본 연구에서는 지진하중을 받는 교량구조물의 동적거동을 보다 실제적으로 예측하기 위하여 받침의 손상여부는 물론 다양한 영향요소를 고려할 수 있는 이상화된 다자유도 교량해석모형을 개발하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 받침의 손상이 교량구조물의 지진응답에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 받침의 손상은 마찰요소를 이용한 단순화된 모형으로 고려하였으며, 발생가능한 받침의 손상조건에 따른 영향을 분석하기 위하여 다양한 마찰계수의 적용에 따른 교량구조물의 응답분포특성을 구하였다. 모의분석 결과로부터 받침손상의 고려여부 및 적용된 마찰계수에 따라 최대응답의 크기 및 발생위치가 서로 다르게 평가되었으며, 특히 교량구조물에서 낙교의 발생가능성이 큰 위치에서의 최대상대거리는 받침의 손상여부에 따라 상당한 영을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 최대응답의 증가량은 크지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 그러므로 다경간 단순형 교량구조물에 있어서 받침의 손상에 따른 낙교의 발생가능성을 감소시키기 위한 부가적인 받침보강은 필요시 선택적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, the WC-10 wt.%Co nanopowders doped by grain growth inhibiter were produced by three different methods based on the spray conversion process. Agglomerated powders with homeogenous distribution of alloying elements and with internal particles of about 100-200 nm in diameter were synthesized. The microstructural changes and sintering behavior of hardmetal compacts were compared with doping method and sintering conditions. The microstructure of hardmetals was very sensitive to doping methods of inhibitor. Nanostructured WC-Co hardmetal powder compacts containing TaC/VC doped by chemical method instead of ball-milling shown superior sintering densification, and the microstructure maintained ultrafine scale with rounded WC particles.

The purpose of this study was to investigate several aspects of eating out behaviors especially in relation to Chinese food. Self-administrated questionnairs were completed by 556 food-related major college students in Kangwon-do area. The results were as follows: 1. The frequencies of eating out were not significantly different by gender, type of residence, and the amount of spending money per month of the subjects. 2. Korean foods had a tendency to be selected as a first choice of eating out with both family and friends. The subjects preferred Korean foods, Western foods, Chinese foods and Japanese foods in order with their family but flour based foods, western foods and chinese foods in order with their friends. Japanese foods were not selected at all when they ate out with friends. 3. The 80.7% of male subjects and the 58% of female subjects liked Chinese foods. High calorie food was the feeling about Chinese foods for the male subjects and greasy food was for the female subjects. Taste was the most considered factor for choosing Chinese foods. 4. The 80% of subjects answered that Chinese food culture affected that of Korea. The 77% of subjects thought Chinese noodles were settled down to Korea. 5. Using MSG to Chinese foods was recognized as health-concerning factor for 67% of male subjects and 72% of female subjects.

Short pitch fibers were prepared from petroleum based isotropic precursor pitch by melt-blown technology. The pitch fibers were stabilized in oxidizing condition, followed by steam activations at various conditions. The fiber surface and pore structures of the activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were respectively characterized by using SEM and applying BET theory from nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The weight loss of the oxidized fiber was proportional to activation temperature and activation time, independently. The adsorption isotherms of the nitrogen on the ACFs were constructed and analyzed to be as Type I consisting of micropores mainly. The specific surface area of the ACFs proportionally increased with the weight loss at a given activation temperature. The specific surface area was ranged 850~1900 m2/g with pores of narrow distribution in sizes. The average pore size was ranged 5.8~14.1 a with the larger value from the more severe activation condition.

범죄행동으로 지적된 여러 가지 변인들 중에서 유전적 소인을 제외한 다른 것들은 돈과 폭력이라는 두 변인에 포함된다. 실제로 이 두 변인을 제외한 범죄를 찾기는 어렵다. 물론 성욕이 범죄를 야기 시키는 큰 몫을 담당하고 있지만, 이것 역시 폭력을 뒤로하고 범죄행동을 보이기 어렵다. 범죄행동의 거의 대부분을 차지하는 돈과 폭력의 욕구로 인한 행동형성은 뚜렷한 차이를 갖는다. 전자는 한번시도로 그리고 후자는 여러 번 반복해서 형성된다. 또한 상당수의 범죄가 이들 두 변인의 복합적 관계에서 발생된다. 이러한 이유에서 두 변인 중 어느 하나의 통제는 범죄예방을 의미한다. 그러므로 범죄를 예방하는 길은 돈과 폭력에 대한 욕구의 형성을 이해하는 것이다. 즉, 돈이란 땀을 흘리며 어렵게 벌어야 한다는 것을 가르치고 그리고 폭력의 행사는 처음부터 막아야 한다. 이러한 가르침은 우리들이 처한 조건이 각양각색이라도 가능하기에 범죄예방에 큰 도움을 줄 것이다.

