산불지역 토양의 침식양상을 구분하기위하여 강원도 강릉시 사천면 일대의 산불지역 토양을 조사하였다. 토양은 유기물의 분포양상 및 토양층의 두께, 토양층 발달의 완전성(성숙도)를 근거로 5개 유형으로 구분하였다. 침식 현상은 토양의 유형에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 나뭇잎, 낙엽층, 뿌리, 재 그 밖의 유기물의 피복이 토양의 색과 영상 이미지 반사에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인이었다. 침식양상의 차이를 보이는 5개 유형의 토양의 Landsat ETM 영상은 토양 유형별로 상이한 반사특성을 보였다. 산불지역 토양의 정규식생지수(NDVI)와 무감독 분류는 토양유형에 따른 Landsat ETM 영상 차이를 잘 반영하기 못하였으나, 최대우도법에 의한 감독분류 기법의 적용시 산불지역에서 침식형태에 따른 토양유형 구분이 가능하였다. 본 연구는 산불지역에서 침식현상을 파악하고 예측하는데 Landsat ETM 영상의 활용이 매우 효과적임을 보여주었다.

본 연구는 강원도 강릉지역 산불지역의 피해분석을 위한 피해지 지표분류를 목적으로 Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 영상에서 활용할 수 있는 분류지수의 적용을 검토하였다. 연구지역 산불지역을 대상으로 Landsat TM 영상을 활용하기 위해 개발된 식생지수(NDVI)와 토양을 고려한 식생지수(SAVI), Tasseled Cap 변환으로 억을 수 있는 밝기지수(brightness), 습윤지수(wetness), 녹색지수(greenness)를 야외조사 결과와 비교하였다. 분석 결과 식생지수와 토양을 고려한 식생지수는 산불발생지역과 산불이 발생하지 않은 지역에 대한 구분이 뚜렷하였으나, 산불발생지역내에서 피해지역 구분에는 적절하지 않은 것으로 파악되었다. 산불방생지역내에서는 Tasseled Cap 변화에서 나타나는 토양평면을 활용할 때 침식피해와 관련한 야외조사 결과와 가장 근접한 분류 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. Tasseled Cap 변환에서 건조지수와 녹색지수를 더하여 선형함수로 활용하면 신속하고 효율적으로 산불지역을 분류가 가능 할 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 동해안에 위치하는 강릉 남대천 하구역의 대형저서생물상을 파악하기 위하여 1997년 9월 22일에 총 15개 정점을 대상으로 현장조사를 실시하였다. 채집된 저서동물은 총 50종, 5,664개체, 312g WWt의 생물량을 나타냈다. 중요 우점종은 빈모류에 속하는 Oligochaeta unid., 다모류의 Hediste japonica, Rhynchospio Glutaea, Poecilochaetus trilobatus, Scoloplos arm

본 연구는 강릉 연안지역의 해풍 선정기준과 단 시간 해풍의 기후학적 특성에 관한 것이다. 강릉 연안지역에서의 해풍 선정기준은 다음과 같다. 즉, 육풍에서 해풍으로, 그리고 그 반대로의 분명한 풍향 변화가 있는 가운데 북동 기류와 같이 지형적 원인에 의한 풍향 변화는 해풍 선정에서 제외시켰다. 그리고 해풍이 1시간 또는 2시간만 지속된 경우도 포함시켰다. 이렇게 선정된 해풍 가운데 강릉 연안 지역에서의 가장 큰 특징인 단 시간 해풍에 대한 기후학적 특성을 10년동안(1988년∼1997년)의 자료를 통해 분석하였고 계절별 발생빈도, 발생시간, 풍향, 풍속, 기온으로 구성되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 강릉 연안지역 뿐만 아니라 동해안 지역 해풍의 기후학적 특성활용에 대해 간략히 논하였다.

This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the usage characteristics of children's parks according to location in Gangneung-si. Weekday and weekend, gender, time of stay, and usage behavior according to age group were analyzed and a video analysis of unmanned camera data for park management was conducted. On the average, the use of children’s parks during spring and autumn was more than twice that during summer, and the use rate of children's parks located in old central districts by elderly people was relatively higher than the use rate of those located in housing development district. Overall, the usage ratio (24.6%) by elderly people was high, and their usage ratio (31.3%) in the morning period from dawn was significantly high. Among the usage behaviors, the rate at which dogs walk was analyzed to be somewhat high. As the usage ratio by elderly people is high with diverse usage behavior, it is necessary to provide complex functions to children's parks in the future.

