SUS hexagonal bar, which is manufactured by drawing process of SUS circular bar, have been widely used to make various adapters and fittings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics and stability of variable roll unit including stand module. Stand module is essential part of variable roll unit. Structural analysis was performed to predict the stability of stand module using 3 loads (50, 75, 100 Ton), thus it may be of help to the manufacture of stand module. As the results, internal ring of bearing showed maximum equivalent stress, and moreover bearing, shaft and roller had to be preferentially considered in order to maintain its stability. In cases of 50 and 75 Ton, there were no problems for stabilities, respectively, on the other hand, problem for stability may occur in case of 100 Ton.

In this study, an Al-0.7wt%Fe-0.2wt%Mg-0.2wt%Cu-0.02wt%B alloy was designed to fabricate an aluminum alloy for electrical wire having both high strength and high conductivity. The designed Al alloy was processed by casting, extrusion and drawing processes. Especially, the drawing process was done by severe deformation of a rod with an initial diameter of 12 mm into a wire of 2 mm diameter; process was equivalent to an effective strain of 3.58, and the total reduction in area was 97 %. The drawn Al alloy wire was then annealed at various temperatures of 200 to 400 °C for 30 minutes. The mechanical properties, microstructural changes and electrical properties of the annealed specimens were investigated. As the annealing temperature increased, the tensile strength decreased and the elongation increased. Recovery or/and recrystallization occurred as annealing temperature increased, and complete recrystallization occurred at annealing temperatures over 300 °C. Electric conductivity increased with increasing temperature up to 250 °C, but no significant change was observed above 300 °C. It is concluded that, from the viewpoint of the mechanical and electrical properties, the specimen annealed at 350 oC is the most suitable for the wire drawn Al alloy electrical wire.

Background: Patients with chronic stroke often shows decreased trunk muscle activity and trunk performance. To resolve these problems, many trunk stabilizing techniques including the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and the diaphragmatic breathing maneuver (DBM) are used to improve trunk muscle strength. Objects: To compare the effects of the ADIM and the DBM on abdominal muscle thickness, trunk control, and balance in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Nineteen patients were randomly allocated to the ADIM (n1=10) and DBM (n2=9) groups. The ADIM and DBM techniques were performed three times per week for 4 weeks. The thicknesses of the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique muscle, and external oblique muscles on the paretic and non-paretic sides, Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) score, and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score were used to assess changes in motor development after 4 weeks of training. Results: After the training periods, the TrA thickness on the paretic side, TIS score, and BBS score improved significantly in both groups compared to baseline (p<.05). TIS score was significantly greater in the DBM group than in the ADIM group (p<.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that ADIM and DBM are beneficial for improving TrA muscle thickness in the paretic side, trunk control, and balance ability. Intergroup comparison revealed that TIS score was significantly improved in the DBM group versus the ADIM group. Thus, DBM may be an effective treatment for low trunk muscle activity and performance in patients with chronic stroke.

Background: Scapular winging is a prominence of the entire scapular medial border, mainly caused by insufficient activity of the serratus anterior (SA) and imbalance of scapulothoracic muscles. Push-up plus (PUP) exercise has been commonly used to increase SA muscle activity. The facilitation of abdominal muscle may affect scapular muscle activity by myofascial connections. Thus, the sequential activation of the turnk muscles is suggested to facilitate the transition of proper force from upper limb and restore force couple of scapular muscles. The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) has been effective in improving activation of the deep trunk muscles during movement. Objects: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ADIM on the activity of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and SA during PUP exercises in subjects with scapular winging. Methods: Fourteen men with scapular winging (determined as a of distance between the scapular medial border and thoracic wall over 3 ㎝) volunteered for our study. The subjects performed the PUP exercise with and without ADIM. Surface electromyography was used to collect the electromyography data of the UT, LT, and SA. A scapulometer was used to measure the amount of scapular winging. Results: SA activity was significantly greater and scapular winging significantly lower during the PUP exercise with ADIM than during those without ADIM. Conclusion: PUP exercise with ADIM can be used as an beneficial method to improve SA activation and to reduce the amount of scapular winging in subjects with scapular winging.

The side wall thickness variation of the product to the process of ironing and the die pad was studied using a progressive die of the multi-stage drawing product in the process of ironing and the die pad. Experimental results because ironing is possible to increase the side wall thickness of the product is applied to the intermediate drawing process rather than applied in the initial process. The roundness and concentricity were easy control. A die pad is applied to a stand pad to the sixth step from the first step. The seventh step and the eighth step are applied integrated pad. The integrated pad of the seventh step and the eighth step appeared to be advantageous to control the roundness and concentricity.

