본 연구는 뷰티 인플루언서 마케팅의 중요한 소비계층인 20-30대 여성 소비자를 대상으로 뷰티 인플루언서의 특성이 메이크업행동과 색조화장품 구매의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하고자 하였다. 더불어 뷰티 인플루언서를 활용한 색조화장품 마케팅 및 시장 확대에 도움이 되는 기초정보를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 설문지는 서울 및 수도권 지역에 총 563부를 배포하였으며, 최종 531부를 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 인구통계학적 특성(연령별)에 따른 뷰티 인플루언서 특성의 영향 요인은 신뢰도, 전문도에 따라 차이가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 뷰티 인플루언서 특성의 하위요인별 신뢰도와 전달능력은 모든 메이크업행동에 정(+)의 영향, 전문도는 베이스 메이크업에만 정(+)의 영향, 색조화장품 구매의도에는 신뢰도, 전달능력, 매력도가 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 중 신뢰도가 가장 큰 정(+) 의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 뷰티 인플루언서 특성을 바탕으로 소비자와 소통·공감하고, 보다 다양한 메이크업 및 색조화장품 관련 정보를 더욱 정직하게 전달함으로써 장기적인 관계 유지를 위해 노력해야 할 것이다.

본 연구는 헤어서비스전문가의 블랙컨슈머 행동지각이 정서적 소진과 자아탄력성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 서울, 경기, 전남지역 헤어미용전문가를 대상으로 318부의 설문지가 최종 분석 자료로 사용되었으며 SPSS 26.0 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 분석 되었다. 연구결과는 첫째, 블랙컨슈머 행동지각이 정서적 소진에 정적(+)상관관계를 보였고, 블랙컨슈머 행동지각이 자아탄력성에 부적(-)상관관계를 보였다. 정서적 소진과 자아탄력성은 서로 부적(-)상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, 블랙컨슈머 요인 중 과도성이 정서적 소진에 영향을 미치고 있음이 확인되었다. 셋째, 블랙컨슈머 요인 중 과도성, 상습성이 자아탄력성에 영향을 미치고 있음이 확인되었다. 넷째, 정서적 소진은 자아탄력성에 영향을 미치고 있음이 확인되었다.

선박 기관실 통풍 설계조건 및 계산 기준에 관한 국제 표준(ISO 8861)을 만족해야 하는 선박 기관구역의 환기시스템은 일반적 으로 내연기관에 필요한 연소공기의 공급과 기관구역에서 발생한 열원을 제거하기 위해 설치되며 화재감지기가 포함된 환기시스템의 응 답지연은 구역 내부에 형성된 기류와 화재감지기의 설치 위치에 영향을 받는다. 어선에서 발생하는 화재는 상선과 비교하여 인명피해 가능성이 높으므로 화재 조기 감지가 무엇보다 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 어선에 설치되는 화재 감지기의 초기 화재감지 응답속도 향상과 설치된 감지기의 감도 유지를 위해 기관구역 내부에서 발생한 정량적 연기량에 따른 공기 유동장, 내연기관 연소 공기량 및 기관 구역 내부 압력을 변수로 연기 거동 시뮬레이션이 가능한 해석모델을 구성하여 선박 기관구역 내부의 연기 거동을 시뮬레이션하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 기관실 내부 압력을 감소시키고 연기커튼 설치를 통해 공기 유동장에서의 유속을 감소시키고 와류를 증가시키면 연기 성분의 천장 상승이 가속화되어 연기감지기 응답속도 및 환기시스템이 개선될 수 있을 것으로 해석되었다.

An important variable in the oil-water separation process is the size and dispersion diagram of the bubbles formed in the induced gas flotation(IGF). In this study, the influence of the behavior and characteristics of the fine bubbles generated in the IGF device on the oil-water separation performance was evaluated by a numerical analysis method. For this reason, it constitutes Grid system suitable for bubble characteristic analysis. By applying Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, a continuous abnormal flow analysis model of water and air was established. For the numerical flow analysis model, we applied the Eulerian-Eulerian approach that can be used for the reaction model in which bubbles are formed at one point of the Euler method applied when the base is liquid. As a result, it was confirmed that the bubbles in the IGF device were evenly dispersed as the flow velocity of bubbles increased and the particle size decreased. Such a phenomenon was caused by changes in Reynolds number and drag related to the flow characteristics, and could be explained by Stokes' law of viscosity.