This study analyzes structural landscape changes over a time-series for a small and medium-sized city, Gangneung-Si, based on area and distribution patterns, and according to the type of land cover. Among the types of land cover, the area ratio of urbanized areas increased by 2.02% in the late 2010s as compared to the late 1980s, while there was a decrease of 2.69% in farmland and 0.69% in grassland areas. On analyzing the changes in land cover use by applying the Fragstats program, it was confirmed that landscape changes in urban and management areas were relatively severe according to the Landscape Shape Index, Largest Patch Index, and Aggregation Index. A pattern of concentrated expansion was also found around certain areas. In particular, from the analysis, it was established that the proportion of urbanized area had considerably increased and that the extent of farmland damage to management areas, including planned management areas, was large. Additionally, the Total Core Area generally indicated a reduction in the core areas of farmland and forest within urban and management areas. A medium-sized city showed significant changes besides large cities in terms of landscape structure. The developmental pressure on management areas, in particular, was quite high.

한반도 3개 해역 중 동해 퇴적물의 점토광물에 관한 연구는 고환경 변화 측면에서의 일부 연구 외에는 거의 이루어진 바가 없다. 이번 연구에서는 2017년부터 2019년까지 강릉-동해 해역에서 상자형 시료채 취기를 이용하여 채취한 120개 퇴적물 시료에 대한 점토광물 특성과 분포 상태를 바탕으로 기원지를 추정하였다. 점토광물 함량은 일라이트, 녹니석, 카올리나이트, 스멕타이트 순으로 풍부하다. 수심 150 m 이하의 대륙붕 퇴적물은 대륙사면 퇴적물에 비하여 녹니석과 카올리나이트 함량은 많고 일라이트 결정도는 좋은데 반하여 일라이트와 스멕타이트 함량과 S/I 지수는 작다. 대륙붕 퇴적물의 경우 강릉 쪽은 녹니석 함량이 많고, 동해 쪽은 카올리나이트 함량이 많은데 이것은 육상 지질을 반영한 것으로 여겨진다. 이와 같은 점토광물의 여러 특징은 대륙붕 퇴적물과 대륙사면 퇴적물의 기원지가 다른 것을 시사한다. 대륙붕 퇴적물은 주변 하천을 통하여 유입되었고, 대륙사면 퇴적물은 해류에 의하여 남쪽으로부터 이동된 것으로 판단된다.

To understand the composition, quantity, and quality of Suspended Particulate Organic Matter (SPOM) in the Gangneung Namdae Stream, Korea, we examined spatiotemporal variations in water temperature, salinity, chlorophlly a (Chl a), Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON), and carbon stable isotope (δ13C) of SPOM at six stations in June (pre-monsoon), July (monsoon), and September (post-monsoon) 2017. With increasing precipitation, the average POC and C/N values increased significantly in July than in June. In September, the values decreased with decreasing precipitation. The δ13C values showed irregular spatiotemporal fluctuations among the stations and periods, thereby suggesting a greater contribution of autochthonous organic matter to the pool of SPOM than that of allochthonous organic matter derived from upstream. In addition, the large and irregular changes in POC, C/N ratio, C:Chl a, and δ13C compared to that of PON were observed for all periods among the stations, indicating a serial discontinuity of the stream. Our results suggest that the Gangneung Namdae Stream is significantly influenced by the increase in freshwater discharge caused by heavy rainfalls during the summer monsoon and post-monsoon periods.

This study aimed to investigate the dilapidated Fine View Square located in the city of Gangneung and analyze problems for building it into a sustainable space under an effective management plan. Further to creating an ecological base for restoring the natural circulation, a restorative method for the damaged area, a spatial assignment by the UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB), and an urban ecological park, we not only wanted to provide an environment that is citizen friendly, but also a practical and realizable project to connect with the various methods and programs mentioned above, while utilizing the Ministry of the Environment 's ecosystem conservation fund. In conclusion, we found that it would be possible to contribute to building an urban ecological park the Ministry of Environment proposed while restoring the lost natural circulation in Gyodong Square in the city of Gangneung and ecological soundness of the city along with the reduced heat island effect and the increased biological diversity and Ecological Soundness.

