교량 계측시스템의 계측항목 중 거더 중앙부 처짐은 교량 상부구조의 대표적인 거동 특성이며, 중요한 상태평가 항목이다. 교량 계측시스템에서 교량 경간 중앙부 처짐에 대한 관리기준치를 설정하는 여러 가지 방법 중 도로교 설계기준의 처짐 제한치를 적용하는 경우도 있다. 그러나 도로교설계기준의 처짐 제한규정은 안전성 측면보다는 사용성 측면에서 검토되어 실제 교량에서 발생할 수 있는 위험상황에 대하여 어느 정도 안전을 보장하는지 판단하기 어렵다. 본 연구는 현재 교량 설계시 경간 중앙부 처짐의 사용성 검토 기준이고, 일부 교량 상시계측시스템의 경간 중앙부 관리기준치로 적용되고 있는 도로교설계기준의 처짐 제한치가 포함하고 있는 파괴(항복)에 대한 실질적인 안전율을 추정해 보고자 실내구조실험을 통하여 일반 철근콘크리트 거더의 안전율을 추정하였다.

Designating conservation sites is needed for the preservation and management of tidal flats, and also objective criteria, by which preservation values of tidal flats can be evaluated, are required to designate conservation sites. A set of new evaluation criteria for tidal flats was suggested in this study. The criteria, based on six items including scarcity, diversity, naturalness, uniqueness, destruction possibility and preservation will, have the advantages with which easy and economic assessments are possible by using basic data from the preceding studies. The evaluation results for the three different tidal flats (Muan, Jeungdo-1 and Jeungdo-2) in the southwestern coast of Korea reveal that all the tidal flats evaluated are classified into grade 2. The tidal flat which got the highest evaluation score was Jeungdo-1 tidal flat (86.7), and the next was Muan (85.0) and Jeungdo-2 (82.5). The Jeungdo-2 tidal flat was superior in uniqueness and destruction possibility, and the Muan tidal flat was superior in diversity and naturalness.

The purpose of this study is to propose the rural landscape planning criteria for Korean rural area. For this, the meaning of rural landscape is defined, and the legislative framework and several legal processes are surveyed, including the deliberation system for natural landscape impacts and the Landscape Law recently legislated. Through literature studies and analysis, the rural landscape planning criteria are proposed, which have step-by-step processes; goals and objectives, analysis and estimation for present conditions, basic planning concept, landscape planning for different visual landscape types, landscape designing for visual elements, and practical action plans. Each processes are designed considering the existing legislative framework, so it can be well-matched to current systems. But, because there are few rural landscape plans so far, comparing to the urban landscape plans, the validity of this criteria should be verified in the future studies.

Seed storage proteins of different solubility were extracted and denatured subunits of each protein were evaluated with malting barley quality parameters. Its been known that each subunit of seed storage protein encoded by each gene and subunit profiles were highly related to end-use quality in cereals. The purpose of this study is to provide selection criteria for high quality malting barleys with aid of bichemical-genetic information. Total 13 regional test lines and three locations (Naju, Jinju, and Jeju) were incorporated in this study. Albumin and hordein were extracted, denatured, and separated in 12% SDS-PAGE. Presence and absence of subunits of each protein were scored. Dendrogram (using XLSTAT program) was constructed to evaluated the relatedness of lines. The correlation between band profiles and quality test were assessed through Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) for statistics analysis. Hordein subunits can be classified into four groups, A, B, C, and D group. In general, hordein fractions contribute higher than albumine to determine malting quality. Specific molecular weight ranges (97.4-31.0, 66.2-31.0, and 45.0-31.0 kDa) of subunits were highly correlated with malting barley quality parameters. The subunit information would be directly incorporated in providing selection criteria for high quality malting barley in the malting barley breeding program.

본 논문에서는 다기준 의사결정 방법의 하나인 PROMETHEE(Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations)를 적용하여 도시유역내 소유역간의 상대적 침수위험도를 산정하였다. 이를 위해 도시유역의 침수에 영향을 미치는 인자를 선정하여 이를 PROMETHEE 적용을 위한 평가기준으로 활용하였다. 침수발생에 영향을 미치는 인자로는 유역의 평균고도, 평균경사, 관밀도, 인구수, 단위면적당

