As film products are increasingly used in a wide range of areas, from producing traditional flexible packaging to high-tech electronic products, a higher level of quality is demanded. Most film products are made in the form of rolled finished goods, therefore, various quality issues related to their shape characteristics must be addressed. The thickness of the film products is one of the most common and important critical-to-quality attributes (CTQs). Particularly, the degree of thickness uniformity is more important than other thickness parameters, because it will be potential causes of many secondary thickness-related quality problems, such as wrinkles or faulty windings. To control the degree of thickness uniformity, the fixed bending region is oneof the most important CTQs to manage. Fixed bending regions are special points in the transverse direction of a rolled product with consistent minute variations of the thickness gap. This paper describes the measurement and analysis of thickness uniformity data, which were performed in a real manufacturing field of biaxial oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film. In previous researches, quality function deployment (QFD) or fault tree analysis were used to find the most critical process attributes out to controlthe CTQ of thickness uniformity. Whereas, this paper uses traditional control charts to find the most critical process attributes out in this problem. In addition, the selection of one of the major critical process attributes (CTPs) that is expected to affect the CTQ of thickness uniformity is also described. The selected critical-to-process attributes are the controlled temperatures along the transverse direction. A dramatic improvement in thickness uniformity was observed when the selected CTPs were controlled.

본 연구에서는 다양한 감쇠판을 원통형 부유체에 부착하고 수치 시뮬레이션을 통해 원통형 부유체의 heave RAO 및 고유주기의 변화를 고찰하였다. 먼저 감쇠판을 부착하지 않은 원통형 부유체의 heave RAO 및 고유주기를 파악하였고, 원통형 부유체에 부착한 감쇠판의 크기와 형상을 바꿔가며 각 경우에 대한 heave RAO 및 고유주기를 평가하였다. 수치 시뮬레이션 결과, 감쇠판의 모든 면적에 대해서 감쇠판을 부착한 원통형 부유체의 고유주기는 증가하였고, 감쇠판의 크기가 1.30D부터 입사파의 피크주기에서 heave RAO는 감소하였다. 감쇠판의 모든 면적에 대해서 원형 감쇠판이 Y자형 감쇠판보다 고유주기가 길게 나타나며, 고유주기의 차이는 감쇠판의 면적이 커질수록 그 차이가 커졌다. 운동응답 스펙트럼 계산 결과, 원형 감쇠판과 Y자형 감쇠판을 부착한 원통형 부유체의 heave 운동이 입사파의 피크주기에서 현저하게 감소하였다. 또한 원형 감쇠판을 부착한 원통형 부유체의 고유주기가 Y형 감쇠판을 부착한 경우보다 입사파의 피크 주기에서 더 멀리 이동하였다.

본 연구에서는 소형어선 및 예인선단의 해양사고 사례를 통해 선박의 규정된 등화 및 형상물로 오인할 수 있거나 그들의 특성식별을 방해하는 등화 및 형상물 또는 적절한 경계(警戒)를 방해하는 등화 및 형상물의 문제점을 살펴보았다. 그리고 다음과 같이 선박의 등화 및 형상물에 관한 규칙을 규정하고 있는 국내법의 개정 필요성을 제시하고자 한다. 먼저「총톤수 10톤 미만 소형어선의 구조 및 설비기준」은 소형어선이 「국제해상충돌예방규칙」제26조 및「해사안전법」제84조에서 규정하고 있는 “어로에 종사하고 있는 선박”이 표시하여야 하는 등화 및 형상물을 비치하도록 개정하여야 한다. 둘째 소형어선의 항해등 및 레이더반사기에 관한 면제 규칙을 규정하고 있는「어선설비기준」은「해사안전법」제20조의 규정을 충족하도록 개정하여야 한다. 셋째 「해사안전법」제2조에서 규정하고 있는 “예인선열”의 정의는 「국제해상충돌예방규칙」제24조의 규정을 충족하도록 개정하여야 한다. 또한 모든 항해사에게 해양사고 예방을 위하여 적절한 등화 및 형상물 표시의 중요성을 강조하고자 한다.

The 1/5 scale–down model of the Bycatch Reduction Device (BRD) from an Argentinean demersal trawl was tested in a circulating water channel. The BRD is designed to help small Hake (merluza, merluccius hubbsi) to escape from a trawl. It is settled in front of a trawl codend, and is equipped with selection grids that help small fish to escape from the gear and guiding panels that help fish to meet with the grids. Bars of the grids are wires covered by the PVC and other parts of the BRD are made of net. When the velocity was less than 0.65 m/sec (2.81 Kont when translated to real towing speed) which is slow speed compared with real towing speed, position between an upper guiding panel and an upper selection grid were good to help small fish to escape. When the velocity was more than 0.8 m/sec (3.41 Knot when translated to real towing speed) which is similar to and faster than real towing speed, it was considered that small fish may have difficulties in escaping because the gap was not enough between an upper guiding panel and an upper selection grid. The lower selection grid was sat on the bottom of the tank without an angle due to the weight that it carries. Improvements were proposed to position the panels and the grids better.

Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) has been widely used for the development and fabrication of nano-powder with various morphologies such as particle, wire, rod, and tube. So far, many researchers have reported about shape control and fabrication of AAO films. However, they have reported on the shape control with different diameter and length of anodic aluminum oxide mainly. We present a combined mild-hard (or hard-mild) anodization to prepare shape-controlled AAO films. Two main parameters which are combination mild-hard (or hard-mild) anodization and run-time of voltage control are applied in this work. The voltages of mild and hard anodization are respectively 40 and 80 V. Anodization was conducted on the aluminum sheet in 0.3 mole oxalic acid at 4oC. AAO films with morphologies of varying interpore distance, branch-shaped pore, diameter-modulated pore and long funnel-shaped pore were fabricated. Those shapes will be able to apply to fabricate novel nano-materials with potential application which is especially a support to prevent volume expansion of inserted active materials, such as metal silicon or tin powder, in lithium ion battery. The silicon powder electrode using an AAO as a support shows outstanding cycle performance as 1003 mAh/g up to 200 cycles.

For rear metallization with Al paste, Al back contacts require good passivation, high reflectance, and a processing temperature window compatible with the front metal. In this paper, the effect of the firing ambient during the metallization process on the formation of Al rear metal was investigated. We chose three different gases as ambient gases during the firing process. Using SEM, we observed the formation of a back surface field in N2, O2, and Air ambients. To determine the effect of the ambient on Voc, the suns-Voc tool was used. In this study, we described the mechanism of burn-out of organic materials in Al paste during the firing process. The oxygen ambient plays an important role in the burn-out process. We calculated the efficiency with obtained the back surface recombination velocities using PC1D simulation. It was found that the presence of oxygen during the firing process influenced the uniform back surface field because the organic materials in the Al paste were efficiently burned out during heating. The optimized temperature with oxygen flow shows an absolute efficiency of 19.1% at PC1D simulation.

The sinking seat is the mounted seat in rear columns of recreational vehicle. The convenience of sinking seat is lower than folding seat because the paths of the containment and withdrawal are different each other. In this paper, the cam shape design model which is related recliner apparatus was introduced of the folding path of the existing manual system sinking seat. And the validity of the design variable was verified through the dynamic mechanics simulation using RecurDyn. but, the transformation-time graph of cam link joint position in RecurDyn is unstable because it is not consideration of friction.

프리스트레스 콘크리트 정착부의 설계를 위해 AASHTO 및 PTI에서 관련 설계식을 제안하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 설계식은 구조물의 긴장력이 단순 지압판을 통해 구조 전반으로 전달된다는 가정으로 유도된 것으로 실제 구조물에 적용되는 상용 정착구의 형태와는 차이가 있다. 이 논문에서는 하중전달 시험에 의한 실험적 방법과 3차원 고체요소를 사용한 비선형 유한요소해석 프로그램을 이용한 해석적 방법을 통해 정착구의 형상 변수에 따른 정착부의 거동특성 변화에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 하중전달시험 결과에서 얻어진 하중변위 곡선 및 극한하중 값을 해석을 통해 얻은 결과와 비교하여 유한요소모델의 적합성을 확인하였다. 또한 정착구의 리브의 설치위치, 리브의 개수, 리브의 설치길이를 주요 변수로 설정하여 형상변수에 따른 매개변수 연구를 수행하였다.

ZnO micro/nanocrystals at large scale were synthesized through the thermal evaporation of Al-Zn mixtures under air atmosphere. The effect of synthetic temperature and time on the morphology of the micro/nanocrystals was examined. It was found that the temperature and time affected the morphology of the ZnO crystals. At temperatures below 900 oC, no crystals were synthesized. At a temperature of 1000 oC, ZnO crystals with a rod shape were synthesized. With an increase in temperature from 1000 oC to 1100 oC, the morphology of the crystals changed from rod shape to wire and granular shapes. As the time increased from 2 h to 3 h at 1000 oC, tetrapod-shaped ZnO crystals started to form. XRD patterns showed that the ZnO crystals had a hexagonal wurtzite structure. EDX analysis revealed that the ZnO crystals had high purity. It is believed that the ZnO nanowires were grown via a vapor-solid mechanism because no catalyst particles were observed at the tips of the micro/nanocrystals in the SEM images.