This study was performed to assess the effect of eating behaviors and health-related variables on overall dietary quality. Ninety-four(male 21, female 73) elderly who were over 60 residing in middle income areas in Cheongju city participated. Information on general characteristics of the elderly, health-related life style, regularity of meal, meal balance and desirable eating habits were obtained by interview based on questionnare. Dietary nutrient intake data were obtained through the 24 hour recall method. The mean age and BMI of the subjects were 73.3 years old and 23.3(male 21.8 female 23.7) respectively. The proportions of underweight and hypertension were 19.2% and 36.2%. Most nutrients except vitamin B2 and calcium were consumed over 75% of the RDA. The Mean Adequacy of Ratio(MAR) of nutrient intake was 0.64(male 0.72, female 0.62). The average score of regularity of meal, meal balance, and desirable eating habits was 14.4 out of a possible 16, 13.7 out of a possible 24 and 5.5 out of a possible 16 points respectively. Male than female, older subjects than young subjects, and those living with their spouses than with other family or living alone had better scores in eating behaviors. Smoking, chewing ability and eating alone vs eating with company affected overall of regulality of meal and meal balance(p〈0.05). Positive correlation (p〈0.05) was also dietary quality. There was a positive correlation between the mean adequacy ratio, score observed between scores in regularity of meal and meal balance. Therefore, the elderly should be encouraged to eat a variety of food, maintain good dental health, keep regularity of meal and have meals with company to help improve overall dietary quality and eventually achieve optimal nutritional status.

This study was to investigate the food habits and the dietary behaviors of university students. Questionnaires were completed by 492 students in five different departments. The data were analyzed by SAS program. The results are summarized as follows: Fifty(10.2%) of respondents were vegetarians, 81(16.4%) were heavy meat eaters and all the others were light meat eaters. All students had their biggest meal at supper. Three hundred and ninety-three(79.9%) of the respondents usually had rice for breakfast. Three hundred -sixteen(64.2%) ate 3 meals a day, 155(31.5%) ate 2 meals and all the others ate 1 meal or more than 3 meals. The length of mealtime was 30 minutes in 268(54.5%), 10 minutes in 209(42.5%) and more than 1 hour in all the others. Respondents considered taste the most important meal factor with nutrition, hygiene, and amount ranked accordingly. A majority(63.0%) of respondents ate occasionally ate between meals, while 28.1% snacked frequently, and 8.9% ate no snacks. Although nutrition dept. students had studied nutrition subject, some results of nutrition dept. students were desirable and others were undesirable in dietary behaviors. Therefore they should have a nutritional education program to improve their food habits and the dietary behaviors for students' health. And nutritional education program should be organized practically and systematically.

The anomalous behaviour of animals prior to a large earthquake has been frequently reported from many places throughout the world since ancient times. This study is to experimentally testify what relations exist between the anomalous animal behavior and electric field effect, which is reported due to the piezo-electric effects in a basement rock before earthquake occurrences. We investigated the electric field effects on behaviors of two kinds of rats and birds. Rats show more sensitive anomalous behavior than birds. Even though the current applied to the experimental birds and rats is just a few μA, they show various abnormal behaviors. The anomalous animal behaviors under the small ground electric field may have some relations to the actual phenomena before great earthquake.

본 논문은 경제주간지인 The Economist에서 매분기 발표하는 글로벌 자산관리회사들의 추천 글로벌 주식포트폴리오, 5개 선진국의 주식시장 수익률, 환율변화, 거시경제지표 등의 자료를 토대로 글로벌 포트폴리오 투자관리자의 행태와 성과에 관한 실증분석을 시도하였다. 1989년 1/4분기부터 2000년 2/4분기까지의 연구기간 동안 추천포트폴리오의 시장별 투자성과는 평균적으로 높지 않은 것으로 평가되었다. 이에 따라 이러한 추천포트폴리오를 받아들인 투자자는 심지어 분기 평균으로 손실을 기록할 수도 있었을 것으로 추론된다. 또한 국제투자에서 환위험이 중요한 변수임을 보여주었다. 추천포트폴리오의 분기별 수익률은 Morgan Stanley가 발표하는 벤치마크 세계시장 수익률과 비교하여 성과가 다소 높게 나타났으며, 자산관리회사의 국적별로 성과차이가 존재하였다. 국가별 투자비중은 투자대상 국가들의 거시경제지표와는 상관관계가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 환율변화는 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 또한 투자비중 변화들간의 상관관계는 특히 미국시장에 대해 높게 나타났으며, 투자비중 결정에는 해당 국가에 속한 선도 투자회사가 주도적인 역할을 하는 것으로 해석되어, 이에 따라 군집투자 현상도 있는 것으로 추론된다. 또한, 자산관리회사의 주가예측력은 낮은 것으로 평가되었으며, 멕시코, 아시아, 러시아 금융위기시에도 선진국 주식시장에 대한 투자비중은 크게 조정되지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

