1. 포장에서 벼, 잎집썩음병 이병율은 일본형장려품종에는 거의 전무였으나 대체로 인도형품종 및 IR계통 또는 품종은 경-중도였다. 모든 공시품종 또는 계통은 종자에 접종하면 감염되었다. 실내에서 종자접한 결과는 몇 예외를 제외하고 포장에서의 이병율과 대체로 비슷하였다. 2. 벼, 잎집썩음병균의 배양여액은 벼, 보리, 밀, 호밀, 유채의 초엽 및 유근의 생육을 억제하였다. 특히 벼품종 통일은 진흥보다 현저히 초엽 및 유근의 생육이 억제되었다. 3. 병균 배양여액은 도열병균의 포자발아를 억제하였으나 깨씨무늬병균에는 영향이 없었다.

①Connecting Spread를 일정하게 하고 Towing Line의 길이를 변화시킬 때 각 속도에 따른 망고 및 망폭 Towing line의 길이가 길어질수록 망고는 높아지고 망폭은 좁아진다. ② Towing line의 길이를 일정하게 하고 Connecting Spread를 변화시킬 때 망고 및 망폭은 Connecting Spread가 넓어질 수록 망폭은 넓어지나 망고는 거의 변화가 없다.

The unified scheme of Seyfert galaxies hypothesizes that the observed differences between the two categories of Seyfert galaxies, type 1 (Sy1) and type 2 (Sy2) are merely due to the difference in the orientation of the toroidal shape of the obscuring material in the active galactic nuclei. We used in this paper, a sample consisting of 120 Seyfert galaxies at 1.40 × 109 Hz in radio, 2.52 × 1017 Hz in X-ray and 2.52 × 1023 Hz in γ-ray luminosities observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi- LAT) in order to test the unified scheme of radio-quiet Seyfert galaxies. Our main results are as follows: (i) We found that the distributions of multiwave luminosities (Lradio, LX-ray, and Lγ-ray) of Sy1 and Sy2 are completely overlapped with up to a factor of 4. The principal component analysis result reveals that Sy1 and Sy2 also occupy the same parameter spaces, which agrees with the notion that Sy1 and Sy2 are the same class objects. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test performed on the sub-samples indicates that the null hypothesis (both are from the same population) cannot be rejected with chance probability p ~ 0 and separation distance K = 0.013. This result supports the fact that there is no statistical difference between the properties of Sy1 and Sy2 (ii) We found that the coefficient of the best-fit linear regression equation between the common properties of Sy1 and Sy2 is significant (r > 0.50) which plausibly implies that Sy1 and Sy2 are the same type of objects observed at different viewing angle.

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 중등교사들의 ICT 활용 및 인식에 따른 하위집단을 분류하고 교사 수준과 학교 수준의 영향요인을 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 ICILS 2018의 학교와 교사 자료를 활용하여 다층 잠재프로파일 분석을 수행하였다. 잠재집단 분류를 위해 ICT 활용 실태는 교사 주도 활용, 학생 주도 활용, 평가 활용, 일방향적 도구 사용, 상호작용적 도구 사용, 전문성 개발 활동 참여를, ICT 활용에 대한 인식은 ICT 자아효능감, ICT 활용의 긍정적/부정적 결과 인식, 협업에 대한 인식을 변수로 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 잠재집단은 저수준집단(27.6%), 평균집단(45.1%), 활용고수준집단(14.2%), 소통고수준집단(10.2%), 활용소통고수준집단(3.0%)으로 분류되었다. 잠재 집단 분류에 영향을 주는 요인으로 교사 수준에서는 연령대와 담당과목이, 학교 수준에서는 학교 규모, 지역규모, 전문성개발풍토가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 학교 내 전문성개발풍토가 교사의 ICT 활용과 인식을 높이는 주요한 요인이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 시사점을 도출하고 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

COVID-19 pandemic has made the economy in Indonesia sluggish, especially Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Simultaneously, the SMEs existence in Indonesia is fundamental and considered important by the government since it is able to assist numerous laborers and become an income source for the lower and middle classes of the community. The productivity of SME in a region will undeniably influence the availability of job and, of course, reduce the number of unemployed. Therefore, in this study, the researchers looked at how to improve SMEs performance to continue to exist amid the COVID-19 pandemic, by identifying the relationships between product characteristics, market competitive strategies, and the performance of SMEs. The research was done on SMEs in West Java, Indonesia. The example employed was Batik SMEs in Cirebon with at least 10 years in existence, and the total number of these SMEs was 165. As the basis of a quantitative approach, this study employed survey instruments by distributing a questionnaire. In analyzing the data, it utilized the structural equation modeling (SEM). The result showed a significant relationship between Product Characteristics, Market Competitive Strategy, and Price and Product Success Rate on SMEs Performance. This study’s findings contribute to the SMEs performance literature.

