In this study, the experiments and analyses were carried out in order to investigate the fracture characteristics on the adhesive at the specimen bonded with aluminum and aluminum-foam. The same conditions were given for the experiments and analyses. The results are investigated by the graph of reaction force according to displacement. It was found that the experimental and the analytical data were very similar to each other. On the basis of the data, the reliability of the analysis data could be confirmed. The notches were produced at the distances of 40, 110, 150, and 190 mm from the front of the test specimen, and the maximum reaction force was compared accordingly. It was found that the highest reaction force was generated at the front end of the adhesive and the lowest reaction force was found at the middle of the adhesive interface. Finally, when the equivalent stress in the test specimen was examined, it was found that the highest stress was obtained at the distance of 110 mm. It can be deduced. As the notch formation point are similar to the point when stress is dispersed as the adhesive is peeled off, it is possible to infer the high stress compared to other test specimens.

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of adhesive types on dimensional stability of bamboo-oriented particleboard. The materials used in this research are bamboo tali(Gigantochloa apus J.A & J.H. Schult. Kurz), UF/MDI(8, 10, 12 % level), and MF, MDI, and PF at 7 % level. Particle and adhesive are mixed using a blending machine; then, mat forming and hot pressing processes are performed using adhesive-suitable temperature and time references. MDI resin is set at 160 ºC temperature for 5 minutes. PF resin and MF resin are pressed at 170 ºC for 10 minutes, and 140 ºC for 10 minutes, respectively, while UF/MDI sets at temperature of 140 ºC for 10 minutes. The results show that particleboard using PF resin produces the lowest thickness swelling value. The particleboard using UF/MDI resin also produces good response for thickness swelling value. Interesting things happen in that UF/MDI adhesive produces a thickness swelling value better than that of MDI resin. FTIR analysis on particleboard bonded by UF/MDI resin combination shows the presence of carbonyl group C=O vibration on multi substitution of urea at wave number of around 1,700 cm-1.

In this paper, the experimental study and finite elements analysis were conducted on homogeneous and dissimilar metals single lap-shear bonded joints to investigate the factor that affect the joint failure load. It was found that factors which have the significant effects on the failure load of the joint was stiffness of the adherends. And from experimental results, it can be confirmed that the failure load increases linearly with overlap length increases. And the failure load of dissimilar metal joints is approximately 1KN(10 ～17%) larger than homogeneous metal joints. In order to confirm this phenomenon, the stress distribution and strain distribution of the specimens were analyzed through the finite element analysis. The difference between homogeneous metals joints and dissimilar metals joints is that stress and strain in adhesive are concentrated at the end of the overlap zone close to aluminium which has lower rigidity than aluminium in case of dissimilar metals joints. From high rigidity of steel, the stress concentration in bonds are decreased and it cause increase of the failure strength at dissimilar metal joints.

방충포장 상용화 연구를 위하여 선정된 천연기피물질을 이용한 방충포장 소재를 개발하고 이들의 저장해충에 대한 방충효과를 시험하였다. ㈜농심의 라면포장 박스의 접착제로 사용되는 핫멜트에 0, 2%의 기피물질을 처리하고 화랑곡나방에 대한 방충효과를 시험한 결과, 2% 기피물질이 처리된 방충 핫멜트 처리구와 무처리구 간 화랑곡나방 개체수는 박스외부에서는 차이가 없었으나(df=30, t=0.56, P>0.05), 박스의 골판지 틈새(df=30, t=6.78, P<0.05)와 박스내 부(df=30, t=2.45, P<0.05)에서는 처리구에서 유의하게 적게 나타났으며, 무처리구와 처리구 박스내부 전체(박스내부+ 골판지 틈새)와 박스 전체에서 발견된 화랑곡나방 개체수도 처리구에서 유의하게 적은 것으로 조사되었다 (내부전체: df=30, t=13.58, P<0.05, 박스전체: df=30, t=13.60, P<0.05). 화랑곡나방 유충이 발견된 위치는 무처리구와 처리구 모두에서 박스외부가 가장 적었으며, 박스내부와 골판지 틈새의 순으로 조사되었으며 전체적으로 처리구에서 유의하 게 적게 발견되었다.

본 연구에서는 수용성 접착제 가장 큰 단점인 내수성을 향상시킬 수 있는 수용성 첨가제를 개발하였다. 수 용성 첨가제는 diisocyanate 그룹을 가지는 분자들을 아황산수소나트륨과 반응시켜 얻을 수 있었다. FT-IR 측정 결 과 isocyanate 그룹이 완전히 사라진 것을 볼 수 있었고, DSC의 측정결과는 150℃ 이상의 온도에서 아황산수소나트 륨이 제거되어 isocyanate를 재형성하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 개발된 수용성 첨가제를 본사 제품인 DM-95 접착제 에 0.5 wt% 첨가하였을 때 높은 접착성능 및 향상된 내수성을 확보할 수 있었다. 그뿐만 아니라 기존의 복잡한 접착 공정을 요구하는 2 액형 시스템에서 탈피하여 생산 공정이 간단한 1 액형 시스템을 구축할 수 있으므로 산업 전반에 서 유용하게 사용될 것으로 사료된다.