The electrochemical reaction between lead borate glass frit doped with Sn metal filler and Ni-Cr wire of a J-type resistor during a term of Joule heating is investigated. The fusing behavior in which the Ni-Cr wire is melted is not observed for the control group but measured for the Sn-doped specimen under 30 V and 500 mA. The Sn-doped lead borate glass frit shows a fusing property compared with other metal-doped specimens. Meanwhile, the redox reaction significantly contributes to the fusing behavior due to the release of free electrons of the metal toward the glass. The electrons derived from the glass, which used Joule heat to reach the melting point of Ni-Cr wire, increase with increasing corrosion rate at interface of metal/ glass. Finally, the confidence interval is 95 ± 1.959 %, and the adjusted regression coefficient, R in the optimal linear graph, is 0.93, reflecting 93% of the data and providing great potential for fusible resistor applications.

This study aimed to assess the association between the weight status and dietary behavior of preschool children. The survey included 412 preschool children aged 2-5 years in 31 childcare facilities in Gwangju. General characteristics of children and their mothers, weight, height, feeding type, complementary feeding, food allergy, and dietary behavior of children based on the Nutrition Quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P) questionnaire were considered. Children were classified into 4 groups by weight status; underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, based on the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts. The percentage of children in the respective groups was 5.3, 70.9, 10.7, 13.1%. Weight status was not related to breast feeding duration nor the starting time of complementary feeding. The NQ-P scores of underweight, normal, overweight, and obese groups were 55.4, 60.0, 60.8, 60.0. Among the three factors covered by the NQ-P, ‘balance’ and ‘environment’ scores of the underweight group were lower than that of other groups. Underweight children consumed beans, fish, and white milk less frequently. The ‘moderation’ scores of the overweight/obese group were lower than those of the normal or obese groups. Obese children more frequently ate processed meat and fast foods. Proper nutrition education is thus needed for not only obese children but also underweight children based on their age, along with their parents, and caregivers.

The number of vegans has increased rapidly due to religious and ethical beliefs, environmental concerns, health, etc. Also, as interest in healthy and safe food increases, the demand for organic products or nutrition-enhanced products is increasing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the selection attributes and purchasing behavior for protein-fortified and vegan snacks. It is anticipated that the results would find use as basic data for developing protein-fortified snacks for vegans that can meet consumer needs and derive marketing strategies. A survey was conducted on 140 consumers. According to the analysis of their purchase behavior, the number of people who had purchased high-protein snacks and vegan snacks was higher than those who did not have prior experience. The reasons for the purchase of protein fortified snacks included ‘meal replacement’ at ‘offline-convenient store/supermarket’. Vegan snacks were purchased for ‘ethical beliefs, health, environment’ at ‘offline-vegan restaurant, bakery’. Both snacks showed above-normal preferences. However, it is necessary to improve taste and flavor when developing these products as these were the factors that negatively impacted the preferences. The attributes were factorized into the ‘showing off factor’, ‘sensory factor’, ‘credence factor’, and ‘functional factor’ and the ‘sensory factor’ was considered the most important.

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the octopus pot according to mesh sizes. Entering behavior of Octopus minor and bait (Macrophthalmus japonicus) escape rate on the mesh sizes of the pots were investigated for six times in indoor tank. The sea trials for evaluating the performance of Octopus minor pot to different mesh sizes (22, 20 and 18 mm) were conducted for six times from 2017 to 2018 in the coastal sea of Deukyang Bay, the Republic of Korea. Behavior patterns of contact pot to leaved pot were more frequent than contact pot to bait search. When the octopus contacted to the pot, there was no clear search behavior to distinguish the mesh sizes. Total catch of 46% was accounted for 18 mm pots, followed by 34% at 20 mm and 20% at 22 mm (P < 0.05). Catch per unit effort was calculated as 30 g/pot at 22 mm, 44 g/pot at 20 mm and 59 g/pot at 18 mm. As a result of evaluating 50% selection of mantle length and weight on the mesh sizes, mantle length (mm) and weight (g) were 84.6 and 147.8 in 22 mm, followed by 20 and 18 mm.