This study aims to survey the creation process of female figure as a whole by linking features of female association depending on Shen cong wen's creation period with the characteristics of female figures of each time. Female figures at the first creation period are, in many cases, just passive subjects looked into the eyes of the male writer. This is largely because of a woman named Ma, Yao Mei, and Ding ling, who were those Shen associated when he first started writing literatures. They were women who hided their true colors of wicked women under the veil of positive image of girl and seem to have a huge impact on the creation of female figures by Shen at the initial stage of his literature creation process. At the second period, female figures in his literatures are varied and colorful. There are novels in which a woman is a main character and stories, in many cases, are delivered from a point of view of a woman. Ding ling and Zhang zhao he associating with Shen at that time had a great impact on this. Literatures by Shen in this period were a dedication for the love and friendship with friends and lovers. Female figures at the third period have contradictory characteristics; sometimes it is too ordinary and plain, and others it is too abstract and difficult. This is related to the fact that the association with women did not directly motivate his creation at that time due to the reality called marriage and a special circumstance: war. But, in this period, he was absorbed in creation to capture the lively motion and beauty of life that he had constantly envisioned. In conclusion, by investigating the relationship between his association with women and female figures, the author has been able to identify the meaning of coincidence and women when it comes to creation, as the way he had expressed. His creative tendency was determined according to the nature of women he was in association with each time and the female figures did not stray from the shadows of women he was in association with. This feature on the creation of literatures by Shen suggests that his literary world and female figures are to be interpreted and studied in various ways in the fields such as eco-feminism and gender psychology.

본 연구에서는 크기와 형상이 서로 다른 4가지 실버 파우더를 이용하여 감광성 실버 페이스트를 제조 하였다. 제조된 실버 페이스트의 레올로지 특성 및 터치패널용 전도성 미세패턴 구현을 검토하였다. 그리고 건조방식에 따른 전도성도 평가하였다. 그 결과 실버 파우더의 평균입자 크기는 D50=0.8∼1.0㎛이 가장 낮은 저항치를 얻을 수 있었고, 또한 패턴의 Sharpness도 가장 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 건조방식은 예비건조 및 후 건조를 IR/IR방식으로 진행한 것이 가장 낮은 저항치를 얻을수있었다.

This study investigated the embedded depth of guardrail posts through 3-D soil material model and carried out evaluation of the dynamic performance of guard rail. In order to calculate for embedded depth of sloping ground, displacement of guardrail posts is analyzed according to the embedded depth of experiment variables. Through the static test of guardrail posts, the maximum deflection was found to decrease the interval. By performing the dynamic test using the Bogie Car, that is confirmed the elastic modulus of the soil occuring the maximum deflection. Guardrail posts is considered to need for further reinforcement in the larger slope than the plains. This study researched about maximum displacement and deviation velocity through dynamic performance of guardrail system and conducted analysis about protection performance evaluation of passenger.

In this study, a shape design and an analysis considering structural stability were investigated to develop an icosahedron-based hemispherical modular dome. To design this modular dome, a program that can perform icosahedron shape modeling, modularization of joint connection members, and the analysis of structural stability was developed. Furthermore, based on the adopted numerical model, the eigen buckling mode, unstable behavior characteristics according to load vector, and the critical buckling load of the modular dome under uniformly distributed load and concentrated load were analyzed, and the resistance capacities of the structure according to different load vectors were compared. The analysis results for the modular dome suggest that the developed program can perform joint modeling for shape design as well as modular member design, and adequately expressed the nonlinear behaviors of structured according to load conditions. The critical buckling load results also correctly reflected the characteristics of the load conditions. The uniformly distributed load was more advantageous to the structural stability than concentrated load.

The aim of this study was to use a 3D human body scanner to analyze the cross section of different body parts when a girdle is worn. Two types of girdles were selected as experimental garments: a standard type girdle (Garment A) and a high-waist type girdle (Garment B). Their sizes were 88 (S) and 94 (M). Ten female subjects in their twenties who wear girdles sizes 88 (S) and 94 (M) participated the experiment. Their bodies were scanned three times with the 3D human body scanner, before and after wearing experimental girdles. The data were collected by overlapping the cross sections of the 3D scanned body shape data. The space length was measured from the overlapped cross sections. The results show that human body silhouette are changed after wearing the compression type garments and the amount and place of the body change is different by style of garments. First, the waist girth shape became rounder. Second, there was a definite difference in space amount at abdomen girth between two types of girdle. The abdomen area was pushed toward the front after wearing the standard type girdle (A). The high-waist type girdle (B) pushed abdomen area toward the back. Third, there was clear difference at the hip area after wearing two types of girdle. The hip area pushed toward the front with the standard type girdle (A) and pushed toward the back with the high-waist type girdle (B).

