The purpose of this study is to analyze the cases of Asan-si and Hongseong-gun in Chungcheongnam-do to derive the direction of development of the school meal support center and improvement of the school meal policy in connection with local food. We conducted a survey on the importance and performance of school meal support policy and local food supply policy for nutritionists in two areas. In addition, we identified the issues to be improved intensively and the issues to be continuously managed over the medium to long term, and suggested directions for improvement using IPA. As a result of the importance-performance analysis of school meal support policy and local food supply policy, both Asan-si and Hongseong- gun. focused on improving the price and quality of local food.

본 연구의 목적은 금강유역(9,645.5 km2)을 대상으로 극한 기후변화 사상에 따른 수문 및 유황의 변동을 평가하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 객관적인 극한 기후변화 사상을 평가하기 위해 강우관련 극한지수(STARDEX)를 적용하고, GCM 10개의 RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오에 대해 4개의 평 가기간별(Historical: 1975~2005, 2020s: 2011~2040, 2050s: 2041~2070, 2080s: 2071~2100)로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 5개의 습윤 (CESM1-BGC, HadGEM2-ES), 중간(MPI-ESM-MR) 건조(INM-CM4, FGOALS-s2) 극한 기후변화 사상 시나리오를 선정하여 SWAT 모형에 적용하였다. 2080s 기간에서 중간시나리오 대비 2080s의 증발산은 -3.2~+3.1 mm로 변화하였고, 2080s의 총 유출량은 +5.5~+128.4 m3/s 변화하였다. 건조한 시나리오의 경우 2020s 중간시나리오대비 큰 변화를 보였다. 건조한 시나리오에서의 2020s의 증발산량은 -16.8~-13.3 mm 의 변화를 보였고, 총 유출량은 -264.0~132.3 m3/s의 변화를 보였다. 유황 변동의 경우, 2080s 기간의 습윤한 시나리오에서 CFR은 +4.2~+10.5, 2020s 기간의 건조한 시나리오에서는 +1.7~2.6으로 변화 하였다. 극한 기후변화 시나리오를 적용한 금강유역의 수문인자의 변화에 따라 유황분 석을 실시한 결과, INM-CM4는 극한 건조상태를 나타내기에 적절한 시나리오로 나타났고 FGOALS-s2는 유황변동이 큰 가뭄 상태 분석에 적절한 시나리오로 나타났다. HadGEM2-ES는 유황변동이 작게 나타났기 때문에 최대유량 분석 시 활용 가능한 시나리오로 평가되었고, CESM1-BGC 의 경우 유황변동이 큰 것으로 나타나 극한 홍수 분석 시 적용할 수 있는 시나리오로 평가되었다.

Generally, the dew condensation generated in the tunnel does not directly affect the concrete structure However, falling water due to dew condensation brings directly with a high possibility of defection to the train line. In addition, moisture inflow due to dew condensation may induce malfunction or failure of various electric and fire facilities installed in the tunnel, which may cause abnormal signals or accidents and so on. In this paper, we explain the case of dew condensation site and analyzed the cause.

In spite of importance of safety issues in community sport, little concerns have been paid to the sport safety policy. Governing bodies and individuals involved with the facility management have a responsibility to manage the risks at acceptable levels. For sports injury prevention interventions, the safety policy of sport facilities should be made to provide a structured framework which can be implemented at community sport. Hence, the current study is to identify the safety issues and to generate the policies that assist to conduct the systematic safety management at sports facilities. For this, the current study analyzed two cases from Japan and Germany. The study reviewed multiple pieces of literature including journal publications, political reports, and media coverage. Through review, the study analyzed the organizational structure, legal systems, and political stance of the safety management of sport facilities in Japan and Germany. The results proposed the following issues. First, law needs to be enacted to establish the control tower where has a responsibility to develop the safety manual and system. Second, local organizations need to be established to educate individuals working in sport facilities and inspect the facilities. Further political issues were discussed for safety management in Korea sport facilities.

In the year of 2017, 110 criminal cases by the Korean Supreme Court(KSC) are registered on the internet homepage of the Court. 5 criminal law cases of which are decided by the Grand Panel. In this paper, above 5 cases and other several cases are reviewed which seem to be comparatively important to the author. All the reviews are constituted as follows: 1. The Fact of the Case, 2. The Summary of Decision and 3. The Note. The contents of this paper is as follows; Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅱ. The Cases of the Grand Panel of the Korean Supreme Court In this chapter, 5 cases of the Grand Panel are reviewed. The subjects of the cases are mainly related with the principle of ‘nulla poena sine lege’. For example, the prohibition of analogical interpretation and the prohibition of wide delegation of the punishment to the lower regulation are commented. Ⅲ. The Cases relating to General Part of Criminal Law In this chapter, 3 cases are reviewed. The subjects of the cases are the temporal effect of the punishment, Verbotsirrtum and the number concerned with the crime of forcible obstruction of business. Ⅳ. The Cases relating to Special Part of Criminal Law 6 Cases are reviewed in this Chapter. The subjects are the calculation of punishment, the concept of injury in sexual violence crimes and etc.

