이화병나방 유충의 식이선택성에 있어서 수도품종간 차이를 시험하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 품종에 따라 유충의 식이선택성에 현저한 차이가 있었으며 수도의 생육기에 따라 식이선택성에 변화가 있었는데 생육초기에 비하여 후기에 높아지는 것(Rexoro, Suweon 240, Suweon 213-1, Yushin 및 Jinheung), 초기에 비하여 후기에 낮아지는 것(Tetep, Suweon 242) 및 생육기에 따라 변화가 없는 것(TKM-6, IR-26)이 있었다. (2) 감수성 대조품종 Rexoro는 저항성 대조품종 TKM-6에 비하여 식이선택성이 언제나 높았다. Tongil(Suweon 213-1)은 Rexoro와 Jinheung에 비하여 유충의 식이선택성이 현저히 낮았고 TKM-6와 거의 대등한 정도의 식이선택성을 타나내었다. (3) 이화명충에 대한 수도의 저항성과 식이선택성과는 밀접한 관계가 있는 것 같다.

몇 가지 수도품종에 대한 산란선호성의 차이, 또는 산란선호성과 품종의 몇 가지 외형적 특성과의 관계를 알아보기 위해 본 실험을 실시하였다. (1) 품종에 따라 산란선호성에 현저한 차리가 있었는데 그중 산란선호성이 비교적 큰 품종은Tongil (Suweon 213-1), Yushin, Jinheung 및 TKM-6이었고 비교적 낮은 품종은 IR-26, IR-747, Rexoro 및 Juckna이었다. (2) Tongil, TKM-6 및 Rexoro 세 품종 중 산란선호성이 가장 높은 품종은 Tongil이었고 다음이 TKM-6, 가장 낮은 품종이 Rexoro품종이었는데 그 경향은 주당경수가 일정할 때나 차이가 있을 때나 일치하였다. (3) 산란선호성과 공시품종의 주당경수, 초장, 엽의 폭과 길이 및 경의 굵기와는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. (4) 산란선호성의 기작은 품종의 외형적 특성을 검토하기 보다는 오히려 품종의 해부학적 또는 생리화학적인 면에서의 검토가 필요할 것으로 생각되었다.

본 연구는 일상 대화 말뭉치를 통해 <너무/되게/엄청 + 형용 사>의 의미적 선호를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 분석 결과, <너무+형 용사>에서는 [경험-심리]가 높은 선호도를 보였으며, <되게+형용사> 에서는 [경험-논리], <엄청+형용사>에서는 [사물-측량]이 높은 선호도 를 보였다. 한편, 세 정도부사에서 사물에 대한 추상적 묘사를 의미하 는 [사물-추상]의 의미 선호는 1건도 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 대부분의 의미 유형에서 <너무+형용사>의 의미 선호가 가장 많았으나 [사물- 형태]에서는 <되게+형용사>의 의미 선호가 많았다. 향후 정도부사의 피수식어로 동사나 ‘명사+이다’ 등의 의미적 선호 양상 분석이 이루어 지기를 바란다.

This study investigates sound, scenery, and soundscape preferences, which are sensory factors that users feel in a healing forest, comparing the difference in recovery by the soundscape. In the barrier-free, wooden walking path of the National Daegwallyeong Healing Forest, a survey site with five different conditions was selected. Users prefer water sounds the most and places with open views for scenery. For the complex sensation of soundscapes, the most preferred is a space where water sounds can be heard, and either a waterfall or an open view can be seen. A profile of mood states test was use to compare users󰡑psychological recovery by the soundscape. It was found that users felt the most positive mood with water sounds and open views. In addition, users' preference for artificial sounds, scenery, and soundscape was the lowest. In the mood state test, it was found that the artificial soundscape incited the most negative emotions.