이 연구의 목적은 해류 모식도 그리기를 통해 드러난 중등 지구과학 교사들의 동해 해류에 대한 지식의 변화를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 32명의 중등 지구과학 교사들이 총 6시간의 해류도 관련 학습과 실습 과정을 거쳤으며, 사전과 사후 그리고 지연된 사후 동해 해류 모식도 그리기를 수행하였다. 또한, 작성된 해류 모식도를 수치화 과정을 거쳐 변환하여 이 해류 모식도에서 드러난 참여 교사들의 동해 해류에 대한 지식의 변화를 분석하였다. 동해 해류에 대한 참여 교사들의 사전 지식을 분석한 결과, 해류도에 대한 기초적인 지식은 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 몇몇 개념에 대해서는 잘못된 지식을 가진 것으로 분석되었다. 3차에 걸쳐 작성된 참여 교사들의 동해 해류 모식도를 분석한 결과, 연수 후 동해 해류 양상에 대한 지식이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 교사에 따른 차이는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 경향은 연수 직후보다는 지연된 사후 단계에서 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 해류도 실습활동에 대한 사후 설문을 분석한 결과, 참여 교사들은 해류도와 해류 교육의 필요성, 과학적 지식에 근거한 교과서 해류도의 개선을 강하게 인식하고 있었다. 또한, 실습활동에 대해 매우 높은 만족도를 나타내었으며, 내용 지식의 중요성 인식 및 교수 전략과의 연계, 중등 교육과정 개선의 필요, 과학 지식의 본성에 대한 인식 등 다양한 측면에서 실습활동의 의미를 부여하였다. 이러한 결과는 교사의 교과내용학 지식이 효과적인 과학 교수에 중대한 역할을 함을 시사한다.

Using a progressive die of the multi-stage drawing product, It was experiments for the Influence of the Products Roundness on the die pad process Safety die model, obstacle countermeasure research safety die design When the die pad is independent structure, Sidewall thickness of the inside 2stage, 3stage, 4stage of the product is thicker, the thickness of the inside 1stage and the bottom is thinner. it was become unstable beacuse the inside 1stage related to the Products Roundness is thinner. When the die pad is Integrated structure, Sidewall thickness of the inside 1stage, 2stage of the product is thicker, and Sidewall 3stage and 4stage was a thin. it was become unstable beacuse the inside 3stage related to the Products Roundness is thinner. Therefore, The appropriate combination of and integrated independent is required for each process.

철근 공사에는 원청 건설사, 골조 전문건설사, 배근시공도 작성자, 철근 가공장, 감독/감리사, 구조설계자 등 다수의 업무 주체가 참여하고 있으나 이들간의 합리적인 협업이 이루어질 수 있는 업무 프로세스가 구축되어 있지 않아 비효율을 초래할 가능성이 높다. 특히 철근공사는 RC골조 품질에 결정적 영향을 주는 업무이지만 참여 주체간 원활한 협업 부재로 인하여 골조의 품질 저하, 생산성 감소, 공기 지연 등 많은 문제를 야기하고 있다. 그러므로 RC골조공사는 혁신이 매우 시급한 분야라 하겠다. 최근 BIM은 건설산업의 기술 환경 패러다임을 전환시키는 기술로 인식되고 확산되고 있다. 그런데 3차원 모델 상에서 방대한 양의 철근상세정보를 모델링하기 위해서는 많은 시간과 노력이 소요되고, 모델링 후에도 데이터량의 방대함으로 인하여 프로그램 성능이 원활하게 발현되지 않기에 BIM 기술의 확산에도 불구하고 배근 설계와 시공과 관련하여 BIM 기술이 활용되고 있지 않은 상황이다. 본 기술은 3차원 BIM 환경 하에서 골조상세정보 모델링과 배근상세설계, 정밀물량산출 및 공사관리까지를 지원하는 Rebar HUB를 개발하여 RC 골조 설계 및 공사 프로세스를 합리화할 수 있는 실용적 기술 개발을 목표로 하였다.

