In this study, to stabilize the heavy metal in the contaminated soils, the column leaching test based on rainfall and pH value was performed by using coal mine drainage sludge(CMDS): which was generated during electrical purification of abandoned coal mine wastewater. Four types of testing column were used in this study. That were the CMDS and the heavy metal contaminated soils well mixed in 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 3 wt% layered column. According to the investigation, when the influent pH was 5.5∼6.2, there were no heavy metal elution at all conditions, and when the influent pH was 3∼3.3, the order of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr elution concentration was 3 wt% M(mixed)＜3 wt% S(separation)＜1 wt% M＜0 wt% and the average elution concentration was quite low, the value was 0.005 mg/L. Therefore, CMDS can used as new stabilizer of the heavy metal in the contaminated soils.

Sequential passes through columns were used to select phages that displays ligands for dextran (-1,6 linked linear chains) from a phage antibody library. Those phages that bound to the in each iteration were replicated in E. coli. A phage preparation isolated on the third round selection produced 5.4 nephelos turbidity units (NTU) in a dextran specific immunonephelometric assay, a 2.2 fold higher value than the phage preparation from the first round selection. This phage gave normalized intensity (N.I.) in a dip-stick assay against high molecular size dextran (T2000, 30\;{\pm}\;610^4\beta-galactosidase linked assay and polymerase chain reaction.

본 연구에서는 달천광산 토양 내 중금속의 함량을 알아보고 지화학적인 형태를 알아보고자 달천광산의 광미와 인근 저수지의 토양을 채취하여 화학분석법(전함량분석, 연속추출분석)을 적용하였다. 분석결과 달천광산 토양 내 중금속은 철 〉 비소 〉구리 〉 납 〉 크롬 순으로 높은 값을 보이며 특히 63 μm 이하의 토양에서 가장 높게 나타나 As, Cu, Pb 등 유해 중금속의 거동이 미립질 토양을 구성하는 광물과 연관되어 있음을 알려주었다. 연속추출 분석 결과, 인근 저수지 토양의 경우, 63 μm 이하의 입도에저 철 〉 납 〉 구리 〉 비소 〉 크롬의 순으로 나타났다. 달천랑산 광미에서 측정된 비소는 양이온교환 형태로 존재하는 비율이 다른 형태에 비하여 가장 높은 값을 보이고 따라서 상대적으로 이동이 훨씬 용이한 것으로 추정된다. 광미와 인근 저수지의 토양 내 포함된 중금속의 전함량과 더불어 물리 화학적 결합상태에 따른 중금속의 존재형태를 규명하는 것은 중금속으로 오염된 토양을 복원하기 위한 기초 자료로 매우 중요하다. 더 나아가서 As와 Cr과 같은 독성 유해중금속의 화학종에 따른 유해성 평가를 위한 기초자료로 중요성이 있으며 지표수 및 지하수 환경오염의 정밀 연구를 위해 필수적이다.

신선편이 당근채 세척시 오존수 사용에 의한 품질 및 안전성 향상 효과를 구명하기 위해 연구를 수행하였다. 세척 당근을 절단한 뒤 100ppm의 염소수에 1, 2회 세척 및 오존발생장치에서 공급되는 초기 오존수 농도 2ppm에서 1,5, 20분 세척한 뒤 투과율 필름으로 포장하여 에서 3주간 저장되었다. 당근채의 오존수 세척처리는 저장 중 포장내부의 기체 조성, 당근채의 품질 및 미생물 수에 영향을 미쳤다. 오존수 20분 처리는 당근채 저장

Deposited road particles (DRPs) were analysed for heavy metal concentrations at four different roads in a city, Korea. The samples were collected using a roadway surface vacuum cleaning vehicle which was commonly used in collecting roadway surface particles. Six particle size ranges were analyzed separately for twelve heavy metal elements (Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Al, As, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Hg). At all sampling sites, the high concentration of the heavy metals occurred in the <74um particle size range, which conventional roadway cleaning vehicles do not remove efficiently. The Pb concentration significantly increased with decreasing particle size of DRPs, and other toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Ni) also showed similar results. The heavy metal concentrations in the smaller size fraction of DRPs is important because they are contaminants that are preferentially transported by road runoff during rainfall.

