The optical wide-field patrol network (OWL-Net) is a Korean optical surveillance system that tracks and monitors domestic satellites. In this study, a batch least squares algorithm was developed for optical measurements and verified by Monte Carlo simulation and covariance analysis. Potential error sources of OWL-Net, such as noise, bias, and clock errors, were analyzed. There is a linear relation between the estimation accuracy and the noise level, and the accuracy significantly depends on the declination bias. In addition, the time-tagging error significantly degrades the observation accuracy, while the time-synchronization offset corresponds to the orbital motion. The Cartesian state vector and measurement bias were determined using the OWL-Net tracking data of the KOMPSAT-1 and Cryosat-2 satellites. The comparison with known orbital information based on two-line elements (TLE) and the consolidated prediction format (CPF) shows that the orbit determination accuracy is similar to that of TLE. Furthermore, the precision and accuracy of OWL-Net observation data were determined to be tens of arcsec and sub-degree level, respectively.

A monitoring system for a field magnetometer was configured with assistance of a Raspberry Pi as a data logger. The suggested geomagnetic system uses a semi-real-time data transmission module. The system consists of two parts: a field-observation part and a data-center part. The field-observation part comprises a Raspberry Pi, magnetometer, LTE router, and power source, while the data center part takes samples at the site. The collected magnetometer data are then sent to the data center through the LTE router. The newly designed monitoring system was deployed and checked in Jeju-do island, and found to operate stably. The suggested system is promising in that it is simple and cost saving, providing at least physical insight and knowledge on the complex natural phenomena.

As described in the previous paper (Park et al. 2013), the detector subsystem of optical wide-field patrol (OWL) provides many observational data points of a single artificial satellite or space debris in the form of small streaks, using a chopper system and a time tagger. The position and the corresponding time data are matched assuming that the length of a streak on the CCD frame is proportional to the time duration of the exposure during which the chopper blades do not obscure the CCD window. In the previous study, however, the length was measured using the diagonal of the rectangle of the image area containing the streak; the results were quite ambiguous and inaccurate, allowing possible matching error of positions and time data. Furthermore, because only one (position, time) data point is created from one streak, the efficiency of the observation decreases. To define the length of a streak correctly, it is important to locate the endpoints of a streak. In this paper, a method using a differential convolution mask pattern is tested. This method can be used to obtain the positions where the pixel values are changed sharply. These endpoints can be regarded as directly detected positional data, and the number of data points is doubled by this result.

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm of the guidance line extraction for autonomous agricultural robot based on vision camera in paddy field. It is the important process for guidance line extraction which finds the central point or area of rice row. We are trying to use the central region data of crop that the direction of rice leaves have convergence to central area of rice row in order to improve accuracy of the guidance line. The guidance line is extracted from the intersection points of extended virtual lines using the modified robust regression. The extended virtual lines are represented as the extended line from each segmented straight line created on the edges of the rice plants in the image using the Hough transform. We also have verified an accuracy of the proposed algorithm by experiments in the real wet paddy.

An algorithm to automatically extract coordinate and time information from optical observation data of geostationary orbit satellites (GEO satellites) or geosynchronous orbit satellites (GOS satellites) is developed. The optical wide-field patrol system is capable of automatic observation using a pre-arranged schedule. Therefore, if this type of automatic analysis algorithm is available, daily unmanned monitoring of GEO satellites can be possible. For data acquisition for development, the COMS1 satellite was observed with 1-s exposure time and 1-m interval. The images were grouped and processed in terms of “action”, and each action was composed of six or nine successive images. First, a reference image with the best quality in one action was selected. Next, the rest of the images in the action were geometrically transformed to fit in the horizontal coordinate system (expressed in azimuthal angle and elevation) of the reference image. Then, these images were median-combined to retain only the possible non-moving GEO candidates. By reverting the coordinate transformation of the positions of these GEO satellite candidates, the final coordinates could be calculated.

Linear and nonlinear models are available to simulate the effect of mine blasting and the results change by each model. Linear model can properly simulate loss of impact wave in plastic failure region based on comparison of site vibration measurement and numerical analysis iteratively. But, loss of impact wave in plastic failure region should be calibrated into input parameter of blasting pressure. A method to convert loss of impact wave into design parameter is suggested in this study.

