목적 : 연하곤란이 있는 환자에게 목에 붙이는 전극을 통하여 전기자극을 주는 신경근 전기자극 치료의 안전성과 치료효과를 알아보기 위함이다. 연구방법 : 연하곤란 증상이 있는 10명을 대상으로 2주일 동안 1주일에 5번, 하루에 한 시간씩 신경근 전기자극 치료를 하였다. 전기자극 치료 시작 전․후에 비디오 투시조영연하검사로 환자가 흡입 없이 삼킬 수 있는 음식물의 형태를 근거로 삼킴 기능 점수를 최소 0점에서 최고 6점까지 주었으며 삼킴 기능에 관련된 임상증상을 치료 전과 치료 후로 평가하여서 Wilcoxon 부호 순위검증으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 삼킴 기능 점수는 1.6점에서 4.4점으로 유의하게 증가되었으며(p＜0.05), 환자의 90%에서 삼킴 기능이 증가하였다. 또한 삼킴 기능에 관련된 구토반사, 기침반사, 혀의 운동성, 후두 편위가 신경근 전기자극 치료 전에 비하여 치료 후에 유의하게 회복하였다. 결론 : 신경근 전기자극 치료는 목의 삼킴 기능에 관련하는 근육을 활성화시키는 것뿐만 아니라 삼킴 기능에 영양을 미치는 임상적 증상의 회복에도 도움이 되므로 연하곤란을 치료하기 위한 신경근 전기자극 치료는 안전하고 효과적인 것으로 입증되었다.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on a visual analysis scale and functional visual analysis scale regarding functional capacity. A total of 7 consecutive patients with the complaint of patellofemoral pain syndrome who received this diagnosis from a sports medicine physician were recruited to assess the effect of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Functional Visual Analog Scale (FVAS), functional capacity patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. The exercise rehabilitation consisted of a complex training program requiring five treatments a week for eight weeks. The training program consisted of four phases, and each lasted for two weeks. Statistical analyses were one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in the VAS and FVAS during 8-weeks of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (p<.01). (2) There were no significant differences in the functional capacity during 8-weeks of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (p<.05). In conclusion, at the end of the eight weeks of this rehabilitation program and neuromuscular electrical stimulation, a significant reduction was found in VAS and FVAS, but there was no significant difference in functional capacity at the end of the treatment.

Thirty normal adults were tested to measure the electrical activity of the anterior (AD), middle (MD), and posterior portion (PD) of the deltoid muscle and sternal portion of the pectoralis major muscle (PM) during the performance of four upper extremity PNF diagonal patterns with elbow flexion angle in , , and . The PNF patterns in which these muscles function optimally have been theoretically advanced by Kabat and further described by Knott and Voss. They theorize that the MD should be most active with shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation (D2F); the PD with shoulder extension, abduction, and internal rotation (D1E); the AD with shoulder flexion, adduction, and external rotation (D1F); and the PM with shoulder extension, adduction and internal rotation (D2E). The patterns were performed through range of motion, with an isometric contraction performed in the shortened range. When the EMG activity of AD, MD, PD and PM in its optimal patterns was measured, it does not have significant difference among fixed elbow flexion angle , , and (p>.05). In addition, suggestions were made for study of patients who exhibit imbalance of muscle strength and have muscle weakness.

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of both transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) on DOMS, Twenty-seven untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (7 Hz), 2) MENS (60 , .3 pps) or 3) a control group that received no treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24 hours and 48 hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of elbow flexion, extension, resting angle (universal goniometer), and pain (visual analogue scale: VAS) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment. Analysis of results were as follows; 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by one-way repeated ANOVA, 2) The t-test for pain, resting, flexion and extension angle revealed significant differences within TENS group, 3) The t-test for resting angle revealed significant differences within MENS group.

The purpose of this study was to compare the integrated electromyographic activity ratios of vastus lateralis(VL); rectus femoris lateral portion (RFL); rectus femoris medial portion(RFM); and vastus medialis(VM) muscles of 30 healthy subjects under three proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) techniques. Each subject was randomly assigned to one of 3 PNF techniques groups : slow reversal(SR), slow reversal hold(SRH) and rhythmic stabilization (RS). Each person was positioned in supine with the right hip flexed to and the knee fully extended and received a total of 6 sessions. Each technique was applied to the right lower extremity in two diagonal patterns while electrical activity was monitored from the ipsilateral muscles VL, RFL, RFM, and VM, respectively. Comparison of normalized mean EMG magnitudes from VL, VM showed that RS demonstrated significantly greater activity than that of SR or SRH and that RFL and RFM did not demonstrate any greater relative EMG activity with the three PNF techniques than did VL or VM.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high intensity, high frequency microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation(MENS) of auricular and somatic acupuncture points and low intensity, low frequency microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation(MENS) of auricular and somatic acupuncture points on experimental pressure threshold at the elbow according to the time. Fifty healthy adults, aged 19 to 26 years, were assigned randomly to one of five groups: 1) the high intensity, high frequency somatic group(n=10) received MENS to somatic acupuncture points, 2) the high intensity, high frequency auricular group(n=10) received MENS to auricular acupuncture points, 3) the low intensity, low frequency somatic group(n=10) received MENS to somatic acupuncture points, 4) the low intensity, low frequency somatic group(n=10) receive MENS to somatic acupuncture points, and 5) the placebo group(n=10) received placebo treatment and served as controls. Pressure threshold was measured before, after, 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes. Pressure threshold has increased significantly(p<.05) in the high intensity, high frequency auricular group following treatment after 5 minutes, with no statistically significant differences in pressure threshold change scores among five groups, Only the high intensity, high frequency auricular group demonstrated statistically significant change score in pressure threshold following treatment after, 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes after compared to the placebo group. The results indicated that MENS applied to the high intensity, high frequency auricular group increases pressure threshold.