The aim of this research was to empirical examine the influence of brand trust, perceived value on brand preference, and purchase intention for branded phones. The samples were gathered by a convenient sampling method. We collected data from 285 consumers who were visiting electronic supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The measurement used a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1=completely disagree, and 5=completely agree. PLS - Partial Least Squares method was performed to analyze the measurement model and the structural model. The study model was proposed from prior research. We had assessed the reliability of the scales through Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability. As well, we also had evaluated discriminant validity through the Fornell-Larcker criterion. The findings of the study demonstrated that brand trust had a significantly positive influence on brand preference. Likewise, the findings of the research also stated that brand trust had a positive impact on purchase intention. The results revealed that perceived value had a positive effect on brand preference. Furthermore, the outcomes show that perceived value had a positive influence on purchase intention as well. Furthermore, the findings of the research showed that brand preference had a positive effect on purchase intention.

Financial literacy is one of the sustainable development goals of huge concern of governments. Governments explore solutions addressing policies to improve financial literacy. Nevertheless, financial management has such a broad scope and is not just limited to knowledge. As human nature, individuals are born with different confidence levels that include various financial abilities. This study aims to investigate the household-financial efficacy through the application of psychometric instruments, risk preference, and demographic characteristics toward consumption decision behavior. The research is based on a survey 479 households in the peninsular Malaysia, and utilizes the structural equation model, cluster proportional and systematic random sampling, and two measurements – composite reliability and average variance extracted. Results show that households’ financial efficacy is one of the critical factors that explain the households’ consumption decision behavior. Also, risk preference, gender and area location (rural or urban) of the household determined the consumption decision behavior of the household. The effectiveness of consumption decision is not only determined by financial literacy, but also financial efficacy. The implications of this paper may help to design policies in narrowing the broad gap between the rural and urban level of financial efficacy. The government needs to take appropriate actions to fix it.

The purpose of this research is to identify factors affecting consumer’s brand preference toward environment-friendly products like electric vehicles in Bangkok, Thailand. The researcher conducted the study based on a quantitative approach and adapted a nonprobability sampling as a convenience sampling method. The data were collected from 400 respondents living in Bangkok, who are 18 years old and above, with significant knowledge of electric vehicles. This study adapted the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to examine the model accuracy, reliability and verification influence of various variables. The results revealed that social influence has significant effect on environment concern as well as a positive effect on attitude. The initial significance of environment concern leads to a positive effect on fuel efficiency, followed by brand preference. Lastly, attitude has a significant effect on brand preference as attitude of consumers toward environment-friendly products affects the encouragement of brand preference, which largely depends on individual opinion. From an environmental concern, the researchers identified fuel efficiency and attitude having a positive and significant effect on brand preference toward environment-friendly products for electric vehicles. The authors also found that environmental concern and social influences on green purchasing behavior were significantly interrelated.

In South Korea, social, the number of single-person households has rapidly increased because of financial factors. Since single-person households have characteristics differentiated from general households, many enterprises pay attention to them that appear as important consumers. This study conducted a survey with consumers in their 20s to 50s in single-person households, nationwide who had an experience of purchasing HMR. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, of the benefits pursued in dietary life, the pursuit of nutrition a negative (-) impact on RTH type and did not have any impacts on the RTE and RTC types. The pursuit of taste had a positive (+) impact only on the RTE type while it did not have any impact on the RTH and RTC types. The pursuit of convenience had positive (+) impacts on all RTH, RTE and RTC types, while the pursuit of price sought did not have any impact on all types. Second, of the preferences by each HMR type, preferences for the RTH and RTC types had positive (+) impacts on purchase intention while preference for the RTE type did not have any impact on purchase intention. Third, of the benefits pursued in dietary life, the pursuits of taste and convenience had positive (+) impacts on purchase intention while the pursuits of nutrition and price did not have any significant impacts on purchase intention. In addition, of the benefits pursued in dietary life, the pursuit of convenience had a significant impact on purchase intention mediated by preference by each HMR type. As a result, taste of HMR and the aspects of convenience act as factors inducing purchases, and products in the various forms of taste and convenience in order to appeal consumers who pursue taste and convenience.