This study’s primary purpose is to explore the psychological capital roles and personality traits of Big-Five in predicting OCB (organizational citizenship behavior) and performance of task in Indonesia’s electricity sector. The data were gathered from the employees of four major cities in Indonesia, in Southeast Sulawesi, comprising 246 employees. The data were analyzed utilizing a PLS (partial least squares) based SEM (structural equation modeling) technique. The findings indicate that the psychological capital and personality traits of Big-Five relate significantly to OCB and the performance of task. Nevertheless, against our expectations, OCB does not significantly relate to the performance of task. This study also discusses the findings’ further implications. In terms of practical implications, the findings of this research stipulate that psychological capital and Big-Five personality traits aimed to improve employee performance and can be most effective if specifically targeted at OCB. Given that both variables play an important role to promote OCB, caring training initiatives that focus on mutual help can be very valuable for organizational improvement. In a managerial perspective, organizations can increase OCB by conducting open communication strategies between managers and employees to further stimulate and strengthen the ability of employees to display extra-role behaviors.

The main aim of the study is to test a house pricing model by combining hedonic and asset-based pricing models. An understanding of the relationship between house pricing and its return (the rental income) helps to establish houses as a significant asset class. The model tested the relationship between house pricing (dependent variable) and the house attributes (independent variables) derived from Freeman’s framework of housing attributes. This study uses a large data-set of 1,899 sample of new, high-end houses purchased between 2016 and 2019 collected from the national capital region of India (Delhi-NCR). The algorithm was built in R-Script, and stepwise multiple linear regression was used to analyze the model. The analysis of the model proves that the three significant variables, namely, carpet area, pay-off, and annual maintenance charges explain the price function. Further, the model is statistically fit. The major contribution of the study is to understand the key factors and their influence on the house pricing. The model will be helpful in risk assessment in the housing investment and enhance the chances of investment. Policy-makers can use information about the underlying valuation drivers of the house prices to stabilize the market and also in framing the tax policies.

In this case study, seismic category I class electrical equipment in NPP was manufactured and a modal testing was performed using an impact hammer to measure the dynamic characteristics. In the case of electrical cabinets, various safety related components are mounted in the internal frame. Therefore, FEM model that appropriately reflects the local mode is required. To reflect both global and local mode to FEM model, modal testing should be carried out. For implementing the global mode, accelerometers were installed at twenty-eight points of the outline plate edge, and responses for local mode were measured at seven crucial points and compared those results.

This research presents effectiveness of fiber-reinforced polymer column jacketing system for a non-ductile reinforced concrete building frame constructed before the 1970s. To investigate the retrofit effects, a series of full-scale dynamic tests for the retrofitted test frame was conducted, and the dynamic responses were compared to those of the non-retrofitted test frame. The effectiveness of the retrofit system was investigated in terms of response reductions, damage mechanisms and drift concentration factors.

The purpose of this research is to develop nondestructive equipment using magnetic flux leakage(MFL) principle and to confirm the accuracy of the equipment. The equipment consist of a magnetization part, a sensor part, and a data storage part. The parameters of specimens for equipment verification are the length and the area of flaws. It was confirmed that the equipment accurately probed the locations of the flaws in the specimens, and grout had little effect on the results of the test.

농촌의 변화에 대비하여 농특산품 품질을 향상하기 위해 농업인 역량 범위가 생산에서 가공 및 유통까지 확대되고 있다. 이에 농촌 관련 정부기관을 중심으로 농업인 역량 범위 확대에 속하는 포장 및 브랜드 등 농산물 가치를 높이는 디자인 관련 교육이 한시적으로 운영하고 있으나 한계성이 있으며 체계적인 교육의 요구도가 높다. 이에 본 연구는 이를 참고하여 브랜드 디자인을 중심으로 교육 프로그램을 개발하고자 하며 기초설문을 통해 브랜드 디자인 교육 필요성 및 요구도가 높음을 파악하였으며 이를 참고하여 농업인(10인)과 전문가(10인)로 나누어 심층면담조사를 통해 분석하고 그 결과를 농업인 의견과 전문가 의견으로 비교 분류하여 종합 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 토대로 브랜드 디자인 및 교육 전문가 협의회를 구성하여 3회차를 통해 농업인 브랜드 디자인 단계, 수준, 역량 정의, 교육시간, 방식, 커리큘럼, 세부내용 등을 구성하여 실제 활용할 수 있는 농업인 브랜드 디자인 역량 강화 교육 프로그램 및 학습지도안을 개발하였다. 이를 정부기관과 연계하여 시범 적용을 실시하여 실용화하였다.

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of financial development and foreign remittances on poverty and income inequality in the context of Pakistan. The study used ARDL-Bounds testing approach for robust inferences. The results show that in the short-run, remittances increases poverty and income inequality, which further translated into its long-run impact. The result confirmed the inverted Ushaped relationship between per capita income and income inequality, while the second order coefficient of per capita income substantially decline poverty incidence in a country. In the long-run, the results disappeared and it’s turned into U-shaped relationship between income inequality and country’s per capita income. Education largely decreases income inequality both in the short and long-run, however, it increases poverty in the long-run. Unemployment rate substantially damaged the pro-poor growth scenario, as high unemployment rate increases both the poverty rates and income inequality, which suffered poor more than non-poor in a country. Financial development has a positive impact on poverty reduction and income inequality in the short-run. The impact of income inequality on poverty incidence is positive both in the short- and long-run, which need pro-poor growth policies and rationale income distribution in a country.