The frequency analysis and the probability plot were applied to heavy metal contents of soils collected from the Goseong Cu mine area as a statistic method for the determination of the threshold value which was able to partition a population comprising largely dispersed heavy metal contents into the background and the anomalous populations. Almost all the heavy metal contents of soil showed a positively skewed distributions and their cumulative percentage frequencies plotted as a curved lines on logarithmic probability plot which represent a mixture of two or more overlapping populations. Total Cu, Pb and Cd data and extractable Cu and Pb data could be partitioned into background and anomalous populations by using the inflection in each curve. The others showed a normally distributed population or an largely overlapped populations. The threshold values obtained from replotted frequency distributions with the partitioned populations were Cu 400 mg/kg, Pb 450 mg/kg and Cd 3.5 mg/kg in total contents and Cu 40 mg/kg and Pb 12 mg/kg in extractable contents, respectively. The thresholds for total contents are much higher than the tolerable level of soil pollution proposed by Kloke(Cu 100 mg/kg, Pb 100 mg/kg, Cd 3 mg/kg), but those for extractable contents are not exceeded the worrying level of soil pollution proposed by Ministry of Environment(Cu 50 mg/kg, Pb 100 mg/kg). When the threshold values were used as the criteria of soil pollution in the study area, 9～19% of investigated soil population was in polluted level. The spatial distributions of heavy metal contents greater than threshold values showed that polluted soils with heavy metals are restricted within the mountain soils in the vicinity of abandoned mines.

다기준 의사결정 문제에서 요인간의 가중치 계산과 계산된 요인의 평가값 종합화는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 다기준 의사결정 문제에 있어서 의사결정자의 의사전략 결합기법과 다기준의사결정 문제로의 적용을 연구하였다. 복잡한 환경에서 의사결정을 할 때 발생되는 모호함을 해결하기 위해 주관적 의견을 결합한 퍼지지합 이론을, 다기준 문제의 요인을 퍼지값으로 계층화하기 위해 계층분석법을 적용하였다. 또한, 의사결정자의 의사전략을 결합하기 위해 순위 가중치평균법을 이용하였다. 순위가 있는 가중치 평균방법은 퍼지집합의 orness 특성을 이용하여 의사결정자의 주관적 의지를 반영할 수 있는 기법으로, 순위가중치평균(OWA) 연산자에 따른 낙관적 혹은 비관적인 정도에 따라 주관적인 의도를 반영할 수 있는 방법이다. 다기준의사결정 문제의 적용사례로서 해상교통안전을 위한 대기정박지의 위치분석 문제를 본 연구에서 제시한 방법에 따라 적용하였다.

본 연구는 HCI 이론을 적용하여 게임형 학습 프로그램을 평가하기 위한 준거를 개발한다. 사람들이 편리하고 즐겁게 사용하도록 하는 시스템을 개발하는 원리나 방법을 연구하는 학문인 HCI 이론은 다양한 영역의 프로그램 개발에 광범위하게 적용되어 왔다. 그리고 학습 프로그램을 평가하는 데도 널리 활용되어 왔다. 그러나 HCI 이론을 적용한 게임형 코스웨어 평가에 대한 연구는 거의 없다. 따라서, 게임형 코스웨어 평가 연구에서도 HCI 이론 적용이 필요하다. 본 연구는 HCI의 구성요소인 유용성(Usefulness), 사용성(Usability), 감성(Affect)의 관점에서 평가 준거를 개발한다. 본 연구에서 개발한 평가 준거는 게임형 학습 프로그램을 평가하는 기준으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구의 핵심은 유역별 통합관리에 필요한 재원을 중앙과 지방정부 그리고 유역내의 지자체간에 어떠한 기준으로 분담하느냐를 다루는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 재원의 배분을 유역 내의 이수, 치수, 수질개선에 따른 분담원칙과 이를 현실적으로 적용할 공통기준과 개별기준을 설정하고, 설정된 기준에 대한 가중치를 계층적 의사결정기법을 통하여 산정하였다. 재원분담 방안을 유역별로 적용한 결과, 합리적인 재원의 조달 방법이 유역별로 매우 상이함을 발견하였다

In this study, CN value was estimated by using detailed soil map and land cover characteristic against upper basin of Kumho watermark located on the upper basin of Kumho river and the hydrologic morphological characteristic factors were extracted from the basin by using the DEM document. Also the runoff analysis was conducted by the WMS model in order to study how the assumed CN value affects the runoff characteristic. First of all, as a result of studying the soil type in this study area, mostly D type soil was identified by the application of the 1987 classification criteria. However, by that in 1995, B type soil and C type soil were distributed more widely in that area. When CN value was classified by the 1995 classification criteria, it was estimated lower than in 1987, as a result of comparing the estimated CNs by those standars. Also it was assumed that CN value was underestimated when the plan for Geum-ho river maintenance was drawn up. As a result of the analysis of runoff characteristic, the pattern of generation of the classification criteria of soil groups appeared to be similar, but in the case of the application of the classification criteria in 1995, the peak rate of runoff was found to be smaller on the whole than in the case of the application of the classification criteria in 1987. Also when the statistical data such as the prediction errors, the mean squared errors, the coefficient of determination and other data emerging from the analysis, was looked over in total, it seemed appropriate to apply the 1995 classification criteria when hydrological soil classification group was applied. As the result of this study, however, the difference of the result of the statistical dat was somewhat small. In future study, it is necessary to follow up evidence about soil application in many more watersheds and in heavy rain.