초고강도 섬유보강 콘크리트 데크플레이트는 높은 콘크리트 압축력과 섬유에 의한 휨인장력의 우력으로 동바리 지지없이 얇은 두께의 데크플레이트로 고정하중과 작업하중을 견딜 수 있는 강성을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 슬래브 두께, 섬유의 종류와 혼입률, 철근 및 GFRP를 변수로 휨실험을 수행하였다. 40mm∼50mm 두께의 120MPa 초고강도 콘크리트에 강섬유를 체적 대비 1.5% 이상을 혼입한 데크플레이트로 슬래브의 자중과 작업하중을 부담할 수 있으며, 철근을 보강하면 내하력이 더욱 증진 되고 연성거동을 하는 데크플레이트 특성을 가지는 것을 검증하였다.

The connection of the steel structure serves to transmit external forces to the main components. The same is true for the behavior of modular systems composed mainly of steel or composite members. In this study, the joint performance of the composite and steel modules proposed was evaluated. The analytical models of the two joint types were constructed and were subjected to cyclic loading to assess the safety and the energy dissipation capacity of the joint types. The analysis results of the joints showed that the joints of the modular systems remain stable when the joint rotation reached the seismic performance limit state of the 0.02 rad required for steel intermediate moment frame. It was also observed that the joint of the composite modular system showed higher energy dissipation capacity compared with the steel modular system.

Using first-principles theory, this work investigated the Cu-doping behavior on the N-vacancy of the C3N monolayer and simulated the adsorption performance of Cu-doped C3N (Cu–C3N) monolayer upon two dissolved gases ( H2 and C2H2). The calculations meant to explore novel candidate for sensing application in the field of electrical engineering evaluating the operation status of the transformers. Our results indicated that the Cu dopant could be stably anchored on the N- vacancy with the Eb of − 3.65 eV and caused a magnetic moment of 1 μB. The Cu–C3N monolayer has stronger performance upon C2H2 adsorption than H2 give the larger Ead, QT and change in electronic behavior. The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory indicates that Cu–C3N monolayer has the potential to be applied as a resistance-type sensor for detection of such two gases, while the work function analysis evidences its potential as a field-effect transistor sensor as well. Our work can bring beneficial information for exploration of novel sensing material to be applied in the field of electrical engineering, and provide guidance to explore novel nano-sensors in many fields.

This study analyzed the effects of fashion consumers’ moral identity and empathy propensity on ethical consumption attitude and donation behavior, and the effect of ethical consumption attitude on donation behavior. The survey was conducted on consumers over the 20s who experienced the donation of fashion products, 384 responses were used for data analysis. The result showed that the internality and symbolism of moral identity had a positive effect on ethical consumption attitudes. The all factors of empathy propensity positively affected eco-friendly oriented consumption, and cognitive empathy and social empathy positively affected boycott oriented consumption. The cognitive empathy, social empathy and relational empathy positively affected community oriented consumption and practice oriented consumption. Furthermore, social empathy and relational empathy positively affected recycling oriented consumption. The eco-friendly, boycott, community, and recycling oriented consumption positively affected temporal donation. The all factors of ethical consumption attitude positively affected emotional donation, and eco-friendly, community, recycling, and practice oriented consumption positively affected material donations. The internality and symbolism of moral identity positively affected temporal and emotional donation, and the symbolism except internality positively affected material donation. The cognitive empathy, social empathy and relational empathy positively affected the temporal donation and material donation. In addition, the all factors of empathy propensity positively affected emotional donation. The results of this study will contribute to the ethical product strategy, marketing, and sustainable development of the fashion industry.

In this study, the electrochemical behavior of Sm on the binary liquid Al-Ga cathode in the LiCl-KCl molten salt system is investigated. First, the co-reduction process of Sm(III)-Al(III), Sm(III)-Ga(III), and Sm(III)-Ga(III)-Al(III) on the W electrode (inert) were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and open circuit potential (OCP) methods, respectively. It was identified that Sm(III) can be co-reduced with Al(III) or Ga(III) to form AlzSmy or GaxSmy intermetallic compounds. Subsequently, the under-potential deposition of Sm(III) at the Al, Ga, and Al-Ga active cathode was performed to confirm the formation of Sm-based intermetallic compounds. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses indicated that Ga3Sm and Ga6Sm intermetallic compounds were formed on the Mo grid electrode (inert) during the potentiostatic electrolysis in LiCl-KCl-SmCl3-AlCl3- GaCl3 melt, while only Ga6Sm intermetallic compound was generated on the Al-Ga alloy electrode during the galvanostatic electrolysis in LiCl-KCl-SmCl3 melt. The electrolysis results revealed that the interaction between Sm and Ga was predominant in the Al-Ga alloy electrode, with Al only acting as an additive to lower the melting point.