Recent decades, maintenance and reconstruction have been paid attention to old buildings. Especially, it has been recognized that seismic retrofit measures are necessary for non-reinforced masonry buildings which are used for prevailing building constructions. However, such applications can be limited due to its excessive costs, long-period, and inherent difficulty in securing construction spaces. For this reason, different reinforcement methods have been proposed by previous researchers in the economic manner. This study carried out an adhesive retrofit material upgrading low workability and excessive costs of existing reinforcement methods and, in turn, verified the level of seismic reinforcement throughout experimental studies. In order for the objectives, masonry walls with an aspect ratio of 1.0 were designed and manufactured. Also, effective parameters which are affected by openings, adhesive material types, the number of reinforcement layers, and lateral load levels were established. Experimental results showed that MW specimens without openings were collapsed for low-seismic resistances resulting from rocking failure modes, while strength and displacement capacities were improved for reinforced openings. Also, R-MWO-3F specimens with opening which was enhanced for three layers of stiffener showed displacement, ductility capacities, and energy dissipating capacities in the stable manner, even satisfying the collapse prevention level proposed in the current seismic codes.

The influence of NiCrAlY bond coating on the adhesion properties of an Fe thermal coating sprayed on an Al substrate was investigated. By applying a bond coat, an adhesion strength of 21MPa was obtained, which was higher than the 15.5MPa strength of the coating without the bond coat. Formation of cracks at the interface of the bond coat and the Al substrate was suppressed by applying the bond coat. Microstructural analysis of the coating interface using EBSD and TEM indicated that the dominant bonding mechanism was mechanical interlocking. Mechanical interlocking without crack defects in the coating interface may improve the adhesion strength of the coating. In conclusion, the use of an NiCrAlY bond coat is an effective method of improving the adhesion properties of thermal sprayed Fe coatings on Al substrates.

Nowadays, the study of CFRP reinforced with carbon fiber is focused on improving the the mechanical property. The study on the fracture data of CFRP are not properly made out than that of the general mechanical joint. In this study, the fracture property of mode 1 at the same condition of tensile experiment is investigated by applying the layer angle to laminated CFRP with the thickness of 15 mm. When the reaction forces until dropping out the bonded surface are compared with the cases of the layer angles of 0°, 45° and 60°, the reaction force is shown to be most and the elapsed time until dropping out the bonded surface is longest at that of 45°. The deformation energy is also shown to have the highest value by dropping out the adhesive interface. As the basis of the analysis result of this study, the most safety with fracture resistance is shown in the case of 45°. the bonded structure applying the appropriate layer angle is thought to have the structural safety.

태양광 발전시스템은 태양복사에너지를 반도체의 광전효과를 이용하여 전기에너지로 직접 전환시키는 에너지변환 시스템이다. 태양전지의 내구성과 에너지변환율에 영향을 미치는 핵심소재로는 다층형 필름구조를 갖는 백시트를 들 수 있다. 대표적인 상용 백시트는 고내구성 poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF) 필름이 중심축에 위치하고 가격저감을 위해 도입된 poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) 필름이 그 양쪽에 접합된 삼층구조로 구성된다. 하지만, PVF 필름의 높은 가격은 저렴한 고내구성 백시트 를 요구하는 시장상황을 반영하기 어렵게 한다. 이를 위한 해결책으로는 PVF 필름을 결정성 PET 필름으로 대체한 탄화수소계 백시트가 될 수 있다. 하지만, PET 필름의 본질적인 가수분해에 대한 취약성으로 인해, 추가적인 수분에 대한 배리어성 부여 는 필수적이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 소수성 실리카 나노입자 분산기술을 활용한 수분차단성 폴리우레탄 접착제를 개발 코자 하였다. 개발된 접착제는 내부에 위치한 PET 필름으로의 수분침투를 약화시켜, 가수분해속도를 지연시킬 것이라 기대 되었다. 본 개념의 효용성을 확인하기 위해, 표준화된 온습도조건에 노출된 이후의 일반접착제와 수분차단성 접착제가 도입 된 백시트의 기계적 강도 및 시간당 태양전지성능 변화가 비교평가되었다.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the early adhesive characteristic of asphalt emulsions, including polymer-modified emulsions, for chip seals using the surface energy concept, the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test, and the Vialit test. METHODS : Two general methods, the BBS test and Vialit test, were applied to investigate the bond strength and the aggregate loss, respectively. A new theory, the surface free energy (SFE) theory, was used to evaluate the adhesive characteristic between the emulsion and the aggregate. Based on the theory, the contact angles were measured, and then the surface energy components were calculated. Using those components, the work of adhesion (Wa) was calculated for each emulsion. To ensure reliable results, all the tests were performed under the same conditions, i.e., at 25 ℃ for 240 minutes of curing time. For the materials, three emulsions (CRS-2, CRS-2L, and CRS-2P) and one aggregate type (granite) were employed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Under the same conditions, the modified emulsions showed better adhesive characteristics and curing behaviors than the unmodified emulsions. In addition, there was no significant difference between the various modified emulsions. One of the important findings is that the analysis by Wa presents more sensitive results than other methods. The results of the Wa showed that the CRS-2P emulsion has the best adhesive characteristics. Consequently, the use of modified emulsions for chip seals could prevent aggregate loss and allow open traffic earlier.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of joint position on the distraction distance in patients with adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. The study was conducted upon 20 adults in their 40's with the findings of adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. These subjects were subdivided into 3 groups, which were a group with neutral position(n=7), second group with resting position(n=7) and third group with end-range position( n=6). After having the subject wearing sleeveless shirts exposing armpit and lying straight on the plinth, a physical therapist with OMT qualification pulled glenohumeral joint at the Grade Ⅲ of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction; and the distance between glenoid fossa and humeral head was measured with ultrasound. Following the application of traction, the group with resting position(.67±0.29) exhibited the longest distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa, and it was followed by neutral position(.50±0.25) and end-range position(.35±.21) in this order. From the comparison of these groups, there was no significant difference in distraction distance between resting position and neutral position; and there was again no significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and neutral position. However, there was a significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and resting position(p<.05). Upon application of the Grade Ⅲ of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction, it was evident that the distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa can be varied depending on the location of the joint.