Article 3(1) of the Act on Special Cases concerning the Settlement of Traffic Accidents (hereinafter ‘Traffic Special Act’) provides that “A driver of a vehicle who commits a crime provided for in Article 268 of the Criminal Act by reason of a traffic accident shall be punished by imprisonment without prison labor for not more than five years or by a fine not exceeding 20 million won”. This regulates Non-real Status Crime, and ‘traffic’ stipulated herein is interpreted as objective circumstances of conduct. Additionally, driver stipulated in the Traffic Special Act seems to be defined as ‘a person driving or who has driven.’ This stems from legislator’s preference for compressed expression in terms of legislative technical efficiency. It is understood to be the result of preference for ’driver’, which is a compressed expression, rather than the descriptive phrase such as “anyone who is under the circumstances of operating a vehicle or driving” (Article 3(1) of the Traffic Special Act, Article 151 of the Road Traffic Act is identical) or “anyone who is driving or have driven” (Article 3(1) & 4(1) of the Traffic Special Act). The background of the subject judgment corresponds to [Case 2] where a non-driver (different occupation), who is a person lacking status, collaborates with an ‘occupational’ driver, who is a person with status. In this case non-driver, who lacks the status as an ‘occupational’ driver, has a status for a different occupation, and consequently shall be punished according to the statutory penalty for Co-principals of Traffic Special Act along with the person with status as ‘occupational’ driver (Article 33 of the Criminal Act). The reason is that the person lacking status has its own unique occupational negligence derived from the different occupation apart from the occupational driver, being guilty as Co-Principals of Bodily Injury by Negligence of the Criminal Act - Article 3 of the Traffic Special Act supercede Article 268 of the Criminal Act based on the existence of special relation. As regards to the contravention of Article 3(1) of the Traffic Special Act, where ‘traffic’ situation, which is the condition of punishment, and 12 exception clauses, which are the conditions of prosecution, exist only in respect of occupational driver, the person lacking such status also is inevitably guilty for Co-Principals of Traffic Special Act. As an inevitable outcome, Article 3(2) of the Traffic Special Act, which is a special case of non-prosecution against the clearly expressed intention of the victim, also applies to the person lacking such status. However, since the Principle regarding the Indivisibility of Criminal Complaint does not apply to an offence which cannot be prosecuted against the clearly expressed intention of the victim, declaration of an injured party of his/her intention not to prosecute two or more Co-Principals does not take effect in respect to the other accomplices. Therefore, Article 4(1) of the Traffic Special Act, stipulating special cases of comprehensive insurance coverage, is interpreted to limit the scope of personal application to only ‘driver’ according to its literal reading. “Exceptions must be interpreted narrowly”(ingularia non sunt extendenda), which is a principle of limitation, must apply to the above. The subject judgment is evaluated to confirm the non-application of the special cases of insurance to non-driver, i.e. comprehensive insurance coverage not taking effect to non-driver. This point is at least considered to be in line with the established precedent that the principle of Subjective Indivisibility of Criminal Complaint shall not apply mutatis mutandis to offence which cannot be prosecuted against the clearly expressed intention of the victim. Nonetheless, it is extremely regrettable that the subject judgment only declares such purport without any detailed grounds.

Advanced multidetector CT (MDCT) technology provides 2-dimensional (2D) images with 3-dimensional (3D) images. These 3D images (volume rendered, VR images) demonstrates the surface of the body and cutaneous neurofibromas in pa-tients with neurofibromatosis (NF) are well visualized. MDCT is a very useful imaging modality that represents various findings of neurofibromatosis such as cutaneous neurofibromas, central nervous tumors, skeletal anomalies including verte-bral scalloping and dural ectasia, mediastinal masses, lung parenchymal diseases, vascular anomalies, and complicated dis-eases related with NF. Herein, we report three cases with NF presenting cutaneous neurofibromas diagnosed by MDCT; One is NF patient with dural ectasis and meningocele, second case is a patient with NF and horseshoe kidney, third case is a pa-tient with cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas.

The 'Housing Act (‘14.04), which permits the remodeling of old apartment buildings, has been implemented. In particular, vertical remodeling is generally implemented by adding 2~3 floors above the top floor of existing apartments. Technically, it is necessary to reinforce the existing pile due to the increase of vertical, horizontal, seismic load, etc. However, the existing piles are loaded simultaneously and so each pile was constructed at limited base space for application of reinforcement method. The bearing capacity of existing piles decreases due to vertical expansion so the bearing capacity of the piles must be confirmed by the indirect method(laboratory test etc.) in the first safety diagnosis and by the direct method(field test etc.) in the second safety diagnosis.