경인항은 컨테이너 및 일반부두 시설을 갖추고 배후 관광자원 연계가 가능한 다기능 항만으로 개발되었으나, 소형항만이라는 한계와 주변 항만과 중복, 연계성 부족으로 인하여 어려움을 겪고 있다. 하지만 경인항 또는 인근에 물류거점이 필요한 입주기업은 특성상 목재류, 철재류, 공산품 등 특정 수출입 품목을 경인항을 통하여 처리하고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 볼 때 경인항 이해관계자의 효용분석을 통한 경인항 활성화 방안을 수립하는 것은 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 컨조인트 분석을 활용하여 경인항 이해관계자의 선호도를 분석하고, 각 이해관계자의 선호도 차이를 제시하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 연구결과, 터미널 집단은 선석 접안능력을 가장 중요하게 고려하고 있으며, 선사는 인센티브 규모를, 입주기업은 항만물류비를 가장 중요한 것으로 인식했다. 경인항 관련 당사자들은 인식의 차이를 인지하고, 경인항 활성화를 위해 관계기관의 협조 및 운영사간의 상호협력 등 경인항 특성에 맞는 화주 발굴 및 제도적 정비를 갖출 필요가 있다.

This study investigated Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) of cherry blossom trails ‘Cherry Road’ in Daegu Catholic Univ. campus, at Gyeonsan-city, Korea. The evaluation focused on image preference and satisfaction of users i.e., students, using questionnaire surveys. A total 201 questionnaire samples were analyzed and most of the respondents were in the age group of 20. Frequency analysis was conducted on demographics, use behavior, reliability, and means. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted for user satisfaction and image preference. Over 80% of visitors came with companions during daytime. The most common motives for use were strolling and walking, event and meeting, passing. For user satisfaction the mean scores were highest for landscape beauty (4.22), image improvement (4.14), campus image (4.08). Night lighting facility received the lowest score (3.32). Factor analysis concerning user satisfaction was categorized into environment-human behavior and physical factors. Multiple regression analysis showed that the overall satisfaction of user was significantly influenced by five independent variables: ‘harmonious’ (β=.214), ‘night lighting facility’ (β=.173), ‘landscape beauty’ (β=.208), ‘lawn care’ (β=.154), and ‘walking trails’ (β=.123). The mean scores of image variables were highest for ‘beautiful’ (5.81), ‘bright’ (5.67), and ‘open’ (5.64). The lowest scores was for ‘quiet’ (4.47). Exploratory factor analysis led to three factors being categorized: aesthetics, comforts, and simplicity. Result of multiple regression analysis indicated that the preference of space image was significantly influenced by five variables: ‘bright’ (β=.397), ‘refreshing’ (β =.211), ‘cool’ (β=.219), ‘clean’ (β=.182), and ‘natural’ (β=.-142). Hence, Cherry Road has a high level of user satisfaction and image evaluation, which is interpreted as having various cultural events and value for students on campus. To improve the satisfaction of Cherry Road in the future, it is necessary to secure night lighting, to manage trash cans, and to secure rest space.

항해장비 표준화 모드는 안전항해에 필요한 정보들을 신속 정확하게 확인하기 위하여 주요 항해장비의 핵심기능과 화면표시, 작동법등을 표준화하는 기능이다. 국제해사기구는 표준화 모드의 항해장비 적용을 위한 지침 개발을 항해통신수색구조위원회의 과업으로 배정하여 진행 중에 있다. 본 연구는 표준화 모드 적용에 대한 실제 사용자들의 의견과 선호도를 조사하여 지침 개발에 반영하기 위해 수행되었다. 항해장비 중 ECDIS를 대상으로, 항해 업무를 수행하기 위해 필수적 또는 우선적으로 요구되는 정보 및 기능의 종류, 화면 구성, 메뉴트리의 사용자 선호도 조사를 위한 테스트 프로그램을 구성하였다. 웹 기반의 테스트 프로그램을 통해 35개국 333명의 선호도 조사를 실시하였으며, ECDIS 사용자들이 항해당직 수행 시 선호하는 다양한 ECDIS 정보의 내용과 화면배치들을 확인하였다. 연구의 결과는 표준화 모드에 고려할 사용자 요구 사항을 제시하여, 실효성 있는 지침 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

