficiency level groups were significantly affected by the test methods. Moreover, both the MC and OE tests significantly separated the two proficiency levels. Information from a survey provides more information regarding differences between the two test methods.

We present JHK near-infrared photometric study for the old open cluster (OC) Trumpler 5 (Tr 5), based on the 2MASS data. From the color-magnitude diagrams of Tr 5, we have located the position of the red giant clump (RGC) stars, and used the mean magnitude of the RGC stars in K-band to estimate the distance to Tr 5, d = 3:1±0:1 kpc ((m-M)0 = 12:46±0:04). From fitting the theoretical isochrones of Padova group, we have estimated the reddening, metallicity, and age : E(B-V ) = 0:64±0:05, [Fe/H] = -0:4 ± 0:1 dex, and t = 2:8 ± 0:2 Gyr (log t = 9:45 ± 0:04), respectively. These parameters generally agree well with those obtained from the previous studies on Tr 5 and confirms that this cluster is an old OC with metallicity being metal-poorer than solar abundance, located in the anti-Galactic center region.

From the short-period variability survey (SPVS) in Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, I obtained time-series BV CCD images in the region of the young open cluster M29 (NGC 6913) for 15 nights from May 30, 2008 to September 17, 2009. I observed 48 variable stars including 45 new ones. They consisted of 5 δ Scuti, a Cepheid, 16 eclipsing binaries and 24 semi-long periodic and/or slow irregular type variable stars including β Cephei and LPB type stars. For the rest two ones, the type of variability was not defined. I also checked the variability of the 26 known variable stars listed in the GCVS. Only three ones among 26 known variable stars confirmed variability.

From the short-period variability survey (SPVS) in Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, we obtained time-series BV CCD images in the region of an open cluster M38 (NGC 1912) for 23 nights from February 1, 2007 to December 7, 2008. We found 18 δ Scuti stars and 2 γ Doradus stars. Among them, only 3 δ Scuti stars were known ones. From the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of M38, most of them have been located in the instability strip. The two γ Doradus stars have been located within γ Doradus strip of M38. But, only four δ Scuti stars were located within radius 10' from the center of M38. To confirm of their membership for M38, we need more study, such as, proper motion by spectroscopic observation.

As the primary mode of long distance transport between nations, international air transport plays an essential role in the development and prosperity of the global economy. While other services sectors have benefited immensely from the multilateral trading system, the air transport services have long been dominated by restrictive bilateral arrangements since the Chicago Conference of 1944. Following the successful deregulation of its domestic air transport regimes, the United States initiated an Open Skies campaign toward international air services liberalization in 1990s. The conclusion of the U.S.- EU Open Skies Agreement in April 2007 represents a landmark in the liberalization of international air services. This historic deal not only heralded a new era in transatlantic aviation, but also strengthened the path-dependence of air transport services liberalization. As a major economic power and potential aviation power, China would benefit immensely from the liberalization of air services. However, base on actual conditions, a controllable and phased-in approach toward liberalization is a more rational choice for China at present.

현대사회가 기술을 기반으로 발전하면서 기술발달의 요체인 원천기술의 공개에 대한 필요가 증대되면서 오픈소스의 개념이 도출되었다. 오픈소스는 소스코드의 공개만을 의미하는 것이 아니다. 이는 소프트웨어 특허를 통한 독점·배타적 보호가 오히려 소프트웨어 산업과 기술의 발전에 저해요인이 된다는 것을 기초로 전개되었다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. 이러한 오픈소스를 기반으로 한 오픈소스소프트웨어 라이센스에 관한 법적 쟁점은 특허와 관계된 것과 저작권과 관계된 것으로 나눌 수 있다. 저작권은 이용허락의 형태로 체결되고, 특허는 실시권의 형태로 체결된다. 오픈소스라이센스 계약은 공개여부, 권리자의 표시, 재배포의 문제로 분류하여 고려되어야 할 것이다. 결국 OSS라이센스는 산업의 발전을 위해 원천기술의 공개와 이를 바탕으로 한 신기술의 개발 사이에서 발생할 수 있는 문제에 대한 논의이고, 궁극적으로는 지적재산권의 태생적 한계에 대한 논의이다. 따라서 권리의 다발이라고 일컬어지는 지적재산권은 권리자의 보호범위가 넓어질수록 이용자의 권리와 문화·기술의 발전에 저해요인이 되므로 이러한 오픈소스운동과 같은 순기능의 실현이 더욱 필요하리라 여겨진다.