High Voltage Pulsed Current Stimulation(HVPCS) and Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation(MENS) have been used to promote the healing of decubitus ulcer and surgical wounds. The benefits of HVPCS and MENS are thought to include an inhibitive effect on bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to compare the inhibitive effect of two different electrical stimulation techniques growth in vitro. Using agarose-based media, the two bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli - which are commonly isolated from open wounds were incubated in an incubator for 24 hours following exposure to HVPCS(400 V, 120 pps, ) and MENS(, 0.3 Hz). We then measured the zone of inhibition around each electrode. Both HVPCS and MENS produced an inhibitive effect on bacterial growth in this vitro study. However MENS was more effective than HVPCS.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of one proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique and static stretching on calf muscle tightness. The subjects consist of 9 hemiplegics, and 9 quadriplegics. The eighteen subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups: prorioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(6 persons), static stretching(6 persons) and control(6 persons). Contract relax antagonist contract and static stretching techniques were applied continuously for twenty minutes each. Of the many proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques, only the contract relax antagonist contract technique was applied. The static stretching technique was applied with the subject placed in standing on a seventy degree inclined tilt table for twenty minutes. A wedge was placed under the feet to obtain maximum dorsiflexion. Wedge thickness varied with each subject. Results revealed: (1) a significant difference between the experimental and the control groups(p<0.05). (2) a significant difference between contract relax antagonist contract and static stretching groups(p<0.05). (3) At day five, the final increments were: contract relax antagonist contract , static stretching (meanstandard deviation).

목적: 본 연구는 관성 과부하 원리를 활용한 반응 신경계 훈련에 따른 초보 골퍼의 머리와 클럽 헤드의 협응성을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 중심축 이동 현상이 주로 나타나는 골프 입문자를 대상으로 골프 피치샷을 실험과제로 선정하였다. 반응 신경계 훈련 집단은 7kg 클럽벨을 활용하여 관성 과부하 동작을 피치샷 연습과 병행하여 실시하였으며, 최소 관성 부하 훈련 집단은 400g 아동용 T-배트를 적용하여 관성의 부하 정도를 최소한으로 제한하여 피치샷 연습과 병행하였다. 통제 집단은 별도의 추가적 훈련 없이 피치 샷 연습만을 수행하였다. 골프 수행력 평가는 피치 샷 정확성 점수판을 활용하였으며 3차원 영상 분석을 통해 머리의 좌우 이동 거리, 그리고 머리와 클럽 헤드의 상관계수를 도출하였다. 결과: 전반적으로 반응 신경계 훈련 집단이 비교 집단에 비해 우수한 수행력을 보였으며, 머리의 좌우 이동 거리와 머리-클럽 헤드의 협응 관계에서도 반응 신경계 훈련 집단이 월등히 향상되는 결과를 나타내었다. 논의: 동작의 오류 극대화를 통해 올바른 협응 구조를 유도하는 반응 신경계 훈련은 운동 기술 학습의 새로운 접근법이다. 앞으로 더욱 창의적이고 다양한 반응 신경계 훈련을 통하여 자기주도 학습 환경을 제안하는 많은 후속 연구를 기대한다.

Respiratory distress resulting from a neuromuscular disorder is often misdiagnosed and not managed properly until development of severe respiratory failure. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare but archetypical motor neuron disease. Most cases manifest as weakness, muscular atrophy, and progressive paralysis of the limbs. Late stage of the disease is characterized by respiratory failure due to respiratory muscle weakness. In a few cases, 3% of patients, respiratory failure is the initial presentation, preceding other symptoms. We report on a case of ALS accompanied by acute respiratory failure and weaning failure, with a review of the literature.

이 연구의 목적은 목표 지향적 양수 협응동작 수행시 나타나는 연계 변화에 기저가 되는 협응구조 메커니즘을 행동학적, 운동학적, 그리고 근 신경생리학적 측면에서 규명하고 아울러 연령이 증가하면서 이를 메커니즘이 어떻게 변화되는지를 살펴보는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 3개의 연령집단(초등, 대학생, 노인) 총 15명이 한손 조준과제와 두 손 조준과제를 각 4번씩 수행하였다. 각 과제가 실시되는 동안 동작 분석기(Ariel Dynamics 2000)와 EMG(Mega, 1998)시스템이 작동되어 동작에 대한 자료가 저장되었다. 실험 결과 목표 지향적 두 손 동작의 연계가 모든 연령에서 나타났으며 두 손의 연계성이 마치 하나의 단위와 같이 나타났으나 동작 시간과 관련되는 근 신경생리학적?운동학적 변수는 연령에 따라 다소 다르게 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 대학생은 아동과 노인 집단에 비해 최소한의 신경생리학적 변수(길항근 지속시간)와 운동학적 변수(최소한의 각 위치, 효율적 거리-카버링)를 사용하여 목표조준 운동에 대한 두 손의 협응과 연계를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 노인과 아동은 대학생에 비해 속도-정확성 상쇄의 이점을 충분히 활용하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 기타 사항들이 논의되었다.