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of Mt. Nochu (1,322m) from April, 2014 to October, 2015. The vascular plants were summarized as 515 taxa, including 89 families, 304 genera, 448 species, 4 subspecies, 57 varieties and 6 forms. Among the investigated 515 taxa, 11 Korean endemic plants and 14 rare and endangered plants were included. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 11 taxa of grade IV, 30 taxa of grade III. Naturalized plants consisted of 24 taxa that made up 4.6% of the total vascular plants in this area. Medicinal plants of the Korean Pharmacopoeia and Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia distributed in this area consisted of 67 taxa.

This study aims to establish baseline data for sustainable monitoring by applying the green city index (GCI), which is set up to evaluate the city level, to the city of Gangneung-si, which was designated as a pilot city for the Low-carbon Green Growth City project by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transportation. The GCI was applied in the framework of European systems, while considering the social and economic status of Korea. Indicators from 7 areas—CO2, energy, building, transportation, water, waste, and quality of atmosphere were analyzed, except for qualitative indicators. Results indicate that total CO2 emissions were 30.8 tons per capita, or 2.2 tons per one million units of real GDP. The total final energy consumption was 0.231 TOE/capita, or 0.317 TOE per one million units of real GDP. The percentage of total energy derived from renewable resources was 0.41% and energy consumption by the building was 433.5 Mwh/1,000 ㎡. The total percentage of the working population travelling to work daily by public transportation (limited to bus) was 19%. Further, the total annual water consumption was 99 ㎥/capita, and the water lost in the water distribution system was 0.057 ㎥/capita/day. The total annual waste collected was 0.0077 ton per capita, The annual mean emission were 0.014 ppm/day for NO2, 0.005 ppm/day for SO2, and 0.019 ppm/day for O3. The annual mean for PM10 emissions was 39 ㎍/㎥/day.

본 연구는 능경봉(평창군, 강릉시)지역에 대하여 2008년 8월 과 2013년 4월부터 동년 10월까지 총 7회에 걸쳐 관속식물 분포 를 조사하였다. 전체 조사된 분류군은 75과 261속 383종 4아종 48변종 5품종으로 총 440분류군이 자생하는 것으로 확인되었 다. 주요 식물로 한국특산식물이 15분류군, 산림청지정 희귀식 물 중 약관심종이 11분류군, 환경부 지정 식물구계학적 특정식 물 중 4등급이 11분류군, 3등급이 22분류군으로 확인되었다. 귀 화식물은 총 29분류군으로서 귀화율은 6.6%, 도시화지수 9.0% 로 나타났다. 그밖에 대한약전 및 대한약전외한약(생약)규격집 에 수재된 약용식물은 60분류군으로 조사되었다.

본 연구에서는 우리나라 주요 해변관광지인 강릉지역 고속도로 톨게이트를 대상으로 기상상황의 변화가 고속도로 일별 유입교통량에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 기상청이 운용하는 ASOS 및 AWS 관측자료를 이용하여 일별 기상상황을 파악하고 호우 및 폭설 등 일별 기상상황의 변화가 강릉지역 톨게이트 유입교통량에 미치는 영향을 회귀분석을 통해 파악한다.

본 논문은 강릉 지역에서 동일 기간에 기록된 공간 감마선량률과 강수량, 일조시간, 평균풍속 사이의 교차 상관 지수 pDCCA를 DCCA cross-correlation coefficient(DCCA p)방법으로 구하여 교차 상관성을 분석하였다. 우리는 이 연구를통해 다음의 사실을 알았다. 첫 번째, 공간 감마선량률과 강수량 사이 pDCCA는 일(4~7일), 달(30일), 계절(90일), 년(360일)에서 0.57~0.48, 0.39, 0.34, 0.26, 공간 감마선량률과 일조시간 사이 pDCCA는 일, 달, 계절, 년에서 –0.20~-0.23,-0.22, -0.17, -0.13, 공간 감마선량률과 평균풍속 사이의 pDCCA는 일, 달, 계절, 년에서 –0.10~-0.12, -0.11, -0.05, -0.05이다. 두 번째, pDCCA를 통하여 공간 감마선량률과 강수량은 교차 상관성이 있으며 공간 감마선량률과 일조시간, 평균풍속 사이에는 교차 상관성이 없다는 것을 확인하였다.