The porous metallic material has the most superior physical property and the best mechanical capability. This study is investigated with the simulation analysis by compressing three kinds of specimens. Three aluminum foams with the thickness of 10 mm are bonded at Case 1. Two aluminum foams with the thicknesses of 10 mm and 20 mm are bonded at Case 2. It is one aluminum foam with the thickness of 30 mm at Case 3. The two dimensional model is done by ANSYS design modeler and the finite element analysis is performed by ANSYS structural analysis. As the forced displacement of 1 mm during the elapsed time of 60 sec is applied, the forced displacement of 10 mm during the total elapsed time of 600 sec is applied. As the analysis result, the most reaction force is shown at case 2 among three cases. Case 2 is estimated as the best structure. The analysis result of this study is thought to be the data necessary for the safe design about mechanical structure and the development of composite material.

For the last decade many bridges and buildings have experienced flexural strengthening with the fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) bonding system, demands for increasing heavy traffic loads and the changing of the code application. Of the many strengthening systems, NSM(near surface mounted) system with FRP has become attractive and popular way of strengthening for the existed RC structures and many studies and applications of this technique have significantly increased all over the world. Meanwhile, polymer mortar that contains much of the same ingredients as cement but includes the addition of certain polymer resins for enhancing desired physical properties, has been used as an alternative adhesive. This paper focuses on flexural behaviour of CFRP-bar NSM system with variables such as kinds of adhesive, anchorage, sectional aspect ratio. Based on the test results and test-to -predicted ratio, this paper provides researchers and practical engineers a fundamental knowledge and intuition.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the curing and adhesive behavior of asphalt emulsions including polymer-modified emulsions for chip seals and fog seals. METHODS : For the laboratory testing, the evaporation test, the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test, and the Vialit test are used. Also, the rolling ball test and the damping test are employed to evaluate the curing properties of the fog seal emulsions. In order to conduct all the tests in controled condition, all test procedures are performed in the environmental chamber. The CRS-2L and the SBS CRS-2P emulsions are used as a polymer-modified emulsion, and then unmodified emulsion, the CRS-2, is compared for the evaluation of chip seal performance. For the fog seal performance evaluation, two types of polymer-modified emulsions (FPME-1 and FPME-2) and one of unmodified emulsion, the CSS-1H, are employed. All the tests are performed at different curing times and temperatures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Overall, PMEs show better curing and adhesive behavior than non-PMEs regardless of treatments types. Especially, the curing and adhesive behavior of PMEs is much better than non-PMEs before 120 minutes of curing time. Since all the test results indicate that after 120 minutes of curing time the curing adhesive behavior of emulsions, the early curing time, i.e., 120 minutes, plays an important role in the performance of chip seals and fog seals.

In this study, the specimen of tapered double cantilever beam(TDCB) with aluminum foam is designed and shearing fatigue strength is based on the investigation of static behaviour analysis under the condition of mode Ⅱ. These specimen models have length and width of 200 mm and 25 mm. The inclined angles of adhesive face at the specimens are 6°, 8 °and 10°. As the inclined angle becomes higher, the time for which the model can not be broken during fatigue load becomes longer. The shearing strength of TDCB bonded structure with aluminum foam applied by shearing fatigue load can be evaluated through finite element method.