금융상품의 추상성, 금융약관의 복잡성, 금융가격의 사후확정성 등으로 인하여 금융소비자와 금융업자 간에 정보의 격차가 발생하고, 교섭력의 불균형은 금융소비자문제를 초래하고 있다. 특히 금융소비자문제 중 설명의무 위반 등 계약체결과정상 하자로 인한 불완전판매는 최근 규제완화에 따른 금융기관의 겸업화 추세에 따라 그 피해는 커지고 있는 실정이다. 금융상품의 불완전판매는 크게 계약서 등 교부의무 위반, 설명의무 위반, 단정적판단의 제공, 적합성 권유 위반, 불초청권유 위반으로 볼 수 있는데, 이는 민사적으로는 정보제공의무․설명의무 위반과 행정적으로는 권유방침의 위반이 혼재되어 나타난 것으로 본다. 최근 소비자정책의 방향은 정보제공 모델로 시장의 실패를 보완하기 위해서 소비자보호 범위를 독점규제와 공정거래질서의 확립과 같은 경제법적 영역에서만 그치는 것이 아니라 설명의무나 의사표시의 하자이론 등을 확장시켜 사법상의 구제수단에 까지 확장하는 것으로 나아가고 있다. 또한 법경제학적 관점에서도 소비자보호의 방향을 행정명령 또는 형사벌칙의 제재(penalty) 수단을 사용하는 公法的 행정규제와 이를 위반하거나 피해가 발생하면 私法的 손해배상 즉 책임원리(liability rule)를 조합하여 사용하는 억지시스템 방향으로 나아가면서, 행정업법에 사적소송을 촉진시키는 시스템을 가장 우월하다고 보고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 금융상품 중 펀드와 보험을 중심으로 불완전판매 피해 현황을 살펴보고, 이에 대한 민사적 규제과 행정적 규제를 중심으로 양 법제의 규제에 대해서 분석해보고, 이를 토대로 금융상품의 불완전판매를 억제하는 금융소비자보호 법정책 방향을 제시하였다.

본 논문은 우리나라 다문화 현상과 다문화정책지원 프로그램의 분석을 통해 다문화교육의 문제점을 파악하고 미디어교육을 통한 다문화교육의 방향을 탐색하고자 하였다. 다문화교육이란 소수 집단 문화의 불평등을 문제 삼고 그들의 권리를 인정하려는 것 뿐 아니라, 일반시민을 대상으로 다른 문화의 가치를 인정하고 그 속에서 자신의 문화적 정체성을 확립하면서 살아가도록 하는 일이라 할 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 미디어교육을 통한 다문화교육의 가능성에 대한 인식의 지평을 확대하고 능력 있는 미디어 교육 강사의 양성, 학교교육과정에서 미디어 교육 실시, 다문화교육 프로그램에 미디어 교육을 포함시킬 것, 미디어교육을 통한 다문화교육 우수 사례 발굴, 미디어 제작자들로 하여금 다문화교육에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 하는 프로그램 제작 지원, 다문화 전문채널 확보 등이 선행되어야 함을 제언하였다.

The purposes of this study is to investigate the attitudes and value of fashion product description and consumer replies used in online shopping malls, and to examine the differences in the perceived reliability(objectivity, expertise, trustworthiness) preference and purchase intention toward the product as determined by the appeal type (evaluation-sentimental vs. factual-information) of the product description, the direction(negative vs. positive) and type(factual vs. evaluative) of consumer replies for the product in online shopping malls. Data was collected from female college students with fashion products purchase experience at online shopping malls by questionnaire survey (N=424) and analyzed by using frequency analysis, t-test and ANOVA. Results showed that consumers respondents tended to read product description and other consumer replies before purchasing, when shopping for fashion products through an on-line shopping mall. They thought that sellers' product description and the consumers' replies were helpful in making their decision; but, they were also skeptical about product description. Respondents showed higher perceived reliability, preference and purchase intention to the factual-information type product description than the evaluation-sentimental type. Positive consumer replies were more effective in yielding higher preferences and purchase intentions. Factual replies tend to yield higher reliability than evaluative replies.