초등학교 1학년은 전이의 시기로서, 또래와 교사는 아동들의 사회적 관계형성에 주요한 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 지각된 인기에 미치는 또래와 교사의 영향을 살펴보기 위해 초등학교 1학년 아동 154명을 대상으로 사회적 행동과 지각된 인기의 관계에서 사회적 선호와 교사 선호의 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 또래 지명법을 사용하여 공격성, 사회적 선호, 지각된 인기, 교사 선호를 측정한 후, Mplus 7.0을 사용하여 변인간의 관계를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공격성과 친사회성 모두 지각된 인기에 정적인 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 사회적 선호와 교사 선호는 지각된 인기에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 친사회성과 지각된 인기의 관계에서 교사 선호의 매개효과가 나타난 반면 공격성과 지각된 인기의 관계에서는 교사 선호의 매개효과가 나타나지 않았다. 넷째, 사회적 선호는 공격성과 친사회성이 지각된 인기와 가지는 관계를 모두 매개하였다. 본 연구결과는 전이시기인 초등학교 1학년 아동의 지각된 인기에 미치는 영향에 대해 사회적 참조자로서 또래와 교사의 역할을 심도 있게 논의하였다는데 그 의의가 있다.

Purpose - Present research aimed at identifying the effects of ambient pride type on judgement difference between existing preference and final preference formed after being exposed to the preference inconsistent information from others representing a conflict between consumer’s own perspective and the others’ perspective. And this study also explored the roles of empathic concerns and motive type in the ambient pride type’s effects on the judgement difference. Research design, data, and methodology - 2(information type: consistent versus inconsistent) × 2(pride type: hubristic versus authentic) between-subjects design was employed. Data for empirical analysis were from 252 undergraduate students who participated in questionnaire survey. To verify hypotheses, Anova and regression analysis were used. Results - First, there was the judgement difference among the experimental groups. The difference was greater at the authentic pride group than at the hubristic pride group. And the difference was greater at the inconsistent information group than at the consistent information group. The interaction effect of pride type and information type was significant. Second, when consumers who had made their preference were exposed to the inconsistent information from other, those of the hubristic pride group showed more defense motive and less empathic concerns than those of the authentic pride group. And there were the mediation roles of the empathic concerns and the interaction roles of the motive type in the effects of pride type on the judgement difference. Third, the self validity did not affect the difference even that become increased by defense motive rather than accuracy motive. Conclusions - This research could advance the information processing theory related to pride type by exploring the effects of the pride type on judgement difference between existing preference and final preference formed by the inconsistent information from others, and by identifying the mediation roles of the empathic concerns and the interaction roles of the motive type in the effects of the pride type. In view of the results from current study, marketers should make efforts of inducing defense motive and developing and communicating the consistent information to persuade consumers under hubristic pride who have the belief that attributes of their brand are better than those of the competitors’ brand, and they also should conduct marketing acts by using the inconsistent information to persuade consumers under authentic pride who have the belief that attributes of the competitors’ brand are better than those of their brand.

The aim of our study was to provide a basic data for the development of a small greenhouse model suitable for urban farmers. The study analyzed installation inclination, positive and negative reasons for installation, location of installation, preferred crops in small greenhouses, plans for use of products, and expected effects by using small greenhouse. Positive opinion on small greenhouse installation was 80.4% of the survey respondents. The most positive reason for the installation of small greenhouses was fresh and safe food supply, and the negative reason was maintenance difficulties. The results obtained in our survey indicated that small greenhouses were more likely to be installed near the house, and urban farmers tended to grow organic leafy vegetables in soil. The expected benefits of small greenhouse operation were largely divided into ‘benefit for the improvement of the quality of life’ and ‘benefit for economic profits’, and expectation for the improvement of the quality of life was higher than economic benefit. As a result of the Likert 5-point scale analysis, ‘benefit for the improvement of the quality of life’ by using a small greenhouse was graded as high as 4.17∼4.60. On the other hand, the ‘benefit to economic profits’ was rated as low as 3.51∼4.14.

