The authors analyzed the daily catch data which were obtained from two different regions at the Southern Sea in Korea, Neungpo, Geoje island and Yangwhagum, Namhae island, during three or four years in 1978, 1981-1985, in order to know the fishing characteristics of the set net fisheries. The favorable fishing season was summer in the southern sea. The total catches during one year were greatly affected by those several day when the dominant species of fish were caught in large quantities. The dominant species of fish at Neungpo were little horse mackerel, sand lance, sardine, hair tail, spanish mackerel and common mackerel, and those at Yangwhagun were anchovy, little horse mackerel, sardine, spanish mackerel and gizzard shad, in order of catch. Especially, the little horse mackerel and the sardine appeared to make up very big schools at both Neungpo and Yangwhagum. The occurrence seasons of the dominant species were different by the region, but generally those were earlier at western part than at eastern part of the Southern Sea in Korea.

In this study, water resource topics, infrastructure, water supply, users, and economic indicators based on statistical annual standards for evaluating water welfare were selected by examining domestic and foreign water resource-related indicators. The level of water welfare was evaluated relative to 23 cities and counties in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do using data from the Statistical yearbook, and places with high value of indicators urbanization and large populations were excellent in the infrastructure field, but overall analysis showed that small and medium-sized cities had higher levels. It is judged that it is necessary to develop continuous research and indicators that can evaluate and quantify the level of physical welfare that the people can feel by utilizing the results of this study. In future studies, it is necessary to systematically evaluate the level of water welfare by local governments in Korea through more diverse evaluation items and detailed indicators for each item so that it can be used as basic data for realizing water welfare.

본 연구는 특수교육 관련 지표를 선정하고, 국내외 특수교육 관련 통계자료를 수집 및 비교 분석함으로써, 국가별 특수교육 현황과 한국 특수교육이 나아가야할 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 한국, 미국, 일본, 독일, 호주 총 5개국에 대한 특수교육 통계 자료를 각 국가별 교육부 또는 특수교육 관련 기관에서 보고한 통계자료를 수집하였고, 분석 지표를 기준으로 국가별 통계 자료 제시 및 통계 결과를 비교·분석하였다. 본 연구의 구체적인 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국가별로 특수교육대상자 배치 및 통합교육에 대한 통계 결과를 제시하였다. 둘째, 특수교육대 상자 현황, 특수학교 현황, 통합교육 현황, 특수교육교원 현황에 대해 한국, 미국, 일본, 독일, 호주 의 통계 결과를 비교하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 한국 특수교육 정책 및 통계조사에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 사회과 교과서에 등장하는 통계 그래프들을 수학과와 비교하여 특징을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해서 중학교 사회1, 사회2 교과서에 등장하는 통계 그래프에 대하여 분석을 진행하였다. 사회과 교과서에 등장하는 그래프의 종류 등의 형태적 특징을 살펴보았고, 내용적 측면으로는 요구되는 그래프 이해 수준을 수학과와 비교해 보았으며 그래프를 올바르게 해석하는 데 사용되는 수학 개념들의 수학과 교육과정에서의 학습 시기를 비교하여 분석하였다. 이를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 사회과 교과서에 등장하는 통계 그래프의 종류별 빈도는 막대그래프, 복합그래프, 꺾은선그래프 순으로 나타났다. 수학 교과서에서는 다루지 않는 그래 프들도 다수 존재하였고. 정형화된 형태의 그래프보다는 시각적인 효과를 극대화하는 그래프들을 많이 볼 수 있었다. 둘째, 양 교과의 통계 그래프 과제에 대해 그래프 이해 수준을 비교한 결과 사회과 교과서에는 자료 안쪽 읽기, 자료를 초월하여 읽기 수준에 해당하는 질문이 대부분이었고, 수학과 교과서에서는 자료 밖 읽기 수준, 자료 안쪽 읽기 수준에 해당하는 질문이 대부분이었다. 셋째, 사회과 교과서의 통계 그래프를 해석하는 데 필요한 수학 개념에 대하여 수학과 교육과정과의 지도 시기를 비교해본 결과 지도 시기가 대부분 적절하게 이루어졌으나 일부 개념은 수학과 교육과정보다 앞서 등장하였다.

The statistical characteristics of aerosol–cloud interactions over East Asia were investigated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite data. The long-term relationship between various aerosol and cloud parameters was estimated using correlation analysis, principle component analysis, and Aerosol Indirect Effect (AIE) estimation. In correlation analysis, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) was positively Correlated with Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) and Cloud Fraction (CF), but negatively correlated with Cloud Top Temperature (CTT) and Cloud Top Pressure (CTP). Fine Mode Fraction (FMF) and CCN were positively correlated over the ocean because of sea spray. In principle component analysis, AOD and FMF were influenced by water vapor. In particular, AOD was positively influenced by CF, and negatively by CTT and CTP over the ocean. In AIE estimation, the AIE value in each cloud layer and type was mostly negative (Twomey effect) but sometimes positive (anti-Twomey effect). This is related to regional, environmental, seasonal, and meteorological effects. Rigorous and extensive studies on aerosol–cloud interactions over East Asia should be conducted via micro- and macro-scale investigations, to determine chemical characteristics using various meteorological instruments.