With the increase in damage by typhoon, localized heavy rain and flash flood, there is active research on the application of radar rainfall data. The ability to indicate spatial rainfall distribution and variability in rainfall in ungaged basin is beneficial for disaster prevention and for hydrology field. But hands-on staff and researchers in the field of hydrology and disaster prevention, who first use radar data, experience trials and errors converting radar data in an UF format and calibrating radar data using gauge rainfall, and have a lot of difficulties until they use radar data. Accordingly, this study developed a program for analysis and calibration of radar data and reviewed the applicability in order to satisfy the need of tool to use radar data more easily and accurately. The program consists of configuration, execution, radar data display(PPI/CAPPI) and radar data calibration.In this study, data produced by the developed program was directly applied to the rainfall-runoff model, and the result was compared and was considered to verify the applicability of the program. As a result, using the program reduced the time required for constructing data and analyzing basins, and it is thought that this program will be helpful providing that flash flood and urban flood are brought about in a short time. Furthermore, it can be used in predicting and forecasting flood in the field of hydrology and disaster prevention by expanding the program for rainfall forecast data in the future

The detector subsystem of the Optical Wide-field Patrol (OWL) network efficiently acquires the position and time information of moving objects such as artificial satellites through its chopper system, which consists of 4 blades in front of the CCD camera. Using this system, it is possible to get more position data with the same exposure time by changing the streaks of the moving objects into many pieces with the fast rotating blades during sidereal tracking. At the same time, the time data from the rotating chopper can be acquired by the time tagger connected to the photo diode. To analyze the orbits of the targets detected in the image data of such a system, a sequential procedure of determining the positions of separated streak lines was developed that involved calculating the World Coordinate System (WCS) solution to transform the positions into equatorial coordinate systems, and finally combining the time log records from the time tagger with the transformed position data. We introduce this procedure and the preliminary results of the application of this procedure to the test observation images.

노후화 된 구조물이 증가하고 장대교량, 초고층 빌딩과 같이 고성능, 고부가가치의 구조물이 증가함에 따라 이에 대한 구조물의 유지관리의 중요성이 점차 증가하고 있다. 구조물의 유지관리를 위해 구조물의 가속도, 변위, 변형률, 응력 등의 거동을 계측하기 위한 다양한 계측 기술이 적용되고 있다. 여러 거동 데이터 중 구조 건전도 평가를 위한 변위 계측에 대한 중요성은 많은 연구자들에 의해 강조되고 있지만, 구조물의 변위를 계측하는 것은 다른 거동 데이터의 계측에 비해 현재 많은 비용이 소모되고 있으며, 계측 또한 용이하지 않다. 이와 같은 이유로 실제 구조물에서는 변위 계측 개소에 제약이 있기 때문에 계측된 변위만을 이용한 구조물의 형상 관리에는 한계가 있다. 이런 한계를 극복하고자 본 연구에서는 운영 중인 구조물에서의 최소 계측 개소의 변위를 이용하여 변위 계측 지점 외 변위를 추정함으로써 구조물의 전체 형상을 추정하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 개발된 알고리즘을 이용하여 많은 연구자들이 구조물 형상 추정을 위해 사용한 보간법과 형상 추정 정밀도 비교 연구를 통해 보간법보다 적은 계측 개소의 변위 데이터로 정밀한 형상을 안정적으로 추정하였다. 또한 2경간 연속교, 2경간 트러스교 수치해석 모델을 대상으로 대표 휨모드 형상을 선정하여 변위 계측 개소와 알고리즘의 기저형상 함수에 따른 형상 추정 정밀도 분석 연구를 수행하였다.