Purpose - The effect of regional culture has been acknowledged for decades. However, very little research takes it as an important issue in the medical tourism service decision process. This study focuses on regional culture to identify customers’ preference for medical tourism in the international environment. It is proposed that regional culture may work as an critical moderator in the international medical tourism destination choice process. Especially, the destination attributes may vary according to regional culture. Research design, data, and methodology - By the questionnaire survey, the sample is collected from 2,041 potential Chinese residents in different regions of China. Regression analysis is constructed to test the effect of regional culture on Chinese customers’ destination preference. Results - Results imply that regional culture plays a critical moderating role in the destination choice process. Results also indicate that destination attributes including medicine and travel characteristics are the important predictors of destination preference. Conclusions - This study provides the fundamental base to use regional culture as a descriptive variable for segmentation when establishing an effective marketing strategy. Furthermore, this research suggests that different strategies relied on destination attributes should be made to attract more Chinese customers for the development of medical tourism industry.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve last mile delivery capability and ensure customers’ satisfaction by approaching an analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and identifying criteria framework to determine locations of last mile delivery centre(LMDC). Research design, data, and methodology – Traffic congestion and emission policy in cities are barriers of last mile delivery in dense areas. The urban consolidation centre(UCC) cannot increase last mile delivery efficiency in dense cities because of their space and traffic limitation. In this paper, we develop a case to improve last mile delivery efficiency and to ensure customers’ satisfaction by concentrating on LMDC. In addition, AHP has been applied to identify criteria framework and determine LMDC locations. The weighted priorities are derived from parcel delivery industry experts and have been calculated using Expert Choice software. Results – The framework criteria have assisted decision makers to place LMDC in a dense area to enhance customer’s satisfaction with last mile delivery service. Conclusions – AHP has provided ranking framework criteria of LMDC potential for parcel delivery industry. The LMDC helps by improving last mile delivery efficiency to final destination amids conditions of CO2 emissions, traffic congestion, and pollution problems. It especially concerns delivery service activities when delivering parcels to customers rather than UCC.

캐릭터는 생략, 과장을 통한 인간적이고 감성적인 표현과 소비자에서 식상함을 해소하게 하는 독창적이고 차별화된 콘텐츠 중 하나이다. 최근에는 스마트기기의 메신저가 보편화되면서 디지털화 된 캐릭터가 큰 인기를 끌고 있다. 이중 대표적인 디지털 캐릭터가 이모티콘이다. 이모티콘이란 다양한 구성원들에 의한 커뮤니티 공간에서 알파벳이랑 문자 외에 소통을 위한 수단의 이미지를 말한다. 현대인이 이러한 이모티콘을 선호하는 이유는 보다 감성적인 표현이 가능하고 친근함을 표현할 수 있는 수단이기 때문이다. 국내에서 사용되고 있는 대표적인 이모티콘 중 하나가 카카오프렌즈와 라인프렌즈이다. 이러한 메신저 이모티콘은 해마다 판매가 증가하고 있으며 국내 뿐 만아니라 해외에서도 많은 인기를 끌고 있다. 이와 더불어 온라인 뿐 만아니라 오프라인 시장에서도 꾸준하게 판매가 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 개인 간의 효과적인 커뮤니케이션을 위해 이모티콘 캐릭터가 지닌 표현유형 별 선호도를 조사하고자 한다. 표현유형은 표현방법과 표현소재로 나누어 이모티콘 캐릭터를 조사하고자 한다. 그 결과 선호도가 높은 캐릭터는 동물을 소재로 하는 경우가 비율이 높았으며, 복숭아나 단무지처럼 의인화된 상품의 선호도가 그 다음으로 높게 나타났다. 하지만 사실적 인물와 과장된 동물은 낮은 비율을 보였는데 이는 인물이 주는 귀여움과 행동의 한계를 보여주기 때문이며 동물의 경우 너무 과장되게 하는 것도 선호도를 떨어뜨리는 요소임을 알 수 있다. 본 논문으로 인해 제시된 결과가 한국의 이모티콘 캐릭터 시장을 활성화시키는데 큰 도움이 되었으면 한다.

