In order to enhance the effectiveness of students' learning behavior through teaching, it is necessary to investigate the differences between competent and less competent teachers' teaching practices. Furthermore, it is also important to examine various w

This study examined the role of interpretation with various practices in art museums to seek a new meaning and a concept of art museum today. The exploration of interpretation would be a starting point to discuss about on art museums with professionals in each art-related field. While museums recognize the concept of interpretation and the scope of the functions in different levels, the study focused on the practices of collecting and exhibiting that will entrust the museum new realms of activities toward the audience. In particular, its emphases are set force on the information on the collections via the museum’s web sites, interpretation policies, and theories and methodologies in exhibition development. Art museum websites well reflect how museums utilize the new medium to enhance the understanding of art works by providing in-depth art historical information, comprehensive contexts, and subject/concept based search methods. In recent decades, these have enacted changes to expand dimensions of interpretive functions in most museums, particularly in the United States and others. In an administrative perspective, Tate Gallery Interpretation Policy became an good example how an art museum put its interpretation philosophy as the basis of interpreting collection and public programs. Tate established functions of intrepretation and education not only within a task-based team but also as an intrer-divisional coorperation to provide an interpretation scheme of information provisions such as guide brochure, audio tour, multimedia content, and library. New environment and trends of museum exhibition, and its development processes stem from communication theories, object interpretation philosophy, display strategies, and various evaluation techniques through audiences. With the communication theories of Shannon and Weaver, Berlo’s SMCR(Source-Message-Channel-Receiver) models were perceived as to understand the mechanism to communicate museum exhibits to visitors. Suzan vogel’s insight into object display strategy helped to conceive the mechanism of object recontextualization. She emphasized that the museum’s practice to construe opinions and impressions through object display should be discreet and critical. therefore, the professionals to plan the exhibition should reveal the intention and their practices. For a prevailing new methodology from the field, the interpretive exhibition development processes are articulated as the front-end, formative, and summative evaluation, futhermore the team process in industrial product management models was adapted. These have turned out to be more interactive with visitors and effective to communicate the exhibition concepts and messages, hence resulting in enriched museum experiences. Finally the study concluded that understanding the aspects of interpretation should help art museums to set a framework for current practices to expand its public dimension. It can provide curators with a critical view to website planning and its content. And obviously, the interpretive exhibition development methodology will lead museum exhibition developers to be skilled in its current approaches to thematic exhibition concerning diverse subjects and topics.

본 연구는 우리나라 국립공원의 대표적 자연해설시설인 탐방안내소 중 계획에 의해 조성ㆍ운영중인 내장산국립공원 내장사지구 탐방안내소와 북한산국립공원 정릉지구 탐방안내소를 대상으로 기능평가를 통한 이용활성화 방안제시를 목적으로 하였다. 국내외의 문헌연구를 통해 탐방안내소의 개념 및 기능, 유형 등을 파악하고 McManus의 커뮤니케이션 이론을 중심으로 탐방객에 의한 이용 후 평가를 실시하였다. 총 5단계에 걸친 평가 결과 탐방안내소 이용자들은 탐방안내소를 이해하기 위한 충분한 관람시간을 갖지 못하였으며 편의시설과 안내시스템의 부족으로 올바른 이용이 이루어지지 않았다. 전시내용에 대한 관람성향과 전시 내용의 이해도 부문 역시 전시물과 탐방객과의 원활한 커뮤니케이션이 이루어지고 있지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 이런 문제점들의 개선방안으로는 첫째, 탐방안내소 홍보 및 안내사인 보완 둘째, 다양한 계층을 고려한 전시관별 특성화와 차별화 된 전시연출 셋째, 각 전시내용들이 각 탐방객들의 사회적 경험과 연관되도록 하며 넷째, 전시주제에 맞는 전시매체의 적극적 활용이 필요함을 제안하였다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate an effective way of using real-time computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools for the development of Korean EFL learners’ oral communicative competence. The subjects of the study are the 53 first-year female university students and they are randomly assigned into three groups: text-, voice-, and video-chatting groups. The major results of the study are as follows: first, all the three synchronous CMC tools are effective in improving the fluency and accuracy of speaking skills. Second, the voice-based CMC tools, not the text-based one, are effective in improving the learners’ interactive skills and active use of communicative strategies. Third, all the three synchronous CMC tools are effective in enhancing the learners’ confidence in their English speaking abilities and beliefs in the improvement of their oral communicative competence. Lastly, the learners’ responses to the use of the CMC tools in performing communicative tasks are very positive in all the three groups. Based on these results, some pedagogical suggestions are made on the effective use of the synchronous CMC tools in Korean English classroom settings.