Jeon Soocheon’s Moving Drawing is a cross continental project carried out for 7days and 8 nights, from 14th to 21st of September 2005 along the Amtrak of United States. In the sense of art history, Moving Drawing falls under the term site-specific installation, emerged in the late 1960’s, as it relies on the railways of limited areas of United States. However, at the same time it holds characteristics of public art as ordinary audience can participate and experience the art work for certain period of time. Since the 1990’s, the concept of art headed towards new trend that cannot be described under frames of traditional modernism. This new work of art attempted art to return to reality and actively fuse with everyday life, and be re-produced by others into copies continuously; currently referred to as neo-conceptualism or global conceptualism. Jeon claims that Moving Drawing falls under a ‘new’ genre of postconceptualism, where existence of both discussion and interactive space is possible together at once. In Moving Drawing, as the audience can live inside the work (train), communication is emphasized by opening the relationship between artwork and audience, and relay of the work is featured on the internet; in this sense, the work falls under neo-conceptualism. The question of this article towards the work begins from this point. How will Moving Drawing be explained by the perspectives of ‘new’ conceptualism? On the reverse, how is Jeon’s Moving Drawing read by the perspectives of ‘new’ conceptualism? This article will reveal that Jeon focused on works introduced in the 1990’S, that encouraged audience participation and strategically used theory of Nicolas Bourriud who invented ‘relational aesthetics’ and ‘relational art’. Furthermore, as a result, the art tendency of the artist will be described as Nomadism. The term Nomadism originated from Nomad, who continuously moved in search of new life, referring to inclination of action where one endlessly searches for new identity free from specific norms or values. In ‘Difference and Repetition’ by French philosopher, Gilles Deleuze in 1968, the world of Nomad was described as ‘world of moving visual’, which continued to be used as philosophical term ‘Nomadism’. The term refers to continuous search of new things beyond traditional value and philosophy, and in an artistic sense, it refers to artists, with avant-garde spirit, exploring the new world by crossing between various academic fields. Despite artists working with various post-conceptual tendencies, research on them is lacking in the current art scene, and hence, this article is important and valuable attempt.

이 연구는 지도경연대회들을 탐구하여 지도그리기의 지도학습과의 관련성을 파악하고, 지리교육에서 지도그리기의 활용방안을 제안한다. 이를 위해 한국과 일본의 어린이 지도경연대회들과 국제지도학회의 바버라 페추닉 지도경연대회의 취지와 운영 방식 뿐만 아니라, 수상작품들을 비교했다. 한국의 지도경연대회는 짧은 역사속에서도 주제가 마을을 그리는 그림지도에서 ‘세계속의 대한민국’을 창의적이고 예술적으로 표현한 지도로 변화했다. 이는 지도의 원리와 기호 사용의 이해를 넘어 지도의 상징성과 예술성을 강조하는 쪽으로 지도학습이 변화된 것이다. 일본의 지도경연대회가 환경지도 그리기 활동을 지리 탐구와 병행하는 점과 바버라 페추닉 지도경연대회가 주제별로 작품을 모집하고 이의 교육적 활용을 중시하는 점은 향후 한국의 지도경연대회의 운영 방향과 지도학습에서 지도그리기의 활용 방안을 수립하는데 시사하는 바가 크다.

Entry-level digital EEG instrument was launched at 2008 after that the digital EEG instrument was first introduced in the early 1990s. Because of cheaper EEG, many studies have been attempted using it. Among them, Special purpose serious games are getting heightened interest. Special purpose serious game is giving fun and meaningful knowledge simultaneously. This paper proposes acquiring EEG from EEG instrument, noise cancellation/separation of waves through FFT/analysis/concentrations calculation, HTML 5 game implementation/Client server design and sending of game result to user's browsers. Through this we suggests that the method in which performs efficient design and implementation of Network-based serious game using EEG. Future work includes that user can perform piano ensemble using network to draw user's fun and concentration. And experimental will be performed in piano school to prove that the students who have used our system before lesson shows great learning ability than the others.

An automation of standardized rebar shop drawing is necessary for easy application by improving workability, prompt preparation to field change request and easy revisions of shop drawing. Through investigating problem of current rebar shop drawing, we found that standardization of reinforcing detail, standardization of rebar expression and automation of rebar shop drawing program for the sake of designer is needed. We will investigate disagreement of reinforcing detail between building code and how worker build structure for standardization of reinforcing detail, demands of companies participated in rebar process for standardization of rebar expression and proper algorithm with selectable level of inputting data for automation of rebar shop drawing program for the sake of designer.