The purpose of this research was to present multi-criteria which were related to the heat island and find methods which decreased heat island affection on the ecological landscape planning. The results of this study were as follows. According to the analysis of surface temperatures, the first grade was the outside-city like a mountain and its temperature was less than 13.0℃. The fifth grade was the downtown, industrial area and its temperature was more than 26.9℃. Therefore, the result was seen the serious heat-island effect. The results of field survey, the closer to the first grade, the higher the value of green coverage. The closer to the fifth grade, the higher the value of impermeability surface, paving materials and colors. According to the correlation analysis, the temperature had high correlation with impermeability surface, paving materials and colors. According to the simple regression analysis, permeability surface, green coverage, topography, impermeability surface, paving materials & colors, human impact related with surface temperatures. To plan for the decrease of Heat-Island Effect needed the extension of green space, decrease of impermeability surface. This research suggested data for urban green plan and decrease of heat island effect, but there was a limit to get the objective method for grade classification because of lacking in the basic data, the research of multi-criteria will be accomplished continuously.

In cargo-working, it unavoidably happens that the quay crane slip along the rail and the container move from side to side. Especially, they involve a lot of risk in bad weather. The rail clamp is a mooring device to prevent that the quay crane slips along the rail due to bad weather or the wind blast while the quay crane do the cargo-working And it will play a greater role in port container terminal integration and automation To design the wedge type rail clamp, it is very important to determine the wedge angle. In this study, we expect that the design wind speed of the quay crane will change over 16m/s. Assuming that the design wind speed is 40m/s, we determined the proper wedge angle of the wedge type rail clamp for the 50ton class quay crane.

The IMO manoeuvrability standard was established for preventing sea accidents such as collisions and strandings due to the lack of manoeuvrability. The standard of ship manoeuvrability enforced by resolution MSC.l37(76) has been applied to vessels of 100m or more in length and all chemical tankers and gas carriers regardless of the length, which were constructed on or after 1 July 1994. The IMO manoeuvrability standard is able to be divided into three kinds as followings; (1) Turning capability standard: Estimated values in design stage are to be certified by turning circle test of the actual vessel. (2) Course keeping quality standard : Estimated values in design stage are to be certified by 10 deg. and 20 deg. zig-zag tests of the actual vessel. (3) Shortest stopping distance standard : Estimated value in design stage is to be certified by the shortest stopping distance tested by the actual vessel. In this paper, the authors verified the criteria of IMO manoeuvrability standard comparing them with the values resulted from sea trial tests of various kinds of actual vessels and examined separately the validity of all criteria of the standard.

중국항만은 급속한 성장으로 말미암아, 최근 부산항의 경쟁력 제고에 관한 연구가 집중적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 연구의 대부분은 동북아 주변항만의 경쟁력을 다양한 방식으로 분석/평가하여, 부산항의 위상을 제시하고, 경쟁력 강화를 위한 전략을 수립하는 것으로 요약된다. 그러나 이러한 연구는 학술적인 의미보다는 우리나라가 당면한 현안자체에 큰 비중을 두고 있는 연구들로서, 이와 관련한 기초연구의 필요성은 오히려 간과되고 있는 실정이다. 즉, 항만의 경쟁력을 올바르게 평가하고 분석하는 데 기초가 되는 항만선택요인에 대한 철저한 고찰은 매우 부족한 것이 현실이다. 이로 말미암아, 기존연구들은 각기 다른 요인들을 척도로 하여 항만들을 평가/분석하고 있는 실정이어서, 기존연구의 분석결과들로부터 일관성을 확보하기 곤란한 문제가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 점에 주목하여, 항만의 선택 요인을 실증적으로 고찰하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 한다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 실증데이터를 분석하여 항만선택 요인을 내적요인과 외적요인으로 구분하고, 그 동안 그 중요성이 실증적으로 부각되지 않았던 외적요인에 주목하여 이러한 요인이 항만 선택에 미치는 영향력을 파악하고자 한다.