This study was conducted to suggest more effective ways to create successful ecological playgrounds. For this study, current status of ecological playgrounds, users’ satisfaction and preference were analyzed in July, 2016. A case study was done at Yangpyeong ecological playground, Umyeonsan ecological playground, and Gulponuri ecological playground. To detect current status, location suitability, naturality, eco-education playfulness, and rest･community were examined. Also, It examined users’ satisfaction by accessibility, rest･community facility and preference with programs. As a result, planting rate of native species compared to total species did not exceed maximum 45%. Distribution of educational guidance facilities compared to nature experience and play facilities was at least 62.5%. As a result of analyzing satisfaction and preferences on selected sites, users generally had above average level of satisfaction on a 5-point scale. By contrast, the satisfaction on rest facilities, including pergolas and benches was lower. So complementarity of rest and community was required. In case of preference about additional programs at ecological playgrounds, the average preference of taste focused programs was the lowest among programs focusing five senses. Hence, to boost participation and maximize effectiveness of ecological experience, more sensory educational programs should be considered, such as forest observation, smelling flowers focused on olfactory sense, and listening to sounds in forest focused on auditory sense. In additional facilities preference, users most wanted to supplement and add play rides, pergolas and benches. Users wanted to expand rest spaces and experience learning center on a similar level at every single selected site. This study focused on current status analysis of ecological playgrounds in the targeted places, satisfaction of users and preference survey. With ecological resource utilization program plans considering communities, corporations, and environment, it would be able to contribute to bigger creation effects.

본 연구는 전주한옥마을 관광객을 대상으로 독특성욕구에 따른 선호도와 구매의도에 미치는 구매 행동에 관한 연구를 토대로 전주한옥마을 음식관광의 방향을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 표본의 인구통 계학적 특성 중 전주한옥마을은 30대가 가장 많이 방문하며, 한 달 수입이 201만 원 이상인 관광객이 가장 많은 소비를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 가설 검증을 위해 회귀분석을 실시하였으며 유사성회피는 전통비빔밥의 선호도에 부정적인 영향관계를 보였으나 독특한 비빔밥의 선호도는 독창적선택과 비대 중적선택에 긍정적인 영향관계가 있음을 검증하였고, 독창적선택과 유사성회피는 독특한 비빔밥의 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향관계가 있음을 검증하였다. 전통비빔밥의 선호도는 전통비빔밥의 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향관계를 보였으며, 전통비빔밥의 선호도와 독특한 비빔밥의 선호도는 독특한 비빔밥의 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향관계가 있음을 검증하였다.

Humans are provided with a wide range of public benefits from ecosystems and agricultural ecosystems. But the establishment of the horticulture complex is a space that hampers the public ecosystem. Therefore, we have evaluated the creating landscape function of the horticulture complex and found improvement. A total of 20 landscape slides were used for the study. Korea-paddy field, Korea-vinyl greenhouse, Korea-glass greenhouse, Japan-vinyl greenhouse and Netherlands-glass greenhouse were selected as 4 slides. The evaluation used the AHP method and 10 adjectives Likert which compares 20 landscape slides. Four Korea-paddy fields were rated highly positive images. All 10 adjectives can be selected as representative images of production scenes. In most adjectives, four scenes of KVG1, KVG2, KVG3 and KVG4, which are the Korea-greenhouse scenes, were evaluated as negative images. Netherlands and Korea-glass greenhouse scenes and Japan-vinyl greenhouse scenes were generally positive images. In conclusion, it is confirmed that glass greenhouse scenery is higher than vinyl greenhouse scenery. And Japan and Netherlands scenery are higher and better than Korea. Therefore, JVG1 in Japan and NGG3 in the Netherlands were proposed to be set as landscape improvement targets.