We cannot imagine textbooks without visual images in foreign language education. What are their roles and fuctions in language teaching? Are they simple decorations for just visual effects? Or are they presented to facilitate listening and reading comprehesion? To answer to these questions, this study is designed to analyse the relations between visual images and texts in language teaching materials based on communicative approach, and to argue that visual images are means of conveying their own autonomous meanings.

More and more countries are pursuing the improvement of their companies international competitiveness, quality improvement and increase of productivity by adopting the technology and management standards for information and communications industry as a national standard. This trend based on international standards contributes to promotion of international trade in information and telecommunication industry. Thus, the products of the companies which dont select and comply with the adequate standards are hard to obtain confidence and the companies are losing the opportunities to compete in the market. As information and communication industry becomes more complicated and its competition environment changes rapidly, the market requires more reliable products than ever and management of the entire lifecycle from development of software to its disuse. Besides, the service quality improvement of suppliers and rapid and clear communication between suppliers and customers are also required. The purpose of this study is to clearly understand the theoretical details of TL 9000 by researching the literatures and materials on TL 9000. Also, the paper studies the status of QMS building based on TL 9000 by researching and analyzing the positive cases of QMS established by companies on the basis of TL 9000 standards.

This paper deals with a first-come, first-served qucueing model to analyze the behavior of heterogeneous finite source system with a single server. Each sources and the processor are assumed to operate in independently Markovian environments, respectively

To investigate the modifying effect of Kwao Kreu, Pueraria mirifica (PM), we performed two kind of studies which are the non-surgical medium-term carcinogenicity study and the modulation of gap functional intercellular communication study. The first study, a non-surgical medium-term carcinogenicity bioassay was done to investigate the modifying effect of Kwao Kent, Pueraria mirifica (PM), a rejuvenating folk medicine from Thailand, on the male F344 rat liver. Specific pathogen free, male 6-week-old F344 rats were divided into ten groups. To induce hepatocarcinogenesis, those in all groups were given a single i.p. injection of DEN (200 mg/kg) and were received two i.p. injection of DGA (300 mg/kg) at the ends of weeks 2 and 5. Rats of group 3-6 were given sodium phenobarbital (PB 0.05 % in drink). A diet containing 10 mg/kg PM was given to group 2 during the post-initiation phase and to groups 4 and 5 during promotion and initiation phase, respectively. Group 6 was given the experimental diet alone throughout the experiment (8 weeks). Rats of group 7, 8, 9 and 10 were fed 1000 mg/kg PM in the same manner as group 2, 4, 5 and 6. All animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks after DEN administration. Result of the iimmunohistochemical staining of the glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-p) indicated that the numbers and areas of the preneoplastic leisions were not significantly changed in all PM treatment group comparing to control group. A.Iso the numbers and areas of GST-p positive foci among group 7, 8, 9 and 10 were not significantly changed in comparing to control group. To study the effect of PM on the modulation of gap functional intercellular communication, the present study was performed scrape-loading dye transfer (SL/DT) assay in human keratinocytes. The results showed that PM could not modulate GJIC. These results indicate that Pueraria mirifzca may have no carcinogenic effects on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and gap functional intercellular communication in human keratinocyte.

The ionosphere, the atmosphere of the earth ionized by solar radiations, has been strongly varied with solar activity. The ionosphere varies with the solar cycle, the seasons, the latitudes and during any given day. Radio wave propagation through or in the ionosphere is affected by ionospheric condition so that one needs to consider its effects on operating communication systems normally. For examples, sporadic E may form at any time. It occurs at altitudes between 90 to 140 km (in the E region), and may be spread over a large area or be confined to a small region. Sometimes the sporadic E layer works as a mirror so that the communication signal does not reach the receiver. And radiation from the Sun during large solar flares causes increased ionization in the D region which results in greater absorption of HF radio waves. This phenomenon is called short wave fade-outs. If the flare is large enough, the whole of the HF spectrum can be rendered unusable for a period of time. Due to events on the Sun, sometimes the Earth's magnetic field becomes disturbed. The geomagnetic field and the ionosphere are linked in complex ways and a disturbance in the geomagnetic field can often cause a disturbance in the F region of the ionosphere. An enhancement will not usually concern the HF communicator, but the depression may cause frequencies normally used for communication to be too high with the result that the wave penetrates the ionosphere. Ionospheric storms can occur throughout the solar cycle and are related to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and coronal holes on the Sun. Except the above mentioned phenomena, there are a lot of things to affect the radio communication. Nowadays, radio technique for probing the terrestrial ionosphere has a tendency to use satellite system such as GPS. To get more accurate information about the variation of the ionospheric electron density, a TEC measurement system is necessary so RRL will operate the system in the near future.