The species composition and variation of marine plants at Saguenjin in the east coast of Korea were investigated monthly from October 2008 to December 2009. As a result, 92 species of marine plants identified, 91 species were seaweeds (7 green algae, 22 brown algae, 62 red algae) and 1 were sea grass. Dominant species in importance value were melobesioidean algae, Ulva pertusa and Phyllospadix iwatensis. The vertical distribution of algae were characterized by melobesioidean algae, U. pertusa at 3 m depth, melobesioidean algae, P. iwatensis and U. pertusa at 5 m depth and melobesioidean algae, Chondrus ocellatus and Prionitis cornea at 10 m depth.

본 논문은 1998년부터 2011년까지 강릉 지역의 지방 방사능 측정소에서 측정된 공간 감마선량률의 통계 적인 성질을 조사하였다. Autocorrelation Function Analysis(ACF), Rescaled Range Analysis(R/S Analysis), DetrendedFluctuation Analysis(DFA)의 방법들이 사용되었으며, 이 중 DFA는 non-stationary한 시계열의 장거리 상관성을 보여주는 좋은 방법으로 알려져 있다. 우리는 이 연구를 통해 다음의 사실을 알았다. 첫 번째, 공간 감마선량률은 두 가지다른 경향을 갖는 크로스 오버가 나타난다. 이것은 연중 공간 감마선량률은 강한 장기 기억 특성이 나타나는데 비해연간으로 넘어가면 상관성이 사라지는 것을 의미한다. 두 번째, 각 분석 방법들의 지수들이 있는데 이 지수들 사이의관계식이 맞음을 확인 하였다.

Hourly concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, were investigated at Gangneung city in the Korean east coast on 0000LST October 26~1800LST October 29, 2003. Before the intrusion of Yellow dust from Gobi Desert, PM10(PM2.5, PM1) concentration was generally low, more or less than 20 (10, 5) μg/m3, and higher PM concentration was found at 0900LST at the beginning time of office hour and their maximum ones at 1700LST around its ending time. As correlation coefficient of PM10 and PM2.5(PM2.5 and PM1, and PM10 and PM1) was very high with 0.90(0.99, 0.84), and fractional ratios of (PM10-PM2.5)/PM2.5((PM2.5-PM1)/PM1) were 1.37~3.39(0.23~0.54), respectively. It implied that local PM10 concentration could be greatly affected by particulate matters of sizes larger than 2.5 μm, and PM2.5 concentration could be by particulate matters of sizes smaller than 2.5 μm. During the dust intrusion, maximum concentration of PM10(PM2.5, PM1) reached 154.57(93.19, 76.05) μg/m3 with 3.8(3.4, 14.1) times higher concentration than before the dust intrusion. As correlation coefficient of PM10 and PM2.5(vice verse, PM2.5, PM1) was almost perfect high with 0.98(1.00, 0.97) and fractional ratios of (PM10-PM2.5)/PM2.5((PM2.5-PM1)/PM1) were 0.48~1.25(0.16~0.37), local PM10 concentration could be major affected by particulates smaller than both 2.5 μm and 1 μm (fine particulate), opposite to ones before the dust intrusion. After the ending of dust intrusion, as its coefficient of 0.23(0.81, - 0.36) was very low, except the case of PM2.5 and PM1 and (PM10-PM2.5)/PM2.5((PM2.5-PM1)/PM1) were 1.13~1.91(0.29~1.90), concentrations of coarse particulates larger than 2.5 μm greatly contributed to PM10 concentration, again. For a whole period, as the correlation coefficients of PM10, PM2.5, PM1 were very high with 0.94, 1.00 and 0.92, reliable regression equations among PM concentrations were suggested.

