본 연구는 대체에너지, 생태복원 및 밀원식물용 등으로 이용되어 묘목 수요가 증가되고 있는 쉬나무의 우량한 용기묘 생산을 위한 적정 시비수준을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 공시용기는 임업시설양묘용 플라스틱 용기(350 ㎖/구)를 사용하였다. 시비처리는 무시비구와 함께 수용성 복합비료인 Multifeed 19 (N:P:K=19:19:19, v/v)를 500 ㎎·L-1, 1000 ㎎·L-1, 1500 ㎎·L-1, 2000 ㎎·L-1로 조절하여 시비하였다. 실험결과, 간장과 근원경 생장은 시비수준이 높아짐에 따라 높은 생장값을 나타내다가 1000 ㎎·L-1 이상의 시비에서는 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 뿌리발달은 1000 ㎎·L-1에서 가장 왕성하였다. 건물생산량도 1000 ㎎·L-1에서 가장 높았고 전체적으로 간장 및 근원경 생장 결과와 유사한 경향으로 나타났다. 묘목의 품질을 나타내는 지수인 QI (Quality Index)도 1000 ㎎·L-1에서 0.97로 다른 처리구 보다 높게 조사 되었다. 연구결과를 종합하면, 쉬나무 용기묘의 우량한 묘목생산을 위한 적정 시비수준은 1000 ㎎·L-1로 판단되며, 쉬나무 용기묘의 대량생산을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

The present study identified several antecedents that create perceived resistance to supply chain management (SCM) change. This work particularly emphasizes SCM change, which is notable given its central role in reacting market orientation and varied environmental and managerial conditions. A careful case study on a small and medium sized food production company in South Korea leads to the formulation of our framework including one second-order construct of ‘resistance’ as well as eight first-order constructs of ‘implementing the payment terms’, ‘balancing of business process’, ‘fear of responsibility’, ‘business sustainability transparency’, ‘past experience of failure’, ‘competence of work personnel’, ‘cooperation with third parties’ and ‘sharing personnel information with partner’. The hypothesized relation of first- and second-order construct was validated using survey sample data collected from 350 respondents who completed their questionnaire instrument. Results from confirmatory factor analysis revealed that nomological validity was established at statistical significance level by identifying six first order constructs of ‘implementing the payment terms’, ‘fear of responsibility’, ‘business sustainability transparency’, ‘past experience of failure’, a conbined construct of 'competence of work personnel/ cooperation with third parties’ and ‘sharing personnel information with partner’. The findings from our work are expected to provide important insights to the strategy for SCM risk management for small and medium sized company.

본 연구는 계란 생산성, 계란품질 및 악취저감에 관한 Bacillus subtillus, Streptomyces galilaeus 및 Sphingobacteriaceae로 구성된 복합생균제(PM, probiotic mixture)의 효과를 조사하였다. 산란계 Hy-Line Brown 240수를 4처리구로 구분하여 6주 동안 사육하였다. 처리구는 복합생균제를 함유하지 않은 대조구(CON, control), 일반생균제(CP3, commercial probiotics 0.3%), 복합생균제 3(PM3, 복합생균제 0.3%), 복합생균제 5(PM5, 복합생균제 0.5%)로 구분하였다. 산란율, 계란 호우유니트, 난각두께, 난각강도, 난황색 및 농후난백 높이는 PM3, PM5가 CON 및 CP3에 비해서 높았다. 계분으로부터 암모니아, E. coli, 총호기성균, Coliform, Salmonella 균수는 CON>CP3>PM3>PM5 순서로 증가하였다. 본 결과는 B. subtillus, S. galilaeus 및 Sphingobacteriaceae로 구성된 복합생균제 0.3%가 산란율, 계란품질 개선 및 분에서 암모니아 발생을 낮추어 양계장 악취저감 효과를 갖는다는 점을 보여 준다.

팔당호 수변지역 내 부유조류와 부착조류의 일차생산력은 부착조류의 일차생산력이 더 높게 나타났다. 따라서 수변 지역이나 하천에서는 부착조류에 의한 유기물 생성이 주요한 수생태계 에너지 공급원이 될 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 국내에서 처음으로 지표색소의 생산속도 분석결과가 제시되었는데 향후 일차생산력을 측정하는 데 있어서 조류의 총 일차생산력으로 국한된 측정 방법을 좀 더 세분화 하여 특정 조류의 기여도 및 개별 생산력을 판단하는 데 유용하게 사용될 것으로 사료된다.

