PM10 samples were collected from July 2007 to Oct. 2007 at Gwaebopdong(inland area) and Dongsamdong (coastal area), in Busan. This paper investigates the contribution of emission sources to PM10 mass in Busan. Source apportionment results derived from the chemical mass balance(CMB) method. A source profiles applied in this study is organized to minimize the collinearity among sources type via statistical method. Source profiles applied in this study utilized a measured value of fine particle directly sampled from metropolitan area such as Seoul and Incheon, After a CMB modeling, sulfate and nitrate related sources among those contributing to PM10 in Busan showed high contribution by 36.53% in Gwaebopdong and 42.02% in Dongsamdong.

Feathers are produced in huge quantities as a waste product at commercial poultry processing plants. Since feathers are almost pure keratin protein, feather wastes represent an alternative to more expensive dietary ingredients for animal feedstuffs. Generally they become feather meal used as animal feed after undergoing physical and chemical treatments. These processes require significant energy and also cause environmental pollutions. Therefore, biodegradation of feather by microorganisms represents an alternative method to prevent environment contamination. The aim of this study was to investigate cultural conditions affecting keratinolytic protease production by Bacillus pumilus RS7. We also assessed the nutritive value of microbial and alkaline feather hydrolysates. The composition of optimal medium for the keratinolytic protease was fructose 0.05%, yeast extract 0.3%, NaCl 0.05%, K2HPO4 0.03%, KH2PO4 0.04% and MgCl2ㆍ6H2O 0.01%, respectively. The optimal temperature and initial pH was 30℃ and 9.0, respectively. The keratinolytic protease production under optimal condition reached a maximum after 18 h of cultivation. Total amino acid content of feather hydrolysates treated by NaOH and B. pumilius RS7 was 113.8 ㎍/ml and 504.9 ㎍/ml, respectively. Essential amino acid content of feather hydrolysates treated by NaOH and B. pumilius RS7 was 47.2 ㎍/ml and 334.0 ㎍/ml, respectively. Thus, feather hydrolysates have the potential for utilization as an ingredient in animal feed.

This study was performed in 30 selected apartments in Seoul, Asan and Daegu area which were constructed within 4 years and over 4 years, to measure the concentration of VOCs(benzene, toluene, xylene) from July, 2004 to September. Mean ratios of indoor to outdoor VOCs concentrations in the construction under 4 years were higher in 1 than average, I/O ratio of over 4 years were lower in 1. This was considered that the VOCs density influences indoor pollutant. For the indoor air quality estimation, the deposition constant and the source strength factor of toluene were 1.49±2.05 hr-1 and 36.95±52.26 ppb/h, respectively.

In this paper, we present a Sound Source Localization (SSL) based GCC (Generalized Cross Correlation)–PHAT (Phase Transform) and new measurement method of angle with robot auditory system for a network-based intelligent service robot. The main goal of this paper is to analysis performance of TDOA and GCC-PHAT sound source localization method and new angle measurement method is compared. We use GCC-PHAT for measuring time delays between several microphones. And sound source location is calculated by using time delays and new measurement method of angle. The robot platform used in this work is wever-R2, which is a network-based intelligent service robot developed at Intelligent Robot Research Division in ETRI.

The air pollutant emission is mainly caused by line sources in urban area. For example, the annually totaled air pollutant emission is known to consist of about 80% of line sources in Daegu. Hence, the appropriate assessment on the air pollutants of line sources is very important for the atmospheric environmental management in urban area. In this study, we made a comparative study to evaluate suitable dispersion model for estimating the air pollution from line sources. Two air pollution dispersion models, ISCST3 and CALINE4 were the subject of this study. The results were as follows; In the assessment of air pollution model, ISCST3 was found to have 4 times higher concentration than CALINE4. In addition, actual data obtained by measurement and estimated values by CALINE4 were generally identical. The air pollution assessment based on ISC3 model produced significantly lower values than actual data. The air pollution levels estimated by ISCST3 were very low in comparison with the observational values.