Aluminum (Al) is one of the most widely applied metals in various industries. Anthropogenic activities of industrial waste result in increased accumulation of Al in natural water resources and aqueous organisms, leading to increased heavy metal pollution in the environment. This will ultimately associate with health risks to all living beings including humans. The present study addresses the possible toxic effects of Al on the motility and regeneration of planarians, using Dugesia japonica as the experimental animal model. Planarians were exposed to varying concentrations of Al (50–1,200 mg/L) for 1 hr, and subsequently evaluated for their motility, seizure-like behaviors, regeneration and alterations of the cell-organelles in their body. Results of the study exhibit that increasing Al concentrations lead to decreased motility and increased seizure-like behaviors, especially the c-type and head bob behaviors in planarians (p<0.05). The regeneration ability in the tail segments was reduced by increased Al concentrations, and the eyespot and optic nerves were more clearly observed in the control groups than planarians exposed to Al. Organelle analysis revealed morphological abnormalities in the mitochondria, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and cilia in the head region of planarians, as compared to the control groups. Taken together, our results indicate that exposure to Al alters the behavior of planarians and delays the regeneration of amputated body parts. Therefore, we suggest that Al exposure adversely can affect the lives of aquatic organisms, and induce toxicity such as cell abnormalities in animals.

본 연구는 대학생의 전공만족도와 부모의 진로지지가 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 대학생이 적극적인 진로준비행동을 할 수 있도록 교육과정편성과 비교과활동의 활성화를 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 시행하였다. 연구 대상자는 서울과 충청권 거주 대학생으로 2021년 4월 15일부터 5월 14일까지로 총 195부의 자료를 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Multiple regression analysis 로 최종 분석하였다. 연구결과는 경제수준, 전공계열, 전공선택동기, 성적, 전공만족도 및 부모의 진로지지 를 예측변수로 진로준비행동을 설명하는 선형회귀모형은 통계적으로 유의하였고(F=16.944, p<.001), 회귀 모형의 설명력은 진로준비행동 총 변화량의 50.5%를 설명하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 대학생들의 좀 더 능동적인 진로준비행동을 위하여 전공만족도를 높이고 긍정적인 부모의 진로지지를 위해 다양한 교육프로 그램의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 손상된 선박용 절탄기 핀튜브에 대하여 보수를 목적으로 Inconel 625 아크 열용사 코팅기술 적용 후 실링처리를 실시하였다. 모재(Substrate), 열용사 코팅(Thermal Srpay Coating; TSC) 그리고 열용사 코팅+실링처리(TSC+Sealing) 시편에 대하여 내구성을 평가하기 위해 ASTM G76-05에 의거하여 고상입자 침식(Solid Particle Erosion; SPE) 실험을 실시하였다. 표면 손상 형상은 주사전자현미경과 3D 레이져 현미경을 통해 관찰했으며, 무게 감소량과 표면 거칠기 분석을 실시하여 내구성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 내구성은 TSC와 TSC+Sealing에 비해 Substrate가 우수하게 나타났으며, 이는 TSC 층 내에 존재하는 다수의 기공 결함에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 고상 입자 침식 손상 메카니즘은 Substrate의 경우 연성 재질 특성인 소성변형과 피로에 의한 균열 생성이 동반되었으며, TSC와 TSC+Sealing의 경우 취성파괴 경향이 확인되었다.