This research is to develop a street-walking aid for the visually impaired, which detects front direction obstacles within 2 meters and inform the user with sound and vibration as well. This way it keeps the visually impaired from such obstacles. This aid also identifies 10 different colors quite correctly so that the visually impaired could apply it when he or she tries to match the color of his or her clothes, or he or she wants to know the color of things he or she would buy. This aid has additional function of identifying the brightness level around the user. It provides also various ergonomic design features such as optimized centroid design for minimal fatigue of hands even after long use, ideal position of back button for easy and convenient grip, easy and compact recharge, raised letters on all buttons, the usefulness of main body itself without attached white cane, non-slip hand grip, high-performance ultrasonic sensors, and wrist strap.

이 연구는 初等學校漢字敎育의 實態와 要求에 대해 設問調査를 통해 밝혀, 추후 國家水準의 敎育課程에 그 결과가 적절히 반영될 수 있는 방향을 제시하고 자 하였다. 연구를 실행하기 위해 필자는 전국 16개 시도 초등학생과 초, 중, 고, 교원(교장, 교감, 전문직 포함), 그리고 초, 중, 고에 재학하는 자녀를 둔 학부모를 설문 대상으로 삼았다. 기본적으로 學生이나 敎員, 學父母모두 初等學校漢字敎育의 必要性을 인정 하고 있었으나, 初等學生의 경우, 學校에서 이루어지는 漢字공부에 대한 흥미도 는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 學校의 漢字敎育실태를 소재지 규모별로 볼 때, 漢字敎育을 하는 學校數는 중소 도시나 읍면지역 소재 학교가 대도시 소재 학교보다 더 많았고, 이들 중에 공부한 기간만 따지면 오히려 대도시 소재 학생들이 타 지 역 학생들보다 더 많았다. 主要學習內容面으로 보면 學校와 家庭이 많이 달랐다. 學校에서는 ‘基礎漢字’ 종류의 지도가 주류를 이루었으나, 家庭에서는 ‘級數試驗’ 대비 교육이 월등 히 많았다. 이것은 學校와 家庭에서 漢字敎育을 통해 추구하는 目的이 다르다는 것으로 이에 대한 검토가 필요하리라 본다. 다만, 學校에서 이루어지는 漢字敎育 은 교육청 인정도서나 학교 자체 개발자료를 통하는 경우가 많으나, 家庭에서는 그러한 자료를 구하기 어렵기 때문에 대부분 級數試驗대비용 자료로 교육을 시 키는 것도 하나의 영향일 수 있다. 敎員과 學父母의 要求를 바탕으로 初等學校漢字敎育의 바람직한 方向을 제 시해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 89.6%의 절대 다수가 ‘주 1시간 혹은 그 이상의 수 업시수 확보‘를 요구하고 있으므로 다음 敎育課程에서는 이에 대한 면밀한 검토 가 요구된다. 둘째, 漢文敎育用基礎漢字와 같은 漢字學習量의 기준 마련이 필 요하다. 또한 중점 지도 내용-’漢字‘ 혹은 ’漢字語彙’-에 있어서도 적절한 배분이 필요하다. 셋째, 漢字공부에 대한 학생들의 흥미도가 낮으므로 좀 더 흥미를 느 낄 수 있는 지도 방법의 구안이 필요하며, 특히 ‘漢字쓰기’에 대해서는 다수가 공통적으로 어려움을 느끼고 있어, 이에 대한 적절한 지도 방법도 찾아야 하겠다. 다음 敎育課程에서는 창의적 체험활동 시간에 漢字敎育을 할 수 있는 근거가 마련되었다. 그동안 연구자들이나 학계에서는 주로 初等學校漢字敎育의 必要性을 강조하 는데 공을 들였으나, 이제는 漢字敎育을 정규 시간에 어떻게 할 것인가에 대한 구체적인 검토가 필요한 시기가 되었다. 향후 ‘누가 가르칠 것인가?’, ‘무엇을, 어 떻게 가르칠 것인가?’ 에 대한 구체적인 안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