경상남도 고성군에 위치한 삼산제일 삼봉 동광산 주변지역의 중금속 오염현황을 조사하기 위하여 하천수와 하상퇴적물을 채취하여 화학적 분석을 수행하였다. 이와 더불어, 중금속 오염도와 환경위해성을 평가하기 위하여 왕수분해법과 연속추출법을 이용하여 분석된 하상퇴적물 내 중금속의 총 농도와 화학적 존재형태에 따른 농도를 바탕으로 한 오염지수와 위험지수를 산정하였다. 삼봉광산 지역보다는 삼산제일광산 지역에서 중금속 오염도도 높게 나타났을 뿐만 아니라 그 환경위해성도 훨씬 심각한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이렇게 두 지역에서 오염현황, 오염도, 환경위해성 등이 다르게 나타나는 이유는 갱내수와 같은 광산 오염원의 존재여부와 지질학적 특성에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다. 삼산제일광산 지역의 경우 산성광산배수가 지속적으로 유출되어 하류 수계로 유입되고 있기 때문에 갱내수가 존재하지 않은 삼봉광산지역보다는 하류 수계에 대한 중금속 오염이 보다 더 악화되어 나타나는 것으로 보인다. 또한, 삼산제일광산 지역 주변 지질은 주로 안산암질 암류로 이루어져 있는데, 이들 안산암질 암류 내에는 산성광산배수를 중화시킬 수 있는 pH 완충력이 큰 탄산염 광물 등의 함량이 크지 않기 때문에 수계에서 중금속 오염이 자연적으로 정화되는 정도가 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 보인다. 이에 비해, 삼봉광산 지역의 지질은 방해석과 같은 탄산염 광물을 다량 함유한 화산쇄설성 퇴적암층인 고성층으로 이루어져 있어서, 이들 탄산염 광물들에 기인한 높은 pH 완충력에 의하여 중금속 오염이 하류 수계 방향으로 확산되지 못하는 것으로 판단된다.

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) contents in the sewage sludge derived from the residential and industrial areas were determined in order to characterize contemporary organic contamination levels as a part of the ongoing development of the environmentally sound sewage sludge management strategy in Korea. OPPs were extracted from freeze-dried sludges in a ultrasonic extractor. The extracts were cleaned-up by florisil column and subsequently fed into gas chromatograph/nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC/NPD) for determining OPP contents. Diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton, EPN, malathion, methyl parathion, parathion, phorate and sulfotep were present in the appreciable amount in the domestic sewage sludges. The sum of the 9 OPPs in the sewage sludge varied from 534.8 to 15552.1 ㎍/kg, dry wt..

일회용 주방용품의 미생물학적 안전성 확보를 위한 연구의 일환으로 17개 제품군, 총 51종의 일회용 주방용품에 대한 미생물 오염도 평가와 함께 오염된 미생물을 효과적으로 살균할 수 있는 방안으로 감마선 살균 방법을 적용하였다. 일반호기성세균, 대장균군, 곰팡이 Salmonella의 오염도 평가 결과, 대장균군과 Salmonella는 거의 검출되지 않았으나 일반호기성 세균은 전체 시료의 약에서 수준으로 검출되어 일회용 주방용품의 위생화가 필요함을

The 16 priority PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) designated by US Environmental Protection Agency were analyzed for some digested sludges from wastewater treatment plants in Korea. PAHs are an important group of organic contaminants present in sewage sludge due to their persistence and toxic potential. PAHs were extracted from freeze-dried sludges using a methylene chloride-methanol (2:1) mixture in a soxhlet extractor. The extracts were cleaned-up by silica gel/alumina combination column and subsequently fed into gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) for determining PAH contents. The sum of the 16 PAHs in the sewage sludge varied from 534.8 to 5754.5 ㎍/kg, dry wt.. In the sewage sludge, phenanthrene appears as the most abundant PAHs, followed by naphthalene, pyrene, fluoranthene. Source of the investigated sewage sludges relatively predominated pyrogenic. PAHs levels of sewage sludges in Korea appeared to be lower than those in other countries.

Dust samples were collected from 17 middle and high schools in the Jeonju-city. Heavy metal concentrations were determined for the dry-deposited dusts from indoor and outdoor of classroom and playground of each sampling site. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in indoor's dusts were highly concentrated. Also heavy metal concentrations in outdoor's dusts were similar to that of indoor's dusts. Concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn in the dusts were much higher than the world average contents in soil and environmental orientation value. These levels are similar to those of the dust samples at middle schools located at Kangseo-gu and Yangchon-gu, Seoul. Playground dusts in 6 schools exhibited the enhanced heavy metal pollution with a pollution index (by Kloke) greater than 1.0. Most indoor and outdoor dusts exhibited the enhanced heavy metal pollution with a pollution index (by Culbard et al.) greater than 1.0.