본 연구는 지형학적 특성을 고려한 하천 정비 기법에 응용될 수 있는 기존의 외국 하천 분류 체계를 소개, 검토하고 하천의 형태를 표현하는 지형 인자를 이용하여 하천 분류 체계를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 개발된 분류 체계는 지류의 유입이 없는 하도 구간을 분류 단위로 하였으며 1) 하도의 제약도를 반영하는 곡저폭지수, 2) 평면형을 반영하는 사행도와 3) 하상 재료를 기본적인 지형 인자로 채택하였다. 본 연구의 분류 체계는 전체 24개 유형으로 구성되며,

In this study, the longevity index was suggested for researches about social and environmental effects to human immorality and criteria for defining longevity area were developed using statistical analysis. Candidates indexes based on researches about the tend of human death ratio were investigated. As a result statistical analysis, ratio of population over 85 yearn old and over 65 years was selected as a longevity index. Statistical analysis on the longevity distribution at each district showed that 'eup' and 'myun' are appropriate spatial unit to study social and geographical characteristics of longevity. The spatial analysis using the ArcViewTM with the suggested index shows the time dependent variances of degree of immorality and spatial relationship between degree of immorality and human migration.

In general, the evaluation of water supply capacity is important factor to establish various establishment of water resource supply plan include water resource security and determination of dam's mass. But former researchs about estimation of water supply capacity were lack in continunity of evaluation basis, and didn't excute analysis on reliability criteria also. In this study, Nakdong river was selected for study basin, and then water supply capacity was analyzed by HEC-5 model using identical reliability criteria.

On the purpose to suggest an advanced scheme in assessing the domestic wheat quality, this paper reviewed the inspection systems of wheat in major wheat producing countries as well as the quality criteria which are being used in wheat grading and classification. Most wheat producing countries are adopting both classifications of class and grade to provide an objective evaluation and an official certification to their wheat. There are two main purposes in the wheat classification. The first objectives of classification is to match the wheat with market requirements to maximize market opportunities and returns to growers. The second is to ensure that payments to glowers aye made on the basis of the quality and condition of the grain delivered. Wheat classes has been assigned based on the combination of cultivation area, seed-coat color, kernel and varietal characteristics that are distinctive. Most reputable wheat marketers also employ a similar approach, whereby varieties of a particular type are grouped together, designed by seed coat colour, grain hardness, physical dough properties, and sometimes more precise specification such as starch quality, all of which are genetically inherited characteristics. This classification in simplistic terms is the categorization of a wheat variety into a commercial type or style of wheat that is recognizable for its end use capabilities. All varieties registered in a class are required to have a similar end-use performance that the shipment be consistent in processing quality, cargo to cargo and year to year, Grain inspectors have historically determined wheat classes according to visual kernel characteristics associated with traditional wheat varieties. As well, any new wheat variety must not conflict with the visual distinguishability rule that is used to separate wheats of different classes. Some varieties may possess characteristics of two or more classes. Therefore, knowledge of distinct varietal characteristics is necessary in making class determinations. The grading system sets maximum tolerance levels for a range of characteristics that ensure functionality and freedom from deleterious factors. Tests for the grading of wheat include such factors as plumpness, soundness, cleanliness, purity of type and general condition. Plumpness is measured by test weight. Soundness is indicated by the absence or presence of musty, sour or commercially objectionable foreign odors and by the percentage of damaged kernels that ave present in the wheat. Cleanliness is measured by determining the presence of foreign material after dockage has been removed. Purity of class is measured by classification of wheats in the test sample and by limitation for admixtures of different classes of wheat. Moisture does not influence the numerical grade. However, it is determined on all shipments and reported on the official certificate. U.S. wheat is divided into eight classes based on color, kernel Hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes are Durum, Hard Red Spring, Hard Red Winter, Soft Red Winter, Hard White, soft White, Unclassed and Mixed. Among them, Hard Red Spring wheat, Durum wheat, and Soft White wheat are further divided into three subclasses, respectively. Each class or subclass is divided into five U.S. numerical grades and U.S. Sample grade. Special grades are provided to emphasize special qualities or conditions affecting the value of wheat and are added to and made a part of the grade designation. Canadian wheat is also divided into fourteen classes based on cultivation area, color, kernel hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes have 2-5 numerical grades, a feed grade and sample grades depending on class and grading tolerance. The Canadian grading system is based mainly on visual evaluation, and it works based on the kernel visual distinguishability concept. The Australian wheat is classified based on geographical and quality differentiation. The wheat grown in Australia is predominantly white grained. There are commonly up to 20 different segregations of wheat in a given season. Each variety grown is assigned a category and a growing areas. The state governments in Australia, in cooperation with the Australian Wheat Board(AWB), issue receival standards and dockage schedules annually that list grade specifications and tolerances for Australian wheat. AWB is managing "Golden Rewards" which is designed to provide pricing accuracy and market signals for Australia's grain growers. Continuous payment scales for protein content from 6 to 16% and screenings levels from 0 to 10% based on varietal classification are presented by the Golden Rewards, and the active payment scales and prices can change with market movements.movements.