To develop effective training methods for strengthening a weakened quadriceps femoris muscle in hemiplegic patients, we examined the effects of maximal isometric contraction of the nonparalyzed knee joint on the electromyographic activities of the paralytic muscle. An electromyogram (EMG) was used to record the electromyographic activities of the paralytic quadriceps femoris muscle in 27 hemiplegic patients. The maximal isometric contraction was measured for each subject to normalize the electromyographic activities. The maximal isometric extension and flexion exercises were randomly conducted when the knee joint angles of the nonparalyzed knees were 0˚, 45˚, and 90˚. The patients were encouraged to maintain maximal isometric contractions in both knee joints during each measurement, and three measurements were taken. A one-minute rest interval was given between each measurement to minimize the effects of muscle fatigue. An average from the three values was taken as being the root mean square of the EMG and was recorded as being the maximal isometric contraction. The electromyographic activity obtained for each measurement was expressed as a percentage of the reference voluntary contraction, which was determined using the values obtained during the maximal isometric contraction. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was 0˚, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic medial aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). Second, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was 90˚, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic lateral aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). The results show that myoelectrical activities of paralytic quardriceps were not related to measurement angles and exercise directions of the nonparalized knee joint. Studies on various indirect intervention to improve muscular strength of patients with nervous system disorders of the weakened muscle should be constantly conducted.

Objective : After arranged and estimated the result of Oriental Medical Health Examination Program, considered the way of improvement and how Oriental Medicine participate in industrial health service. Results : As a point at issue of occidental medicine examination, followings have been indicated, 1) Occidental medical examination is performed by mainly test and instrument and therefore, role of doctors could be excluded and it could be diagnosed only for target disease and 2) in Korea, it could not be conducted in public medical system and therefore improvement effect of public health promotion could not be made due to increase of total medical expenses and infirmity of post management. These points are substantial limit of paradigm resided in occidental medicine and also problem caused by unique characteristics of medical system of Korea. Conclusion : According to the estimate of present special health examination for workers, it seems that special health examination forworkers is a way of specializing the purpose of special health examination and searching the group that needs a special mediation for promoting the health and preventing the disease as a part of industrial health service that needs a connection with other industrial health service. A program replaced by the health effect-oriented methods that limits the purpose of special health examination be studied. After understood the potential health disorder of workers according to where they are exposed to, it also should be contained items for the disease which can be examined in health examination.

In order to easily and rapidly establish low-cost grazing grasslands using centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.) (CG) on abandoned cultivated land, the influences of slope direction and angle on the covering speed of CG were investigated. We established 61 quadrats at varying slope directions and angles, and the planting of CG was performed in 2003. The covering speed of CG was investigated from 2003 to 2008, and the years of point of inflection (YPI) was calculated. The most rapid YPI was 1.0-1.5 years in the quadrats in the S5°W direction with 0 degree slopes, while the slowest YPI was 3.0-3.5 years in the quadrats in the northern direction with 10-20 degree slopes. Therefore, grassland renovation using low quantities of CG seeds, which are sold at a high price in Japan, is favorable on land in the southern direction and with a lower slope.

Recently, we suggested a CME earthward direction parameter as an important geoeffective parameter that has been demonstrated by front-side halo CME data. In this study, we present the geometrical implication of this parameter by comparing with the parameters from a CME cone model. Major results from this study can be summarized as follows. First, we derive an analytic relationship between the cone model parameters (the half angular width of a cone and the angle between the cone axis and the plane of sky) and the earthward direction parameter. Second, we demonstrate a close relationship between the earthward direction parameter and the cone axis angle using 32 front-side full halo CMEs. Third, we found that there is noticeable inconsistency between the cone axis angles estimated from the cone model fitting to the CMEs and from their associated flare positions, implying that the flare position should not be considered as a good earthward direction parameter. Finally we present several advantages of our earthward direction parameter in terms of the forecast of a geomagnetic storm based on CME parameters.