본 연구는 남성화장품의 인식과 구매행동 및 만족도, 신뢰도에 관한 연구이며 광주 지역 20∼30대 남성을 대상으로 2020년 7월 20일부터 2020년 8월 30일까지 총 40일간 진행하였다. 첫째, 남성화장품 인식을 알아보고 조사대상자들의 일반적 특성에 따른 남성화장품 사용유무를 분석한 결과 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 둘째, 남성화장품 구매행동에 대해 분석한 결과 최종학력, 결혼여부에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 셋째, 남성화장품 신뢰도에 차이가 있는지를 분석한 결과 연령, 직업, 결혼여부, 월평균 소득에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 넷째, 남성화장품 만족도에 차이가 있는지를 분석한 결과 연령, 직업, 결혼여부, 월 평균 소득에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 이상의 연구결과를 미루어 보면 남성화장품을 사용한 남성들은 피부개선에 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 본인의 피부에 적합하다고 생각되어 구매로 이어지는 것을 얼 수 있었다. 추후 연구에 대상의 다각화와 다양하고 높은 요인들을 활용한 구체적이고 체계적인 연구가 필요할 것을 시사하며, 남성화장품의 산업과 기업의 마케팅에 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

In this study, consumers’ perception and consumption behavior of blended tea were investigated. Also, consumer perception of Siberian chrysanthemum, consumption behavior, and awareness of efficacy were investigated. As a result of the survey, it was confirmed that it was necessary to develop a blended tea with taste and flavor characteristics that consumers prefer, having the capability of relieving stress, and preventing cold or respiratory disease. In addition, the degree of recognition of Siberian chrysanthemum was very low, and the recognition of the efficacy appeared in the order of 'cold relief' and ‘respiratory disease relief’. Factor analysis results, safety attributes, health attributes, product attributes, marketing attributes, and sensory attributes were factorized into five factors, and after analysis, it was concluded that the sensory attributes of taste and aftertaste were considered the most important. Consumers surveyed appeared to consume blended tea for ‘relieving mood or stress relief’, to enjoy the taste, and to prevent cold or respiratory diseases. Siberian chrysanthemum displays efficacy in cold relief and relief of respiratory diseases. Therefore, developing Siberian chrysanthemum as a blended tea could be a practical application that can expand the range of its use, making it more popular and increase its commercial applications.

The purpose of this study is to observe the influence education experience (home, school, and mass media) on reducing practice behavior(purchasing, using, disposing and leading) of food-related wastes. The study also sought to promote strategy and suggest effective activation plans for the vitalization of behavior of reducing food-related wastes. The study subjects were 412 adult consumers who answered a structured questionnaire. The main findings are as follows: First, the scores of home education experience were 3.61±0.71, which was the highest, and 3.45±0.74 for school education experience, which was the lowest. Second, according to factor analysis, the reducing practice behavior of food-related wastes was converged purchasing, using, disposing and leading behavior. The scores of disposing behavior were 3.79±0.67, which was the highest, and 2.87±0.82 for leading behavior, which was the lowest. Third, the common variables influencing the reducing practice behavior(purchasing, using, disposing and leading) of food-related wastes were home education and mass media and the powerful variable influencing was home education. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the development of educational programs for effective food-related waste reduction.

사장교는 공공성이 매우 높은 사회기반시설물로 운용 중 안전성 확보가 필수적이며, 붕괴 또는 파손 시 신속한 대처가 필요하다. 사장교의 붕괴 또는 파손을 야기시킬 수 있는 원인은 크게 자연재난과 사회재난으로 분류할 수 있다. 이 중 사회재난에 속하는 충돌사고 는 차량이 교량 하부구조인 교각에 충돌하는 사고, 항공기의 결함으로 인한 추락사고 등이 있을 것이며, 해상교량의 경우 주탑 하단에서의 선박 충돌사고가 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 수치해석적 접근법을 기반으로 항공기 충돌에 대한 사장교의 구조거동을 평가하는 절차를 제안하고, 충돌해석을 수행하여 절차의 타당성을 보였다. 제안된 절차에는 1) 적절한 항공기 충돌 시나리오 설정, 2) 사장교의 복잡한 거동 메커니즘을 고려한 구조 모델링, 3) 충돌해석을 통한 구조거동 평가가 포함된다. 해석 결과, 본 연구에서 설정한 시나 리오는 대상 교량에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났지만, 향후 다양한 시나리오를 통한 충돌해석을 수행한다면 교량에 심각한 손상을 일으키는 하중 위치 및 임계 하중 수준을 결정할 수 있을 것으로 판단한다. 본 연구에서 수행한 충돌해석 절차를 바탕으로 사장교에서 발생하는 항공기 충돌에 대한 간접적인 평가가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.