The aim of this study is to compare the effect of abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), and erector spinae (ES) muscle activity during arm lifts in prone and standing positions. Twenty healthy subjects were recruited, and NoraxonTeleMyo 2400T was used to collect electromyographic signals from the LT, SA, and ES muscles. A two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) used a significance level of .05. If a significant interaction was found, pairwise comparisons were performed with a Bonferroni adjustment (.05/4=.013). The results of the study were as follows: 1) In LT, no significant ADIM by position interaction was found (=.356, p=.558). There was a significant main effect for ADIM. LT muscle activity with ADIM was significantly greater compared with muscle activity without ADIM (=82.863, p<.001). There was also a significant main effect for position. LT muscle activity in the prone position was greater compared with muscle activity in the standing position (=116.401, p<.001). 2) In SA, significant ADIM by position interaction was found (=8.687, p=.008). There were significant differences in all pairwise comparisons. The greatest SA muscle activity was observed in the standing position with ADIM. 3) In ES, significant ADIM by position interaction was found (=122.473, p<.001). The lowest ES muscle activity was elicited in the standing position with ADIM. Based on these results, ADIM is advocated in the prone position to increase LT muscle activity. In addition, it is concluded that arm lifts in the standing position with ADIM offer the most favorable combination for reducing ES muscle activity and increasing SA muscle activity.

This present study investigated the effects of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and chin tuck (CT) on middle thoracic erector spinae, lower thoracic erector spinae, and lumbar erector spinae muscle activity during three prone thoracic extension (PTE) exercises. Twelve healthy subjects performed preferred PTE, ADIM PTE, and ADIM-CT PTE. Surface electromyography was used to collect data on the muscle activity of dominant middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscles and the lumbar erector spinae. Middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscle activity significantly increased when ADIM and CT was performed (p<.05). However, lumbar erector spinae muscle activity significantly decreased in ADIM PTE compared to preferred PTE (p=.017) and significantly increased in ADIM-CT PTE compared to ADIM PTE (p=.004). In conclusion, ADIM-CT PTE effectively increased middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscle activity, and ADIM PTE decreased lumbar erector spinae muscle activity. Hence, ADIM PTE could be a recommended exercise maneuver to strengthen thoracic erector spinae without over activation of lumbar erector spinae.

본 논문에서는 게임 영상에 대한 색연필 드로잉 렌더링 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법의 키 아이디어는 양방향 회선 필터(bilateral convolution filter)를 이용하여 다양한 스타일의 연필 스트로크를 만드는 것이다. 이 필터는 기존의 컨볼루션 기반 기법들과 달리 경계 흐림 현상을 획기적으로 보완하였다. 더불어 연필 스트로크의 속성들을 직관적으로 제어할 수 있도록 한다. 또한 그릴 물체의 모양으로부터 스트로크 방향을 결정하는 기법을 제안한다. 특징선(feature line)에 가까운 픽셀들에 대해서는 완만한 탄젠트 흐름(smooth tangent flow)을 사용하고, 영역의 내부에는 부분적으로 유사한 흐름을 사용한다. 배경에는 고정된 방향의 흐름을 사용한다. 이처럼 다른 스타일의 스트로크 방향을 사용함으로써, 결과 연필화의 현실성을 증가시킬 수 있다. 제안하는 방법은 사진에 대해 시각적으로 만족스러운 연필 드로잉 효과를 만들어 낸다.

Generally it is needed to have a multi stage drawing operation to increase a drawing ratio. So, this study is about the hydraulic circuit design of the 3 stage deep drawing machine. As the drawing ratio is large or deep, the quality of deep drawing products are affected more by the force and velocity of the press cylinder. Therefore using the computer simulation, the pressure reponses which are related to the force and velocity of press cylinder are analysed, and the design of the hydraulic circuit are proposed. The results of simulation shows that it correspond to experiments and have good feasibility. Proposed hydraulic circuit can be used to improve the quality of a deep drawing products.

There is a temple drawing called Monk Daegwak's Joongchanggundo at Seon-Am Temple of which the time of creation is unknown. This drawing shows the details of Seon-Am Temple and surrounding areas well, which helps to understand the construction of Seon-Am Temple and other small mountain temples. The records on the top also describe the surrounding landscape in the Fengshui aspect, and describes the number of buildings at Seon-Am Temple. According to the construction style that gives clues about the age of this drawing, the time range can be narrowed down in order to approximate the age of this drawing through the Buddhist trends of Seon-Am Temple. In the results, it was estimated that the drawing dates back to the time when Seon-Am Temple flourished in the mid-18th Century as it's competition with the temple of Songgwang actually began. Buddhism considers the relationship between teacher and student as the most important and the principals were delivered through this relationship. Therefore, the activities to increase the connection between monks and this drawing were created in order to indicate the atmosphere of the Seon-Am Temple of the time.