Quinoline insoluble formed by the heat treatment was hot-pressed near its softening point. The green body was stabilized in the temperature range of 300~400℃ and subsequently carbonized below 1300℃ in an argon atmosphere. The behaviors of QI formation was examined with varying the heat treatment temperature and the lapse of time of the sample carbonized at various temperatures. And the mechanical property, corrosion resistance, and friction behavior were also measured optimum content of mesophase pitch ensured a dense structure and high LC(002) value, which resulted in high mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, and low-stable friction behavior.

A petroleum-based isotropic pitch fiber spun by melt-blown method was oxidized in air flow at various conditions. The oxidized pitch fiber obtained was tested for its infusibility and its elemental composition during the process of stabilization. The structural changes were traced by using solvent solubility, FT-IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The samples showed a gradual increase in weight with increasing the oxidization temperature. The weight gain of sample oxidized at 320℃ for 10 min was about 4.5%. The concentration of the pyridine and toluene soluble fraction decreased with an increase in stabilization temperatures. The oxygen uptaken in the stabilization process converted aliphatic side chains into the carbonyl groups. As stabilization proceeded, the more ether and carboxylic acid groups were formed through the oxidations of aldehyde and primary alcohol, and then the carboxylic acid was dehydrated to be aromatic anhydride.

In this study, the effects of carbon black (CB) content and anodic oxidation treatment with AgNO3 on positive temperature coefficient (PTC) behavior of CB/HDPE nanocomposites were investigated. Also, the addition of elastomer as a toughing agent was studied. The 20~50 wt% of CB, 0~5 wtt% of elastomer, and 1 wt% of AgNO3-filled HDPE nanocomposites were prepared using the internal mixer in 60 rpm at 160˚C and the compression-molded at 180˚C for 10 min. As a result, the room temperature resistivity and PTC intensity of the composites were dependent, to a large extent, on the content of CB, addition of elastomer, and surface chemical properties that were controlled in the relative arrangements of the carbon black aggregates in a polymeric matrix. Moreover, the composites with relatively low room temperature resistivity and suitable PTC intensity could be achieved by treatment of AgNO3. Consequently, it was noted that PTC effect was due to the deagglomeration or the breakage of the conductive networks caused by thermal expansion or crystalline melting of the polymeric matrix.

This paper is to estimate the load carrying capacities of concrete-filled steel tubular columns and the important parameters are selected the size, length and concrete strength. he concrete-filled tube structures has many excellent structural properties, that is, high load capacity, good plastic deformation and high resistance local buckling. Under these background, this study Investigated to the structural compression behaviors, the maximum strength, the confinement effects, the fracture mechanism, local buckling failure and concrete strength effects.

In this paper, Korean's dining-out behaviors were compared and investigated according to gender and age. The change and the problem of dietary pattern in Korea were understood and we intend to provide the basic information for guidelines of Korean's dietary habits. The subjects are composed of 46.5% male and 53.5% female. According to age, groups aged 10~19 are 26.3%, 20's are 24.6%, 30's are 16.8%, 40's are 18.7%, and 50 and over age group is 13.6%. All of the age groups ate out for celebration of a special day or for social purposes. When dining-out, the most important criteria for selecting a restaurant was the taste of food. All age groups liked Korean-style restaurants the most. All age group eat a house meal at breakfast. At lunch, age groups 40 and below go to a restaurant in school or company and 50 and over age group eats house meal. In general, all age groups ate a house meal at dinner. At breakfast, all the age groups do not eat out. For lunch, they eat out four or five times a week. For dinner, the most of age groups except the 20's eat out two or three times a month and for the 20's age group, two or three times a week. The reason for selecting a Korean-style restaurant is that the food is 'well matched with one's appetite'. According to the above results, the dietary habits of 30 and over age groups are relatively good. On the other hand, in 10's and 20's age groups, they have an irregular meal and the ratio of skipping a meal is high. And they frequently use fast-food restaurants. In the future, the unbalance of nutrition in these age groups is expected. Therefore, the correct nutritional facts should be educated so that these age groups have a healthy dietary habit.