최근 남한과 북한의 교육과정이 개정됨에 따라 수학교육에서 변화를 보였으며, 정보화시대에 맞추어 북한은 중등교육 수준 향상을 위해 기존에 없던 통계에 관한 내용을 중학교 1학년에 새롭게 추가하였다. 본 연구에서는 현행 교육과정인 남한의 2015 수학과 교육과정과 북한의 2013 수학과 개정 교육과정에 따른 중학교 1학년 수학 교과서의 통계 영역의 단원을 비교 분석하였다. 이를 위해 통계 영역에 대해 학습 요소의 지도 시기, 단원 구성과 학습 내용 및 전개 과정의 측면에서 유사점과 차이점을 살펴보았다. 내용 영역별 학습 요소의 지도 시기와 유무를 비교한 결과 중학교 1학년 통계영역에서 다루는 학습 요소는 크게 차이를 보이지 않았지만 남한은 자료의 정리의 측면을 강조하고 북한은 남한에서는 고등학교에서 주로 다루는 자료의 수집의 측면을 강조하여 거기에 맞는 학습 요소가 도입됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 남한의 교과서는 통계 영역 성취기준에 공학적 도구 활용이 추가되었으나 북한은 그렇지 않았다. 통계 단원의 학습 내용 및 전개 과정을 비교 분석한 결과 학습 소재측면에서는 남한 교과서는 단원에서 실생활 소재와 수학 교과 외의 다양한 분야의 소재를 활동별로 광범위하게 사용하는 반면 북한 교과서는 학교 내의 소재를 주로 활용하 였다. 수학 용어를 살펴보면 남한은 외래어를 함께 사용하는 반면 북한은 외래어를 우리말로 바꾼 용어를 사용하고 있다. 자료수집 상황은 남한은 자료 정리하는 활동에 중점을 두고 있었으며, 북한은 자료수집 상황에 상대적으로 많은 시간을 할애하고 있었다. 마지막으로, 학습 전개 과정에서는 남한은 ‘개념 열기’를 통해 학습의 필요성을 인식하고 이후 주요 용어나 학습 개념을 설명하고 있으며 각각의 과제가 독립적인 소재로 이루어져 있다. 반면 북한 교과서는 용어 설명과 ‘생각하기’, ‘해보기’가 정해진 순서 없이 구성되어 있으며 도입 부분에 제시된 문제가 전개 정리 단계에서까지 계속 활용되도록 구성되어 있다.

Statistical analysis was carried out to identify the influence on environmental factors between paddy water chemical properties and Chl-a concentration (algae biomass index) using water samples collected in June for 3 years at rice paddy field. As a result of correlation analysis, there was a significantly negative relationships in DO(-0.366) and pH(-0.141). In contrast, significantly positive relationships were founded in COD(+0.431) and TOC(+0.422). According to the result of factor analysis, 3 factors were obtained and indicated that PC1 were Ca, K, Mg cation, PC2 were TOC, T-P, PO4 3--P and DO, and PC3 were T-N and NH4 +-N. As a result of linear regression analysis to develop a prediction model for chl-a concentration, the total amount of explanation was 20.6%, PC2 had the greatest influence on the increase of chl-a concentration and PC1 also showed a positive correlation but the PC3 has a negative correlation. In conclusion, carbon and phosporous content are the main factors for the increase algae blooms of rice paddy.

National parks, which are preserved areas of 6,726.298 km2(3,972.589 km2 on land and 2,753.709 km2, at sea), take up 6.71% of the national territory, and they are classified by type into 17 mountain parks, 4 maritime or coastal parks, and 1 historical site park. Of them all, the maritime or coastal national parks, which are preserved areas covering wide tracts of maritime, lately attract increasing numbers of visitors. In this light, this study identifies the issues with the maritime or coastal national parks such as the changes in the number of visitors and the unbalance involved in the budget execution, based on the visitors to the national parks and the specifics of budget executed for them. On this basis, the study has conducted the research with a view to suggesting improvements for more useful management and operation of the maritime or coastal national parks. As a result, the study has reached the following conclusions. First, to accommodate those who want to visit the maritime or coastal national parks, the tour infrastructure needs to be expanded to guide the visitors’ use of the facilities by focusing on their touring behavior and characteristics. Second, budget should be acquired through diversifying revenue structure to eliminate hugely unbalanced budget. Third, visitors nowadays come to national parks for recreational experience or to tour nature, but the maritime or coastal national parks focus on cultural facilities. To accommodate the visitors’ needs, the parks should get diversified visitor facilities that reflect the regional characteristics.

In this paper, damage assessment technology based on statistical pattern recognition technology was developed for maintenance of structure and the performance of the developed technology was verified by vibration test. The damage assessment technique uses the improved Mahalanobis distance theory, which is a statistical pattern recognition technique, and developed to take account of the variability between the measured data. In order to verify the damage evaluation performance of the developed technology, a cable damage test was conducted for a cable-stayed bridge. Experimental results show that the developed damage assessment technology has the capability of extracting information that can determine the location of damage due to cable damage.