For the last several years, climatic changes have led to the increase of natural disaster attributed to climatic abnormality, for instance, sweltering heat, heavy snow, or heavy rain. Particularly, localized guerrilla heavy rain mostly occurring in summer often results in flood damage. Such damage may lead to fatal damage to the safety of underground structures having the water level as the load. Accordingly, this study is going to introduce the cases of safety analysis grounded on numerical analysis in order to understand the structural behavior of riverbed tunnels according to water level fluctuations.

본 연구는 원양선박에서 발생하는 선원들의 질환을 원격의료시스템을 통해 실태를 파악하고, 이에 대한 진단명 및 질병분류의 분석을 통해 원양선박 선원들의 질병예방과 건강증진에 기여하는데 그 목적이 있다. 2016하반기부터 2017년까지 약 14개월 동안 원격 진 료를 통해 수집된 총 195명의 선원들의 진단명, 개인적, 건강적 특성을 수집하여 양적분석을 하였다. 질환발생 빈도에서 두드러기(5.6%), 요부염좌(4.1%), 급성위장관염(3.1%) 및 불안(3.1%) 등이 가장 흔하게 발생되는 상병으로 분석되었다. 질병분류에서는 근골격계(25.1%), 피부계(17.9%), 소화기계(11.3%) 순으로 나타났다. 원격의료의 발생은 30세미만이 가장 많았으며, 사관 보다는 부원의 질병발생이 많았다. 교차분석(Ⅹ² 검정)에서 질병이 외상보다 통계학적으로 유의하게 발생이 많았으며(p<.001), 선박의 종류(상선과 어선)에 따른 병인 간에도 차이가 있었다(p<.005).

본 연구에서는 식민시대 또는 전쟁점령 등에 의해 영토를 침탈(점령)한 국가들이 영유권 주장을 포기함으로써 침탈당한 국가에게 원래의 영토주권을 되돌려 준 사례들을 발굴하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 독도 관련하여 억지 주장을 해 온 일본의 영유권 주장 포기를 유도하기 위한 국제사회의 담론을 주도하는 한편 일본의 억지 영유권 주장 포기를 유도할 수 있는 요인들을 도출해 보고자 하였다. 침탈한 국가들이 침탈한 영토를 되돌려 주거나 아니면 억지 영유권 주장을 포기할 경우 어떤 계기로 어떤 요인이 작용되었는지를 살펴봄으로써, 독도의 경우처럼 억지 영유권 주장을 해 온 일본과 같은 침탈국의 억지 영유권 주장 포기를 유도해 낼 수 있는 정책적 시사점을 제시해 보는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 아시아, 중남미, 유럽, 구미 등 전 세계 거의 모든 지역의 유사 사례들의 조사를 통해 20개의 영토갈등 사례들을 추출하였으며, 영유권 주장의 포기 및 침탈한 영토를 되돌려 준 요인 내지 배경을 경제적 요인, 정치적 요인 및 외교안보적 요인 등으로 구분하여 분석해 보았다. 분석결과 많은 사례들이 외교안보적 요인들이 적지 않게 작용한 것으로 보이며, 특별히 미국-쿠바 간 후벤투드 도서영유권 사례 등 침탈한 국가의 국가적 결단에 의해 침탈한 영토를 되돌려 준 사례들도 일부 도출됨으로써 일본 등 억지 영유권 주장을 하는 침탈국가들을 대상으로 국제사회에 주는 시사점도 제시되었다.

상품의 보존과 소비자의 안전에 대한 중요성이 커지면서 제품의 재료에서부터 생산, 유통, 판매, 사용 및 폐기에 이르는 일련의 과정에 거쳐 패키지디자인의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 최근 기술의 발달에 힘입어 새로운 포장재가 개발되고 무선 및 통신 기술이 결합되면서 소비자와의 밀착된 커뮤니케이션 기능의 확장에 따른 패키지디자인의 의미와 가치가 보다 더 주목받게 되었다. 본 연구는 확장된 스마트 기능이 접목된 기능성 포장과 지능형 포장을 키워드로 하여 이를 적용한 ‘스마트 패키지’ 사례를 분석하고 이에 따른 효율성과 의미, 전망을 고찰하였다. 연구 결과 기능성 포장은 상품의 품질과 보존기간을 유지하고 품질 상태를 연장하기 위한 목적으로 패키지 내의 물리적, 화학적 기능을 첨가하는 것을 의미하며 다양한 기능을 점차 확장하고 있다. 지능형 포장은 운반이나 저장 과정에서 상품의 품질이나 패키지의 상태를 모니터하고 분석하여 이에 대한 정보를 제공하는 역할을 한다. 이와 같은 기술은 보다 안전한 식품이나 내용물을 원하는 수요가 증가함에 따라 이를 만족시키기 위하여 점차 확대 적용되고 있다. 앞으로 스마트 패키지는 소비자와 제품, 환경 간의 보다 유용한 상호작용을 기반으로 능동적이고 지능적인 패키지 시스템을 위해 패키지의 새롭고 혁신적인 재질이나 시스템을 제공하기 위해 더욱 적극적인 변화와 발전이 있을 것으로 기대된다.