The Transgenic livestock can be useful for the production of disease-resistant animals, pigs for xenotranplantation, animal bioreactor for therapeutic recombinant proteins and disease model animals. Previously, conventional methods without using artificial nuclease-dependent DNA cleavage system were used to produce such transgenic livestock, but their efficiency is known to be low. In the last decade, the development of artificial nucleases such as zinc-finger necleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas has led to more efficient production of knock-out and knock-in transgenic livestock. However, production of knock-in livestock is poor. In mouse, genetically modified mice are produced by co-injecting a pair of knock-in vector, which is a donor DNA, with a artificial nuclease in a pronuclear fertilized egg, but not in livestock. Gene targeting efficiency has been increased with the use of artificial nucleases, but the knock-in efficiency is still low in livestock. In many research now, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) methods used after selection of cell transfected with artificial nuclease for production of transgenic livestock. In particular, it is necessary to develop a system capable of producing transgenic livestock more efficiently by co-injection of artificial nuclease and knock-in vectors into fertilized eggs.

The purpose of this study was to develop high quality dark film honeycomb fabric curtains. The results of producing the prototype for various color tone development, hot melt viscosity, and adhesiveness test for the final prototype were as follows. The hexagonal honeycomb structure is easy to manufacture, has a good coupling force, and has a dark honeycomb fabric curtain. The hot melt condition was obtained with 540g of hot melt and 1.5kg of diluent, 242.3cp, and the curing result was obtained at 140°C. Seven different colors were developed using yellow, red, blue, and white four primary colors. The adhesive force test device was designed to enable more than 5,000 real tests by the automatic opening and closing device for the convenience of the field workers. The size of the test sample was designed to be 1,000mm × 1,200mm. As a result of designing and manufacturing the prototype to attach the monitor and the control device to automatically count, the prototype was made to be measured 10,000 times. The combined force of the honeycomb fabric curtain was maintained after 5,000 tests on the manufactured rock film honeycomb fabric curtain.

LDV(laser Doppler velocimetry) measurements were conducted at a total of four planes at 0.4 speed ratio. The speed ratio of 0.4 is 1600rpm of impeller and 633rpm of turbine speed. Even at the speed ratio 0.4, fluid flow at the gap region between the impeller and turbine and impeller exit was leaving the impeller and flowing up behind the turbine, and flows were affected by the turbine blade as it passed, negatively effecting converter efficiency. In the gap region, fluctuations make a clear sinusoidal trend unclear. The rise and fall of the flow rates in a broad sense, indicate a dependency based on the passage of the turbine blade in front of the impeller passage exit but a sinusoidal trend is not evident from this data.

본 연구는 통계청 농림어업통계자료, 농가경제조사, 농업경영체 DB 등 3개의 상이한 자료를 이용하여 쌀 소득보전직불제의 생산연계효과를 분석한다. 구체적으로는 전년도 쌀 고정직불금과 변동직불금 수취액이 당년도 재배면적 증가를 유발하는지에 대하여 전체 농가와 다양한 농가유형으로 구분하여 검정한다. 이를 위하여 쌀 재배면적을 종속변수로 하고 독립변수로 전년도 재배면적, 고정직불금, 변동직 불금, 쌀 가격, 농촌노임 등을 포함하여 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 고정직불금의 경우 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 반면, 변동직불금은 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나 생산연계효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 농가유형별 생산연계효과를 분석한 결과에서도 모든 유형의 농가에 대해서 변동직불금 지급이 쌀 재배면적 증대를 유발할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 연도가 지날수록 변동직불금이 차년도 재배면적 증가에 미치는 영향은 점점 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 재배면적의 증가는 쌀 가격의 하락으로 이어지고 이는 정부의 차년도 변동직불금 지급액 증가를 가져와서 WTO한도를 초과할 우려가 있다. 따라서 향후 직불제는 생산유발효과가 없는 고정직불금을 확대하고 변동직불금은 축소하되 수입보장보험 등 추가적인 소득안정제도의 도입을 제안한다.

This study examined how key factors of FFI (degree of explicitness, L1 similarity, proficiency level, and grammar type) influence the accuracy of production. A total of 22 experimental studies, all of which had Korean participants and productive assessments of speech or writing, were selected for analysis. Results revealed that explicit grammar emphasis was more effective for morphology that had a small, binary scope (present or absent). Results further revealed that explicit emphasis of grammatical features dissimilar from the L1 significantly increased accuracy of learner speech and writing. In contrast, implicit emphasis was effective with grammatical features that had a larger scope (e.g., many lexical forms or syntactic arrangements), as well as with grammatical features that were similar to the L1. Findings suggest that explicit emphasis of a smaller scope and implicit emphasis of a larger scope are both useful, since they do not cognitively overload the learner during communication.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of LED and QD-LED (Quantum Dot) irradiation on seed germination, antioxidant ability, and microbial growth, during red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) sprouts cultivation. Irradiated light was blue, red, blue + red and blue + red + far red (QD-LED) lights, and the controls were a fluorescent lamp (FL), and dark condition. Germination rate of red radish was highest in the dark condition. The plant height and fresh weight of red radish sprouts that irradiated each light for 24 hrs after 7 days growing in dark condition, did not shown significantly difference among treatments. After 24 hrs of light irradiation, cotyledon green was best in blue + red light, and the red hypocotyl was excellent in blue light and QD-LED light. DPPH and phenol contents were high in dark and blue + red light treatment, and anthocyanin content was high in blue light and QDLED light. Total aerobic counts were similar in all treatments and did not show bactericidal effect, whereas E. coli count was lowest in QD-LED light treatment, and yeast and mold counts were lowest in FL only treatment. Results suggest that when red radish seeds were germinated in dark condition and cultivated for 7 days as sprouts, and then treated with blue light or QD-LED light for 24 hrs, the seeds produced good quality red radish sprouts with greenish cotyledon, reddish hypocotyl, high anthocyanin content, and lower level of E coli contamination.