수로가 시작되는 지점의 정확한 위치를 찾는 것은 구릉지 사면상의 물의 동적거동으로 인하여 매우 어렵다. 이러한 목적을 위하여, 김주철과 김재한(2007)은 DEM을 이용한 경사와 면적 사이의 규모에 따른 거동특성에 따라 실제 유역내 수로망을 제시한 바 있다. 본 연구는 이들의 연구 성과의 연장으로서, 배수밀도와 수원유역의 기하학적 특성을 기반으로 하여 DEM으로부터 동정된 가설수로망의 신뢰성을 평가하여 보았다. 그 결과 경사-면적한계기준에 의한 가설수로

카올리나이트 KGa-1b (표준 점토)의 인산염 흡착 특성을 규명하기 위하여 벳치(batch) 흡착 실험을 실시하였다. 인의 함량은 UV 분광분석기를 시용하여 측정하였으며, 이 때 파장은 820 nm를 이용하였다. 반응 시간을 달리하면서 실험한 결과 카올리나이트의 인산염 흡착 반응 중 매우 빠른 반응은 0~12시간 사이에서 발생하며, 12시간 이후에는 천천히 일어나는 반응이 일어나는 것으로 판단된다. 인산염 용액과 반응하는 카올리나이트의 양이 0.25 g에서 0.50 g을 거쳐 1.0 g으로 증가함에 따라 흡착률은 대체로 증가하는 경향을 보인다. 회전하는 교반기를 사용하였을 경우, 회전하지 않는 교반기를 사용할 때에 비하여 흡착률이 약 11~15% 정도 증가하였다. 배경전해질 KCl의 농도가 0.01M~0.1M 사이에서는 농도 변화가 흡착에 거의 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 보아, 인산염은 내부권 복합체로 존재하는 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 농도가 1.0 M로 증가할 때 흡착량이 감소하는데, 이것은 외부권 복합체로도 존재 가능함을 시사하고 있다. pH가 증가하면 대체적으로 인산염의 흡착량은 감소하는 경향을 나타내고 있으며, 카올리나이트 KGa-1b를 이용한 인산염 흡착은 랑미어 흡착등온선에 더욱 잘 부합하는 경향을 보여주고 있다.

Indoor air quality is the dominant contributor to total personal exposure because most people spend a majority of their time indoors. Especially when indoor environments have sources of contaminants, exposure to indoor air can potentially pose a greater threat than exposure to ambient air. In this study, estimations of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde emission rate in indoor environments of new apartments were carried out using mass balance model in indoor environment, because indoor air quality can be affected by source generation, outdoor air level, ventilation, decay by reaction, temperature, humidity, mixing condition and so on. Considering the estimated emission rate of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde, it is suggested that new apartment should be designed and constructed in the aspect of using construction materials to emit low hazardous air pollutants.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of drought stress during the pod developing and seed filling stage on source-sink relationships of soybean (Glycine max). Drought treatments were imposed by withholding water at the full-pod stage, 19 days after flowering, and then limited watering was relieved at 15 days after the initiation of drought treatment. Soybean seed yield was reduced by 39% mainly due to decreased pod number under drought stress, but the 100-seed weight was relatively less reduced. In spite of the 15-day drought during the full-pod stage, soybean produced good seeds showing similar l00-seed weight, protein, starch and soluble sugar content to those from the well-watered. Although drought during the full-pod stage caused source limitations; i.e. accelerated leaf senescence and reduced leaf soluble sugars, it did not cause limitations of other source characteristics such as SGR and leaf starch level. This is because the reduction in size of sinks, such as pod and seed abortions compensated for source limitations, resulting in balanced source-sink as expressed by LAR and the ratio of leaf area to seed dry weight. Drought stress during the pod developing and seed filling stage did not disrupt the source-sink balance

단백질원으로 참치자숙액 1, 3, 5%를 원료에 첨가하여 고추장을 제조한 후 이화학적변화를 측정하였다. 숙성 중 고추장의 pH는 참치자숙액 첨가량에 관계없이 감소하였고, 적정산도는 증가하였다. 숙성 30일 후 아미노태질소 함량은 대조구 171.59 mg%에서 참치자숙액 5% 첨가의 경우 191.10 mg%로 증가한 후 감소하였다. 환원당 함량은 모든 시료에 있어서 숙성 30일에 최대치를 보였다가 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 대조구에 비해 참치자숙액을