일반적으로 우리나라는 지진의 위험대에서 벗어나 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 한반도는 지진대 경계로부터 아주 멀리 떨어진 지역에 위치하고 있기 때문에 판경계(Interplate)지역의 대형 지진보다는 규모와 발생빈도 면에서 약한 판내부(Intraplate)지진이 대부분이다. 하지만 지진은 장기적으로 볼 때, 지구상에서 지진이 발생하지 않는 지역은 없다. 급속한 경제성장으로 늘어난 대규모 도시 및 주요 구조물들의 밀집은 지진재해의 피해를 증가 시킬 수 있기 때문에 국내 발생 지진들의 적합한 내진설계 기준을 설정해야한다. 현재는 지진에 대해 큰 피해를 받고 있는 것은 아니지만, 앞으로 다가올 수 있는 지진재해에 대비하기 위한 활발한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 자유장 지진가속도 계측자료의 활용방안을 통해 국가지진재해도 재·개정 연구, 지반동적특성 연구, 내진설계 변수 검증에 관한 연구에 이용될 수 있는 활용도를 높이려고 하였다. 활용방안 연구 결과를 토대로 국내 실정에 적합한 지진가속도 통합 시스템을 운영하고 계측된 자유장 지진가속도 데이터 분석 및 정보제공 방안을 제시하여 활용하고자 하였다. 자유장 지진가속도 계측신호의 주요 활용 방안으로는 1. 지진 발생시 전국 주요 관측소의 PGA 등고선도 및 응답스펙트럼 작성을 제안하였다. 관측소별 최대지반가속도값을 이용한 한반도 등고선도를 작성하여 지진피해에 대한 가시적인 예측을 함으로써 지진피해예측 및 피해저감에 대해 활용하고자 한다. 2. 각 관측소의 가속도데이터 분석을 통해 지반증폭률 산정 및 지반정보 제공을 목적으로 지진 가속도 신호의 H/V비를 활용하여 지반에 의해 증폭된 주파수 대역도출을 제안하였다. 현재 국내에서 구조물에 적용하고 있는 내진기준은 국내 관측소에서 실제 기록된 지반진동을 처리하여 얻어진 지반증폭특성을 나타내는 지진응답을 비교할 경우 단주기 및 장주기대역의 특성 값에서 많은 차이를 보여주고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 이를 보완하기 위해 한반도에 부지고유특성을 도출하여 국내에 적합한 내진설계기준을 만들어야 한다. 3. 국가지진재해도 재·개정 연구 위해 필요한 가속도 지배방정식 변수 검증에 활용을 제안하였다. 국내의 경우 가속도계 지진 관측망이 확대되어 지진학 및 지진공학적 분야에서의 연구가 활발한 상태이다. 기존 지진재해도의 불확실성 개선 및 최신 내진설계기준의 적용을 위해 국가지진재해도의 재·개정이 필요하다. 또한 지반(자유장)에서 계측된 지진가속도를 통해 지진원 특성 분석 및 지진파 전파 특성 활용사례를 정리하고 자유장 지진가속도 계측신호의 체계화를 통한 내진설계 등의 기초자료 확보를 위한 연구를 수행하였다.

In an effort to examine the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS ver. 4.3) to the initial meteorological input data, detailed observational data of NOAA satellite SST (Sea Surface Temperature) was employed. The NOAA satellite SST which is currently provided daily as a seven-day mean value with resolution of 0.1 o grid spacing was used instead of the climatologically derived monthly mean SST using in RAMS. In addition, the RAMS SST data must be changed new one because it was constructed in 1993. For more realistic initial meteorological fields, the NOAA satellite SST was incorporated into the RAMS-preprocess package named ISentropic ANalysis package (ISAN). When the NOAA SST data was imposed to the initial condition of prognostic RAMS model, the resultant performance of near surface atmospheric fields was discussed and compared with that of default option of SST. We got the good results that the new SST data was made in a standard RAMS format and showed the detailed variation of SST. As the modeling grid became smaller, the SST differences of the NOAA SST run and the RAMS SST43 (default) run in diurnal variation were very minor but this research can apply to further study for the realistic SST situation and the development in predicting regional atmospheric field which imply the regional circulation due to differential surface heating between sea and land or climatological phenomenon.