PCBs and DDE were determined in the soil samples and the Korean striped field mice, Apodemus agrarius, collected at six localities in Changwon and one locality in Gaduck Island from August 1997 to May 1998. The residual level of PCBs in soils, in which the concentrations of high chlorinated compounds were much higher than those of low chlorinated ones, was highest in the industrial area(IA) in Changwon(60.7 ng/g in average), whereas those of DDE in soils was highest in Gaduck Island(331.9 ng/g in average). However, the levels of each compound detected from soils in the respective remaining places were relatively low. The similar tendency as in the soils was observed in the mice, indicating that the concentration of pollutants in the mice could denote the status of pollution in the terrestrial environment. The composition of PCB congeners in the mice, however, was different from that of soils, but similar to those of other mammals. Moreover, the residual levels of PCBs and DDE in pregnant females from which fetuses were removed were lower than those of males and non-pregnant females. It suggests that these compounds accumulated in pregnant females might have been transferred to the fetuses through placenta as in other mammals. Judging from the above facts, it is suggested that the striped field mouse can be an useful biological index to evaluate the contamination in mammals inhabiting terrestrial environment.

Pyrite contained in wasted ore dumps induces a strong acid environment when it contacts oxygenated rainfall. Present research was designed to evaluate the pollution of an area that is supposedly contaminated by pyrite of ore wasted dumps form in Chonju Il Mine. Measured are the pH and selected heavy metal elements in the supposedly polluted hydrologic system. The samples include three types those collected from the stream waters; those from the stream sediments; and those from the rice field soil scattered over the area. The dispersion path of the pollution source was also traced. The pH of the hydrologic system ranged from 3.44 to 5.46, which clearly indicates that the area is on the acid environment. The pH tends to rise as the distance from the minehead increases. The content of heavy metal elements dissolved in the stream water varies as follows; Mn=69.73∼1.99ppm, Cd=0.02∼0.03ppm, Zn=0.77∼1.18ppm, Cu=0.04∼0.13ppm, Pb=0.22∼0.32ppm. The stream water in this state may induce serious heavy metal pollution to the agricultural land and the water for human life especially in the villages down the stream. The content of heavy metal elements dissolved in the stream sediment varies as follows; Mn=245.0∼4685.0ppm, Cd=10.0∼15.0ppm, Zn=105.0∼210.0ppm, Cu=65.0∼155.0ppm, Pb=90.0∼150.0ppm. The content of heavy metal elements dissolved in the rice field soil varies as follows; Mn=185.0∼260.0ppm, Cd=10.0∼15.0ppm, Zn=135.0∼180.0ppm, Cu=65.0∼90.0ppm, Pb=100.0∼130.0ppm. The pollution index in the stream sediment and the rice field soil is 1.36∼2.03, which shows that pollution had already begun all over the area where the samples were collected.

This study estimate the degree of contamination in the streamwater around the Sudokwon landfill site. It was sampled at 10 sites in Jan., Apr., Jul. and Oct., 1996. There were analyzed five kinds of toxic chemical material-CN, ABS, PCB, As, Org-P, and four kinds of heavy metal-Pb, Hg, Cd, C_r^+6. The result are 1)The COD was generally increased to compare before landfill, 2)The Org-P and PCB were not detected at all points, 3)The concentrations of Pb, C_r^+6 and As were lower than the environmental criteria values, 4)The CN, Hg and Cd were over envirommental criteria values, and so emergent regulation is needed, 5)The effects of the streamwater contamination were not only the leachate of the landfill, but also the small factories and agricultural land around the landfill.

In order to analyze the water quality variation of surface water around the Sudokwon landfill site, seasonal variations of water temperature, pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, NH_3-N. NO_2-N, and NO_3-N were examined at 10 sites from January to December, 1996. It was found that the estimates of COD, DO, SS, and NH_3-N were increased compared with the results of environmental impact assessment carried out in 1988. Higher estimates of COD, DO, and SS were due to industrial and agricultural wastewater, and the increase of NH_3-N at Jangdo reservoir site was due to the leachate from the landfill. In particular, the estimate of SS was found to be increased by the soil wash from the landfill during the heavy rainy days.