본 연구의 목적은 농가의 사회·경제적 특성을 조사하여 대상 지역 쌀 생산의 기술적 효율성 수준을 분석하는 것이다. 또한 이 연구에서는 캄보디아의 쌀 생산성 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 확인하고자 하였다. 이 연구에 사용된 정보는 2016년에 캄보디아 남부에 위치 하는 다케오주의 트람꺽군과 키리웡군에서 무작위로 선택된 80개의 농가를 면접 조사한 자료이다. 농가의 사회·경제적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 기술 관련 통계 자료가 활용되었다. 또한 inputorientation data envelopment analysis는 기술적 효율성 점수를 추정하는데 사용되었다. 더불어 Tobit regression은 쌀 생산의 효율성 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하는데 사용되었다. 연구 결과에 따르면 연구 결과에 따르면 연구 분야 농가의 평균 기술 효율은 0.67인 반면, 쌀 생산업자들은 같은 생산 수준을 유지하면서도 투입 비용을 33% 절감할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다케오주의 뜨람꺽군 및 키리웡군의 쌀 생산의 효율성 수준에 영향을 미치는 네 가지 요인이 발견되었다. 토빗 회귀분석 결과, 가장의 성별, 가장의 주요 직업, 쌀의 재배 횟수를 포함한 요인들이 기술적 효율성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 심어진 종자와 품종은 기술적 효율성에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정되었다. 쌀 생산 규모의 효율성은 0.80로 분석되었으며, 이는 농민들이 적정 규모에 가깝게 운영 하고 있음을 나타낸다. 이는 생산관련 비효율의 원인이 투입 자원의 잘못된 배분이나 부적절한 사용으로 인한 것임을 의미 한다.

Although somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in pigs have great potential, their use is limited because the establishment efficiency of ESCs is extremely low. Accordingly, we tried to develop in-vitro culture system stimulating production of SCNT blastocysts with high performance in the colony formation and formation of colonies derived from SCNT blastocysts for enhancing production efficiency of porcine ESCs. For these, SCNT blastocysts produced in various types of embryo culture medium were cultured in different ESC culture medium and optimal culture medium was determined by comparing colony formation efficiency. As the results, ICM of porcine SCNT blastocysts produced through sequential culture of porcine SCNT embryos in the modified porcine zygote medium (PZM)-5 and the PZM-5F showed the best formation efficiency of colonies in α-MEM-based medium. In conclusion, appropriate combination of the embryo culture medium and ESC culture medium will greatly contribute to successful establishment of ESCs derived from SCNT embryos.

‘Choyoung’, a winter forage triticale cultivar (X Triticosecale Wittmack), was developed at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2015. The cultivar ‘Choyoung’ has the leaves of medium width, long length and green color and a medium grain of brown color. The heading date of the cultivar ‘Choyoung’ was April 30 which was 2 days earlier than that of check cultivar ‘Shinyoung’. Its tolerance or resistance to cold, wet injury, powdery mildew, and leaf rust was similar to those of the check cultivar. But the resistance to the lodging of cultivar ‘Choyoung’ was stronger than that of the check. The average forage fresh and dry matter yield of cultivar ‘Choyoung’ at milk-ripe stages were 40.5 and 15.7 MT ha-1, respectively, which were similar to those (40.3 and 16.1 MT ha-1) of the check cultivar. The silage quality of ‘Choyoung’ was higher than that of the check cultivar ‘Shinyoung’ in crude protein content (5.9%), while was similar to the check cultivar ‘Shinyoung’ in acid detergent fiber (33.9%), neutral detergent fiber (57.3%), and total digestible nutrients (62.2%). It showed a grain yield of 5.59 MT ha-1, which was 38% higher than that of the check cultivar ‘Shinyoung’ (4.05 MT ha-1). This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing forage crops in areas in which average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than -10 ℃.