This study investigated the effect of a load of 15% body weight on trunk, pelvis and hip joint coordination and angle variability in subjects with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP) during an anterior load carriage task. Thirty volunteers participated in the study (15 without CLBP, 15 with CLBP). All participants were asked to perform an anterior carriage task with a load of 15% body weight. The outcome measures included the means and standard deviations for measurements of three-dimensional coordination and angle variability of the trunk, pelvis and hip joint. As CLBP patient group .06, control group .70, the correlation coefficient between the groups showed a significant difference only in trunk-pelvic in the sagittal plane (p<.05). Angle variability of CLBP patient group increased significantly in the trunk in frontal plane, the pelvis in all sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane, and the hip in sagittal plane, the hip in frontal plane than angle variability of control group (p<.05). This results mean that the CLBP patient group showed a disconnected coordination pattern in the trunk-pelvis in the sagittal plane, an increased pelvic angle variability in all three planes, and hip angle variability in the sagittal, and frontal planes. The CLBP patient group may have developed a compensatory movement of the pelvis and hip joint arising from the changed stability due to the abnormal coordination patterns of the trunk-pelvic in the sagittal plane. Therefore, CLBP symptoms can potentially worsen in the pelvis and adjacent hip joint in CLBP patients who perform weight-related behaviors in their daily lives. Further research is needed to determine the three-dimensional characteristics of the electromyography and neuromuscular aspects of subjects with CLBP.

In this study, the effect of upper die type on the load characteristics of lower die and the wasted material was studied numerically. The different shapes(A-type, B-type, and C-type) of upper die were applied. Also finite element analysis method was applied for the analysis in each stage. The half of X, Y plane was analyzed due to the symmetrical shape in order to reduce the analysis time and be accurate results. The coefficient of friction was set to oil_cold conditions as refer to the system library. It was revealed that principal stress was the order in A, C, and B. A and B type have the highest value in 4 stage, and C type shows the highest value in 3 stage. In addition, Von mises stress were higher in order A, B, and C. A and B type have the highest in 4 stage, and C type shows to have about the same value in the 2 - 5 stage. The load was generally higher than C type. The load of C type was reduced in YY-direction at each stage without 2, 5, 6 stage.

The hydraulic equipments has a high utilization in the many works such as the excavation, planation and crane works in the construction sites. They are an essential equipments in the construction site and the loading & unloading works of the large size objects. In the many parts which are composed of the hydraulic equipments, the main control valve(MCV) is the core of the equipments. The hydraulic energy from the pump controls the direction and the rate of flow by MCV. And the flow rate of the MCV inlet operate some actuators to perform the diverse action of the spool. So, it is important to analysis the shape of the flow path and the notch of the spool. In order to perform the optimal design of the 6-way valve, the study for the analysis of the flow path and the pressure distribution according to the pressure control, which to meet use condition, must be performed. In this study, we carried out the reverse-engineering of the MCV using the parametric technique as the first step in the research of the MCV. And we analyzed the shape of the flow path and the pressure distribution for the notch of the spool using the optimal modeling of the MCV.

This research is to numerically investigate the flow analysis of thermopneumatic micropump with three different thicknesses of PDMS membrane in micropump owing to the thermal expansion with uniform heat flux in the PDMS membrane. Velocity, temperature distributions and flow rates over the flow domain with different membrane thicknesses in the micropump are numerically calculated for the performance evaluation of pressure increase in micropump with uniform inlet velocity and temperature. According to the calculations of local maximum velocity at outlet, higher thickness of PDMS membrane(500μm) give larger local velocity in the micropump and maximum local velocity occurred at the center of the micropump with respect to the axial direction.

Structural system involves random conditions such as material property, geometric parameters and applied loads. This is caused by either measurement inaccuracy or system complexity and must be designed to withstand the uncertainties, Random structures may be modelled by using the finite element method using Monte Carlo simulation. It can be applied easily to any structural system with random parameters. The aim of this paper is to find the shape optimal design for the cantilever beam with random input variables to the height and response parameters to the displacement and stresses. The probabilistic design is carried out using ANSYS probabilistic design module in a commercial application software and then the optimal design is sequentially solved. An efficient and practical shape optimal design evaluation method is proposed for the design of the cantilever beam shape. The numerical results are obtained where total volume of the beam, stresses and displacements in the beam treated as constraints