Water quality is characterized by various complex factors. Therefore, a systematic understanding of water quality trends is required to carry out a proper evaluation. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal water quality characteristics of the Nakdong River using five-year data from 2012 to 2016. Data was collected on the pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP, TOC, WT, EC, NH3-N, NO3-N, PO4-P, Chl-a, rainfall, and total and fecal coliforms. A total of 38 water quality measurement stations, from Andong1 to Gupo, were considered. Statistical analyses including trend, cluster, and factor analyses were conducted to identify the dominant water quality components affecting the Nakdong River. The Nakdong River was spatially classified into three groups for up-stream (Andong1 to Sangju1), mid/up-stream (Donam to Dalseong), and mid/down-stream (Hwawonnaru to Gupo) data collection, and temporally into two groups for summer/fall (7~10), and the rest of the season (11~6) data. The water quality of the entire Nakdong River showed trends similar to the mid/down-stream section, which indicates the importance of water quality management in this section. Suspended solids, phosphorus, and coliform groups were established as important factors to be considered in the summer/fall season across the river, especially in the mid/down-stream section. Nitrogen and organic matter were identified as important factors to be considered in the rest of the season, especially in the mid/up-stream section. This study could help determine the water quality components that should be intensively monitored in the Nakdong River.

기후변화는 홍수의 가장 큰 원인이 되는 극치강우의 빈도와 크기에 매우 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 특히, 우리나라에서 발생하는 대규모 재해는 강우에 의한 홍수피해가 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 이러한 홍수피해는 기후변화에 의한 극한강우의 발생 빈도가 높아짐에 따라 새로운 재해양상으로 전개되고 있다. 하지만, 미래 기후변화 시나리오 자료는 해상도의 한계로 인하여 중소규모 하천 및 도시유역에 요구되는 수준의 자료 수집이 불가능한 상태이다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 전지구모형에서 생산된 기후변화 시나리오에 대해서 여러 단계의 통계적 상세화 기법을 통하여 우리나라 전역에 대하여 미래 시나리오에 대한 빈도해석이 가능하도록 각 지점의 특성에 따라 시간적으로 상세화하기 위해 개발된 방 법 및 과정을 소개하였다. 이를 통해, 시간상세화 자료를 토대로 미래 강우에 대한 빈도해석과 기후변화에 따른 방재성능 목표강우량을 산정하는데 활용할 수 있도록 하였다.

A statistical analysis for 3651 genetic resources collected from China (1,542), Japan (1,409), Korea (413), and India (287) was conducted using normal distribution, variability index value (VIV), analysis of variation (ANOVA) and Ducan’s multiple range test (DMRT) based on a data obtained from NIRS analysis. In normal distribution, the average protein content was 8.0%, whereas waxy type amylose and common rice amylose were found to be 8.7% and 22.7%, respectively. The protein contents ranged from 5.4 to 10.6% at the level of 95%. The waxy amylose and common rice amylose ranged from 5.9 to 11.5%, and from 16.9 to 28.5% at 95% confidence level, respectively. The VIV was 0.59 for protein, 0.64 for low amylose, and 0.81 for high amylose contents. The average amylose contents were 18.85% in Japanese, 19.99% in Korean, 20.27% in Chinese, and 25.46% in Indian resources, while the average protein contents were found to be 7.23% in Korean, 7.73% in Japanese, 8.01% in Chinese, and 8.17% in Indian resources. The ANOVA of amylose and protein content showed significant differences at the level of 0.01. The F-test for amylose content was 158.34, and for protein content 53.95 compared to critical value 3.78. The DMRT of amylose and protein content showed significant difference (p<0.01) between resources of different countries. Japanese resources had the lowest level of amylose contents, whereas, the lowest level of protein content was found in Korean resources compared to other origins. Indian resources showed the highest level of amylose and protein contents. It is recommended these results should be helpful to future breeding experiments.

In this paper, real-time damage assessment technology was developed for detection the damage of bridges in real time and the performance of the developed technology was verified by vibration test. Real-time damage assessment technology was developed by combining statistical pattern recognition technology and simulation technology. In order to verify the developed technology, the earthquake response acquisition experiment was conducted according to the cable damage of the model cable-stayed bridge. As a result, it was confirmed that the developed real-time damage assessment technology can provide information on the location of damaged cable.

Weather is the most influential factor for crop cultivation. Weather information for cultivated areas is necessary for growth and production forecasting of agricultural crops. However, there are limitations in the meteorological observations in cultivated areas because weather equipment is not installed. This study tested methods of predicting the daily mean temperature in onion fields using geostatistical models. Three models were considered: inverse distance weight method, generalized additive model, and Bayesian spatial linear model. Data were collected from the AWS (automatic weather system), ASOS (automated synoptic observing system), and an agricultural weather station between 2013 and 2016. To evaluate the prediction performance, data from AWS and ASOS were used as the modeling data, and data from the agricultural weather station were used as the validation data. It was found that the Bayesian spatial linear regression performed better than other models. Consequently, high-resolution maps of the daily mean temperature of Jeonnam were generated using all observed weather information.