교육 게이미피케이션은 컴퓨터 과학(Computer Science, CS)분야에 많이 활용되고 있다. 본 연구는 CS 교육 게이미피케이션 선행 연구를 분석하고, 이를 통해 국내 CS 교육의 방향을 제언하는 것이 목적이다. 연구 진행을 위해서 경험적연구 방법을 적용했다. 키워드 검색을 통해 1220개의 선행연구를 수집했고, 그중 에서 1차, 2차 추출과정을 통해 55개로 압축했다. 선행 연구 분석 결과 년도별 발표 현황, 적용 교과, 교육 대상, 게이미피케이션 요소, 결과 및 한계점에 대해 해석했다. 추후 연구에서 국내 CS 교육 게이미피케이션 사례를 분석하고, 본 연구와 비교분석할 예정이다. 그리고 국내 CS 교육 게이미피케이션의 발전 방향에 대 해서 제언할 것이다.

The objective of this study was to investigate the current situations of farms in South Korea which provide care farming activities in order to develop and settle care farms. A questionnaire that includes 60 questions about resources, clients, management, background of establishment, budget, manpower, organization, etc. was developed by the researchers. The survey was conducted by email and phone interview in the period of July to August, 2016. Five farms were participated in this study. As the results, each farm had a different size of land, about 744 – 39,670 m2. The farms were classified by different types of farming activities such as cultivating horticultural crops or cultivating horticultural crops and raising animals. The background of farmers was health, special education, social welfare or professional farmer. The income sources were from care farming programs, educational program, and crop production. The participants in the care farm were children with or without disability, adolescents, adolescents with behavior problem, adults, adults with mental disability or developmental disability, mental illness, dementia, addict, etc. The major activities in care farms were plant cultivating, harvesting, garden maintenance, cooking by using harvest, crop processing, waling in the farm, caring for animals, dealing with farm work equipment, and farming activity with local residents, etc. The participation duration was 25% for one-day experience, less than two weeks in a week, and more than six months, respectively. To settle and develop care farming of South Korea, the concept, clients, operation, professional manpower, policy, support, etc. should be established.

Many of the structures constructed since the 1970s have begun to deteriorate. As a result, safety inspection / diagnosis and maintenance are expected to increase further, and long-term and systematic measures are urgently needed to prepare for the aging of major infrastructures. Currently, the safety inspection and maintenance of the structure is carried out by the method based on the utilization of the measurement data and the manager's experience, but the reliability and the accuracy are still insufficient. In other words, there is a limit to understanding the state change of bridges, such as abnormal behavior and gradual damages, therefore, it is necessary to have an accurate and reliable monitoring process using new techniques and systems. For this reason, I would like to examine the possibility of using cloud and big data in the field of infrastructure safety management.

The purpose of this study is to present operating directions of school food service center (SFSC) for development of environment-friendly agricultural producers (EFAP) and regional agriculture. Of eight SFSCs being operated in Chungcheongnam- do, this study analyzed situations of three cases, Cheonan, Asan and Hongseong. The analysis on operation situations revealed that all the three cases had positive economic effects on EFAP in the aspect of low commission and fixed supply price for a given period. The survey showed that social and economic changes since participating in the SFSC were largest in Asan. The awareness of the economic effects was largest among the producers in Cheonan.

This paper introduces and summarizes damage cases of cable for cable supported bridges. The damage cases of similar bridge types may become an important database in the maintenance and management of cable supported bridges in the future. It will also be used as a base material for improving and developing the technology of inspection and maintenance of cable supported bridges.

This study is for the damage with lack of drain pipe length and it is presented for the improved references which is ｢Design and management guidelines of road drainage facilities｣.

This paper introduces and summarizes damage cases of cable for cable supported bridges. The damage cases of similar bridge types may become an important database in the maintenance and management of cable supported bridges in the future. It will also be used as a base material for improving and developing the technology of inspection and maintenance of cable supported bridges.

This study is for the damage with lack of drain pipe length and it is presented for the improved references which is ｢Design and management guidelines of road drainage facilities｣.