In order to investigate the variations and corelation among PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations, the hourly concentrations of each particle sizes of 300 ηm to 20 μm at a city, Gangneung in the eastern mountainous coast of Korean peninsula have been measured by GRIMM aerosol sampler-1107 from March 7 to 17, 2004. Before the influence of the Yellow Dust event from China toward the city, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations near the ground of the city were very low less than 35.97 μg/m3, 22.33 μg/m3 and 16.77 μg/m3, with little variations. Under the partial influence of the dust transport from the China on March 9, they increased to 87.08 μg/m3, 56.55 μg/m3 and 51.62 μg/m3. PM10 concentration was 1.5 times higher than PM2.5 and 1.85 times higher than PM1. Ratio of (PM10-PM2.5)/PM2.5 had a maximum value of 1.49 with an averaged 0.5 and one of (PM2.5-PM1)/PM1 had a maximum value of 0.4 with an averaged 0.25. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were largely influenced by particles smaller than 2.5 μm and 1 μm particle sizes, respectively. During the dust event from the afternoon of March 10 until 1200 LST, March 14, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations reached 343.53 μg/m3, 105 μg/m3 and 60 μg/m3, indicating the PM10 concentration being 3.3 times higher than PM2.5 and 5.97 times higher than PM1. Ratio of (PM10-PM2.5)/PM2.5 had a maximum value of 7.82 with an averaged 3.5 and one of (PM2.5-PM1)/PM1 had a maximum value of 2.8 with an averaged 1.5, showing PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations largely influenced by particles greater than 2.5 μm and 1 μm particle sizes, respectively. After the dust event, the most of PM concentrations became below 100 μg/m3, except of 0900LST, March 15, showing the gradual decrease of their concentrations. Ratio of (PM10-PM2.5)/PM2.5 had a maximum value of 3.75 with an averaged 1.6 and one of (PM2.5-PM1)/PM1 had a maximum value of 1.5 with an averaged 0.8, showing the PM10 concentration largely influenced by corse particles than 2.5 μm and the PM2.5 by fine particles smaller than 1 μm, respectively. Before the dust event, correlation coefficients between PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were 0.89, 0.99 and 0.82, respectively, and during the dust event, the coefficients were 0.71, 0.94 and 0.44. After the dust event, the coefficients were 0.90, 0.99 and 0.85. For whole period, the coefficients were 0.54, 0.95 and 0.28, respectively.

This research aimed to grasp the recognition of the amenity of the university students residing in Gyo-dong residential area in Gangneung city, the local residents residing in Daehag-ro which is near Jungang-ro in downtown and the public servants related to city development in Gangneung city office and thereby propose a plan to improve the amenity of Gangneung city. Based on the result of the research, the university student group around Gyo-dong residential area mostly recognized the amenity and the local residents around Daehag-ro showed insufficient recognition of the amenity and some of related public servants were found to be ignorant of the term amenity. Also, the priorities of amenity indexes identified from these 3 groups commonly showed aliveness requiring green lands and watercourses on top but 2nd priority of each group tended to be different from each other. Through the research result as above, we would like to propose the plan to improve as follows. First, the recognition of the concept of amenity is necessary. Second, green lands and watercourses that were selected by all of the 3 groups as ranking no. 1 should be secured. Third, the value of amenity resources should be evaluated. Gangneung city is a city where mountains and the sea are harmonized together granting abundant god blessed natural resources. But if Gangneung city would imprudently reclaims the excellent god blessed natural environment under the good title of city and housing lands development, its ranking in city competitiveness evaluations will be expected to continue descending. Therefore, as proposed in this research, the thing that has to be implemented with first priority for amenity Gangneung city is the execution of amenity policy to secure the identity of Gangneung city and the aspect of regulations or systems should also be pursued together with the policy.

본 연구에서는 2002년 강릉지역에 큰 피해를 일으킨 태풍 루사(Rusa) 호우 사례에 대하여 PMP(Probable Maximum Precipitation)의 산정 및 전이에서 발생할 수 있는 문제에 대해 분석하였다. PMP산정을 위해서는 2가지 이슬점온도 산정이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 그 중 대표 12시간 지속 이슬점온도를 지상일기도, 지표 풍향, 850 hPa 수분속, 유선장 뿐만 아니라 강릉 지역의 지형적 특성까지 고려하여 수분 유입 지