The runoff characteristics of non-point source pollutions in the municipal area of Jeonju were investigated and analyzed by using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model). The flow rates and water qualities of runoff from two types of drainage conduits were measured respectively. One was a conventional combined sewer system and the other was a separated sewer system constructed recently. From August to November in 2004, investigations on two rainfall events were performed and flow rate, pH, BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were measured. These data were also used for model calibration. On the basis of the measured data and the simulation results by SWMM, it is reported that 80-90% of pollution load is discharged in the early-stage storm runoff. Therefore, initial 10-30 mm of rainfall should be controlled effectively for the optimal treatment of non-point source pollution in urban area. Also, it was shown that the SWMM model was suitable for the management of non-point source pollution in the urban area and for the analysis of runoff characteristics of pollutant loads.

The present study investigated runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants and discharge load amount according to the land utilization in Yeinam river basin. The land utilization of target basin was divided into paddy field, dry field, forest, residential area and composition area. The study on the runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants by rainfall-runoff process showed that COD, SS and T-P had the first-flushing effect with relatively high concentration in early-stage of the rainfall-runoff process, but the T-P revealed similar runoff characteristics. Event Mean Concentration(EMC) of BOD and COD according to the land utilization revealed the range of 3.11～15.50mg/L and 3.37～33.42mg/L, and the highest concentration of EMC corresponding to BOD and COD was detected in the paddy field. The EMC of SS showed 1.7～305.02mg/L and it's highest concentration was found in the dry field. The EMC of T-N and T-P represented the highest concentration in the paddy field and dry field with range of 0.91～8.76mg/L and 0.02～0.44mg/L.

강우에 따른 토사유실은 호소내 저수용량 감소 및 탁수 등의 수질오염을 유발하기 때문에 유역관리 측면에서 중요한 인자가 된다. 최근 GIS를 활용한 토사유실평가 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 토사유실 원인지역에 대한 검토는 고려하지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GIS 기반 토사유실모델을 활용하여 임하호 유역의 토사유실량을 산정하였으며, SPOT 5 고해상도 위성영상과 토지피복도 자료를 활용하여 토사유실원인지역을 검토하였다. 분석결과 토사유실이 높게 나타나는 지역

Indoor air quality has been addressed as an important atmospheric environmental issue and has caught attention of the public in recent years in Korea. Good indoor air quality in classrooms favour student's learning ability, teacher and staff's productivity according to other studies. In this study, each classroom at four different schools was chosen for comparison of indoor and outdoor air quality by means of source generation types such as new constructed classroom, using of cleaning agents and purchased furniture. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), carbon dioxide (CO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and particulate matter with diameter less than 10 ㎛ (PM10) were monitored at indoor and outdoor locations during lesson. HCHO was found to be the worst among parameters measured in new constructed classroom, HCHO and TVOCs was worst in classroom with new purchased furniture, and TVOCs was worst in classroom cleaned by cleaning agents. Indoor CO2 concentrations often exceeded 1500 ppm indicating importance of ventilation. Active activity of students during break time made the PM10 concentration higher than a lesson. Improvements and further researches should be carried out considering indoor air quality at schools is of special concern since children and students are susceptible to poor air quality.