This research was to analyze the direction ideas of residential Feng Shui. In ancient China residential places were been established by Xiangzhai(相宅) and Buzhai(卜宅) usages. And ancient Chinese always considered geographical features of mountains and waters for setting up their living places. Geographical features were also considered importantly in representative residential Feng Shui books, Zhaijing(宅經) and Yangzhaisanyao(陽宅三要). In Zhaijing, 24 direction ideas are co-related with Fagui(八卦) and GanZhi(干支) theories, and they are most important residential Feng Shui direction theories. The basic thoughts of 24 direction ideas of Zhaijing were already formed in Qin(秦) dynasty and modified in early Han(漢) dynasty. In Zhaijing, residential places were splited into Yangzhai(陽宅) and Yinzhai(陰宅) according to YinYang's Qi directions. Those theories were actually formed from meticulous observations on changing processes of YinYangWuXing(陰陽五行)'s Qi(氣). Constantly changed Qi of YinYangWuXing were studied by old chinese people from the observations on the sun, the moon, the five stars, the Great Bear, and ErShiBaXiu(二十八宿). The origin of Zhaijing's direction ideas is the direction system of ShiPan(式盤) in Qin and Han dynasty. On ShiPan TianGan(天干)․Dizi(地支)․Fagui․TianDiRenGui(天地人鬼) were arranged very systematically into four and 24 directions. DongxiSizhai(東西四宅) theories of Yangzhaisanyao had edited more lately than Zhaijing(宅經), and formed according to Fagui(八卦)‘s YinYang(陰陽) principles. But the basic ideas is same with Zhaijing's. It proves that residential Feng Shui theories were constantly improved and modified. And both residential Feng Shui direction ideas of Zhaijing and Yangzhaisanyao are the general ideas in old china. The point of that ideas is Sky's four or 24 directions are correspondence with the earth's. It came from the traditional thoughts that Heaven, Earth, and mankind are co-related and influenced each other according to Qi's changing processes. Gather up above mentioned, the direction ideas of residential Feng Shui is a systematic thoughts of old chinese for harmonizing Tian-Di-Ren-Gui, and is their specific methods for harmonizing the nature's Qi, mankind and spirits.

In order recently to plan the economic position improvement and an independence of the disability the concept which is the "Disability Firm Activity Promotion Law" establishes and "the Disability firm" uses. But the policy the Disability Firm Activity Promotion Law which is an obstacle for the true feelings Disability firm was about there is a lingering. Promotes the activity of the Disability firm from the research which sees the Disability Firm Activity Promotion Law revision direction for the competitive improvement of the Disability firm.

The directions of the road are divided into two, the right-hand side and left-hand side of the road, by the convention and specific native method in the world. This paper deals with the characteristics and behaviors of drivers who are accustomed to drivin

The purpose of this study was to analyze some concrete problems concerning the elementary physical education textbook from the standpoint of the 7th national physical educational curriculum, and to propose the development direction for elementary physical

The legal regulation about the derivative(or secondary) liability of OSP(Online Service Provider) is briefly divided into two parts, liability requirement and liability limitation requirement. In the OSPs’liability requirement portion, Korean courts in Sori-Bada cases has pointed out that joint tort-feasors rule in the clause (3) of article 760 of the Korean Civil Act should be the statutory ground for OSPs liability requirement. Korea Copyright Act has also the article 104 which is a peculiar and even weird provision. It imposes the duty to implement a specific technology measure upon a so-called specific type of ISPs and therefore the article can be another statutory ground for OSPs liability requirement. Moreover, when interpreting the article 104 in the preliminary injunction cases related to Sori-Bada version 5, the Seoul High Court concluded that P2P service providers should adopt so-called the positive filtering system. At first, it seems to be more reasonable to rescind article 104 in future amendments of the Act. It’s because the scope of article 104 is so ambiguous that it may be improperly expanded to almost all OSPs and the article 104 creates unnecessary anti-market manipulation by government. Second, the Seoul High Court’s position is unreasonable. It’s because the liability limitation clauses of Korean Copyright Act are basically based on negative filtering principle, and so-called the positive filtering system is not consistent with Korea-US Free Trade Agreement and the development of filtering technology is not perfect enough to enforce the adoption of the technology. Turning to the OSPs’liability limitation requirement, article 102 and 103 of Korean Copyright Act sets up a liability limitation requirement similar to the Notice and Takedown procedure in the DMCA. It would be appropriate to amend the act in following 2 ways. At first, the Korean Copyright Act had better implement the specific requirement according to the type of information technology, such as caching, hosting, search engine, etc. even though the present act has only a uniform immunity requirement for all type of OSP. Second, the effect related to OSP’s immunity is now no more than discretional mitigation or exemption and should be changed to mandatory exemption. The legal regulation about online service user’s direct liability includes two main issues; Users’ fair use right and the criminal penalty for direct infringement. At first, the statutory and more comprehensive provision of fair use for individual users should be added into Korean Copyright Act, to keep the balance between copyright owner’s protection and the others’ fair use right. Second, the criminal penalty for users’ copyright infringement should be restrained from the rampant misuse which even caused one Korean teenager’s suicide. The new proposal in 2008 by government to amend the present Copyright Act seems to be inappropriate because it is only based on excessive administrative opportunism which would result in excessive restriction on OSPs and severe legal vagueness. Rather, it would be better for the legislature to promote the cooperation between thecopyright owners and OSPs. As anexample, the system similar to the subpoena in DMCA can be establishedin Korean Copyright Act if it will be carefully managed by Korean judicial branch.