본 연구에서는 현장에서 실측된 유량 및 수위로부터 산정된 조도계수의 오차를 분석하고 그 타당성과 한계를 검토하였다. 자연 하천흐름을 등류로 가정하여 산정된 조도계수는 저유량 규모에서 부등류로 계산된 조도계수와 큰 차이를 나타내었으며, 이는 속도수두의 차이보다 평균 단면적, 동수반경 등 단면정보에 크게 영향을 받았다. 상대적으로 긴 구간에서 홍수량 규모의 평균 조도계수 산정에서는 구간 상하류만의 수위 자료를 이용하여 조도계수를 산정하는 수정 Newton-

환경노출로부터 야기되는 콘크리트 열화 중에서, 도심지 및 지하구조물의 탄산화에 대한 문제가 증가되고 있다. 그러나 현재 국내 콘크리트 구조물의 탄산화 예측에 사용되는 예측식은 국내 콘크리트 구조물의 노출환경을 고려하지 않고 기존 외국의 문헌에 수록되어 있는 예측식을 직접적으로 사용하여 오차를 수반하게 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 국내에서 시공되는 콘크리트 구조물의 노출환경에 따라 탄산화 깊이를 예측할 수 탄산화 예측식을 제안하는데 있다. 이를 위해, 기존 탄산화 예측식을 분석하였으며, 국내에서 광범위하게 시공된 콘크리트 구조물에 대한 실태조사자료를 이용하여 콘크리트 구조물의 노출환경을 고려한 보정계수를 도출하였다. 최종적으로 보정계수를 강도의 함수로 구현하여 국내의 대표적인 콘크리트 구조물의 노출환경에 따른 탄산화 예측식을 제안하였다.

The purpose of this research is development of radar data assimilation observed at Jindo S-band radar. The accurate observational data assimilation system is one of the important factors to meteorological numerical prediction of the region scale. Diagnostic analysis system LAPS(Local Analysis and Prediction System) developed by US FSL(Forecast Systems Laboratory) is adopted assimilation system of the Honam district forecasting system. The LAPS system was adjusted in calculation environment in the Honam district. And the improvement in the predictability by the application of the LAPS system was confirmed by the experiment applied to Honam district local severe rain case of generating 22 July 2003. The results are as follows: 1) Precipitation amounts of Gwangju is strong associated with the strong in lower level from analysis of aerological data. This indicated the circulation field especially, 850 hPa layer, acts important role to precipitation in Homan area. 2) Wind in coastal area tends to be stronger than inland area and radar data show the strong wind in conversions zone around front. 3) Radar data assimilation make the precipitation area be extended and maximum amount of precipitation be smaller. 4) In respect to contribution rate of different height wind field on precipitation variation, radar data assimilation of upper level is smaller than that of lower level.

A least-square regression analysis is applied for the estimation of velocity streamfunction field based on discretely sampled current meter data. The coefficients of a streamfunction that is expanded in terms of trigonometric basis function are obtained by enforcing the horizontal non-divergence of two-dimensional flow field. This method avoids interpolation and gives a root-mean-square (rms) residual of fit which includes the divergent part and noisiness of oceanic data. The implementation of the method is done by employing a boundaryfitted, curvilinear orthogonal coordinate which facilitates the specification of boundary conditions. An application is successfully made to the Texas-Louisiana shelf using the 32 months current meter data (31 moorings) observed as a part of the Texas-Louisiana Shelf and Transport Processes Study (LATEX). The rms residual of the fitting is relatively small for the shelf, which indicates the field is well represented by the streamfunction.

An objective method for the generation of velocity streamfunction is presented for dealing with discretely sampled oceanic data. The method treats a Poisson equation (forced by vorticity) derived from Helmholtz theorem in which streamfunction is obtained by isolating the non-divergent part of the two-dimensional flow field. With a mixed boundary condition and vorticity field estimated from observed field, the method is implemented over the Texas-Louisiana shelf based on the current meter data of the Texas-Louisiana Shelf Circulation and Transport Processes Study (LATEX) measured at 31 moorings for 32 months (April 1992 - November 1994). The resulting streamfunction pattern is quite consistent with observations. The streamfunction field by this method presents an opportunity to initialize and to verify computer models for local forecasts of environmental flow conditions for oil spill, nutrient and plankton transports as well as opportunity to understand shelf-wide low-frequency currents.