Purpose : This study measured obiectively the accommodative responses stimulated by push-up method and minus lens method with the NVision-K 5001 open-field autorefractor, and compared the results with previously published data. Methods : Forty-five subiects aged 19 to 29 years (mean 22. 7±2.4 years) participated in this study. Three conditions were used to stimulate accommodation and accommodative responses were measured objectively by NVision-K 5001 : (1) push-up test under binocular viewing condition ; the target was placed at vergence ranging from 0-50 in 1D steps. (2) push-up test under monocular viewing condition ; the target was placed at vergence ranging from 1-50 in 1D steps. (3) minus lens test under monocular viewing condition ; a distant(6 m) target viewed through increasing powered minus lenses from 1-50 in 10 steps. Trial lens calibration procedures were also performed to assess the accuracy of the NVision-K 5001. Results : The calib1·ation of NVision-1< 5001 wilh trial lenses showed linear regression equation which was close to the idea! 1 : 1 line(y = -1.005x + 0.060, r2 = 0.999. p < 0.001). The accommodative responses measured with the NVision-K 5001 for the push-up and minus lens- stimulated accommodation progressively lagged behind the increasing acconunodative stimulus. 8oth push-up methods under monocular and binocular viewing conditions showed significanlly higher acconunodative responses than minus lens method(p < 0.001). Push-up method under binocular viewing condition demonstrated slightly higher accommodative responses compared with monocular condition, but the difference was not significant(p = 0.958). Conclusion : The objective accommodative responses stimulated by push-up and minus lens method and measured with open-field autorefractor showed good agreement with previously published data.

We present UBV I photometry of the old open cluster NGC 1193. Color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of this cluster show a well defined main sequence and a sparse red giant branch. For the inner region of r < 50′′, three blue straggler candidates are newly found in addition to the objects Kaluzny (1988) already found. The color-color diagrams show that the reddening value toward NGC 1193 is E(B − V ) = 0.19 ± 0.04. From the ultraviolet excess measurement, we derived the metallicity to be [Fe/H]= −0.45 ± 0.12. A distance modulus of (m −M)0 = 13.3 ± 0.15 is obtained from zero age main sequence fitting with the empirically calibrated Hyades isochrone of Pinsonneault et al. (2004). CMD comparison with the Padova isochrones by Bertelli et al. (1994) gives an age of log t = 9.7±0.1.

오픈마켓 중심의 인터넷쇼핑의 성장세가 애초의 기대를 훨씬 능가하는 수준으로 진행됨에 따라 온라인 소비자의 의사결정 및 행동에 관한 연구도 활발히 이루어 지고 있다. 본 연구는 최근 인터넷 쇼핑시장의 성장세를 주도하고 있는 오픈마켓 쇼핑 경험자를 대상으로 실제 오픈마켓형 인터넷 쇼핑몰이 제공하는 의사결정 지원기능이 의사결정의 효율성과 만족에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석․검증하였다. 연구의 주요결과를 요약하면, 첫째 오픈마켓의 의사결정지원기능들이 고객의

From the short-period variability survey (SPVS), we obtained time-series BV CCD images in the region of an open cluster M50 (NGC 2323) for 10 nights from 2008 February 9 to 27. The observation was performed using a small refracting telescope ( ϕ=155mm, f=1050mm) in Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO). M50 is included in the observing field of ASAS (The All Sky Automated Survey). In the region of M50, we found 8 new variable stars including two δ Scuti stars with short-periods and very small amplitudes. There are known nine variable stars by the catalogues of ASAS and GCVS in the region. We confirmed the variability of the known variable stars for six and non-variability for three.