본 연구에서는 방향벡터(direction vector)를 이용한 지역 탐색법과 유전자 알고리즘을 결합한 새로운 알고리즘인 D-GA를 제안한다. 새로운 개체(individual)를 찾기 위한 방향벡터로는 진화과정 중에 습득되는 정보를 활용하기 위한 학습방향벡터(Loaming direction vector)와 진화와는 무관하게 한 개체의 주변을 탐색하는 랜덤방향벡터(random direction vector) 등 두 가지를 구성하였다. 그리고, 10 부재 트러스 설계 문제에 단순 유전자 알고리즘과 D-GA를 적용하여 최적화를 수행하였고, 그 결과를 비교 검토함으로써 단순 GA에 비하여 D-GA의 정확성 및 효율성이 향상되었음을 확인하였다.

I analysed strength, weakness, opportunities and treats of Korean mushroom industry on the various aspects. There are approximately 30,000 mushroom farmers in Korea. Mushroom production is occupied with 2.3% of agricultural production. Especially mushroom have abundant strength and opportunities as well-being health food than any other agricultural products. I selected 30 kinds of urgent strategic items. Namely, mushroom variety breeding for UPOV, system establishment of spawn supply, diagnosis and clinic, acceleration of mushroom consumption , marketing prior to production, cheap supplements developments, fundamental tariff reduction, information and PR activation, machinery development for labor reduction, recycling of post harvest media, mushroom clinic and diagnosis kit development for popular complaints, functional mushroom developments, demand and supply system development of mushroom, mushroom extension organization establishment, advance of Agaricus bisporus, advance of breeding technic, standard of mushroom quality, establishment of mushroom research institute, PR of mushroom superiority. counter plan of nature disaster, tax exemption application of oil, second grade electric tax application, side effect of government assistance project, mushroom study and training institute establishment, hobby field enlargement of mushroom, diversification of mushroom consumption, competition power enlargement of shelf cultivation farmers, heightening of GAP awareness and harmony of organization groups.

  Future war needs a lot of changes for military organization. In this circumstance, it is importance the role of the Military Equipment Command Separation (MECS). In case of Korea Marine Corps, in spite of being MECS, Marine Corps has formed supply chain

Ondol, Korean traditional heating system, has widely been used due to high thermal efficency based on its character of thermal dynamics. it has been also well known Ondol has improved real indoor thermal comfort compared to the other heating systems. Recently, a lot of numerical studies using CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) in order to understand interal thermal and flow field has been corned out. In present study, we find out the variation of temporal temperature in floor of traditional Goodie between Jul-Gorae and Doidon-Gorae, we have performed numerical analysis. According to flow rate streams, Weet-mok's temperature in a Doidon-Gorae is 7 t:: higher than Jul-Gorae 's. This asymmetry part has an influence on decreasing a standard deviation of the temperature.