In recent days, photochemical smog due to the rapid industry development and vehicle increasement has become a critical pollutant in the metropolitan area and the number of ozone alarm signal has increased every year. This research was performed to evaluate VOCs emission source characteristics and concentration of VOCs in Daegu. The site average concentration was observed in the following order : industrial area > commercial area > residential area. Most of the VOCs species except toluene showed variations with higher concentration during nighttime, and lower concentration during the daytime. The major VOCs of stationary emission source were BTEX(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) and methylene chloride, trichloroethene and styrene. Also, those of automobile exhaust were toluene and benzene. Also, the major VOCs concentration emited by the vehicle fuel was observed in the following order : gasoline > light oil > liquefied petroleum gas (L.P.G). Correlation coefficients values were estimated between major VOCs such as toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene. Results showed that correlation coefficient values were significant magnitude above 0.76. Also, there showed highly significant correlations among ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene concentration(Pearson correlation coefficients, r= 0.868～0.982). Calculated correlation coefficients among commercial area, industrial area and residential area were 0.934～0.981, they showed high correlation. There showed highly correlation between stationary emission source and industrial area, compared with commercial area and residential area. Also, calculated correlation coefficients among commercial area, industrial area, residential area and automobile exhaust were 0.732, 0.725, 0.777, respectively.

페페로미아, 싱고니움, 파키라, 유성크로톤 등 4종의 실내식물에 대한 적합한 광원 및 적정광도에 관한 형태적 요소 및 식물체내의 반응을 실험한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 페페로미아의 경우 자연광, 형광등 모두 500lux이상에서 생육과 생장이 가능한 것으로 나타났고 형광등보다 자연광 하에서 더 원할한 생육 및 생장상태를 보였다. 또한 동일광원일 경우 광도가 높을수록 생장율이 높게 나타났으나 형광등의 경우 500lux보다 1,000lux～2,000lux에서 엽수의 출현은 더 많았지만 엽색의 황변화가 많아 오히려 광도가 높을수록 관상가치가 저하됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 유입되는 자연광의 광도가 500lux이하인 실내조경공간에 페페로미아를 식재할 경우 원할한 생장을 위하여 보조광원으로써 인공광 설치가 요구되지만 형광등을 도입할 경우 광도를 500lux이상 높이는 것은 오히려 비효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 싱고니움도 자연광 500lux이상에서 원할한 생장을 보이지만 자연광 100lux에서도 생육은 어느정도 가능하여 공시식물 중 저광도에 적응력이 우세함을 알 수 있었다. 형광등 설치시 생장율은 높게 나타나지만 전체적인 형태가 흐트러져 페페로미아와 마찬가지로 형광등 도입시 관상가치 및 관리비용을 고려해 볼 때 500lux이하에서 보조광원으로써 활용하는 것이 효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 파키라의 경우 자연광에 있어서 1,000lux에서도 원할한 생장을 보이지 않아지만 형광등 하에서 100lux에서도 생육이 가능하고 500lux이상에서 원할한 생장을 보여 다른 공시식물보다 보조광원으로써 형광등 설치요구도가 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 형광등 2,000lux에서 가장 원할한 생장을 보여 광도가 높을수록 생육 및 생장이 좋음을 파악할 수 있었다. 넷째, 유성크로톤의 경우, 형태적 특성과 식물체내의 변화량을 볼 때 형광등이 자연광보다 적합한 광원임을 알 수 있었고 적정광도 범위는 자연광과 형광등 간의 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었는데, 자연광 하에서는 1,000lux～2,000lux, 형광등 하에서는 500lux～2,000lux로 파악되었고 최적광도는 형광등 2,000lux 임을 알 수 있었다. 이상 공시식물에 있어 광원별로 살펴볼 때, 페페로미아와 싱고니움은 외관상 관상가치나 식물체내의 활성에 있어서 자연광에서 양호한 생육상태를 보인 반면 파키라와 유성크로톤은 형광등 하에서 좋은 생육상태를 보여 식물에 따라 적합한 광원이 다름을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 전반적으로 동일광원일 경우 광도가 높을수록 생장율이 높고 생육상태가 좋은 것으로 나타났으나 공시식물에 따라 적정광도범위 및 최적광도는 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 실내조경공간으로의 인공광 설치시 식물에 따른 생육적 특성을 고려하여 광환경을 조성해 주는 것이 바람직함을 확인할 수 있었다.본 연구는 실험여건상 현재 실내조경공간에 가장 많이 도입되고 있는 실내식물을 한정적으로 도입하여 형광등과 광도에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다. 향후 보다 많은 실내식물에 대한 광환경에 대한 활발한 연구가 이루어져야할 것으로 판단된다.