Hymenoptera is one of four largest orders of insects, with over 150,000 described species, 132 families, 27 superfamilies, and 2 suborders. There are currently about 3,000 hymenopteran species in 65 families and 20 superfamilies known in South Korea, of which the majority of the families have been studied while some of them are still poorly studied. The present overview on South Korean Hymenoptera aims to provide brief taxonomic history of the studies, a complete bibliography, a list of South Korean hymenopteran species, and information on South Korean hymenopterists for each taxon.

Aims: Using text mining techniques to investigate the understudied publication trend and thematic areas in the Confucius Business Ethics relating publications. Methods: Research articles which were published during 1999–2016, were searched in 10 business relating databases on April 9, 2017; resulting a total of 488 articles were included. The titles and abstracts were extracted for the text mining analysis using SAS Text Miner, themes were identified by the Text Topic Node. Publication trend, clustering and associations between themes were analyzed. Results: Eight groups of themes were identified. During 1999–2016, the appearance of the Themes “Confucius Leadership”, “Competitive Advantage”, “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)", and “Satisfaction and Health” was continuously increasing; meanwhile, research relating to “Chinese Economy” was continuously decreasing; there was a fluctuation trend in that of “Global Ethics”, “Moral and Human Right”, and “Asian Studies”. In the cluster analysis, three main clusters of themes were classified: “Ethics and Leadership”, “Competition and Economy in Asia”, and “CSR and Satisfaction”. Besides, the appearance of “Confucius Leadership” and “Global Ethics”, “Confucius Leadership” and “Moral & Human Right”, “Asia” and “Competitive Advantage”, and “Asia” and “CSR" was positively associated; whereas, that of “Global Ethics” and “China Economy” was negatively associated. Conclusion: The research of Confucius Business Ethics has been focusing on Eastern and Western cross-cultural business ethics, the Confucius ethics and CSR, which was associated with leadership, moral and human rights, in the Global and Asian environments. A call for future research in “Global Ethics” and “China Economy” were suggested.

The family Nolidae belongs to the superfamily Noctuoidea comprising about 1,800 described species of 186 genera in the world. In China, a total of 101 species, 45 genera were recorded in ‘Fauna Sinica’ Vol.16, (1999) and in case of Japan, 110 species, 42 genera have been recorded in ‘The Standard Moth of Japan Ⅱ’, (2011). In Korea, a taxonomic study of this family has been carried out by several reseachers: Fixsen (1887), Leech (1888), Inoue (1976, 1982), Oh (2001), Sohn et al (2005), Choi (2006, 2011). However the family Nolidae has rarely been studied in Korea. A total 45 species, 25 genera have been reported from Korea (NIBR, 2016). In the present study, We overviewed the family Nolidae, with illustrations of adults in each genus, add checklist.

2016년 지적재산고등재판소가 선고하고 동 재판소의 웹 사이트에 게재되어 있는 특허 심결취소 소송에 관한 판결의 개요를 보고한다. 본 보고는 2010년부터 계속된 보고의 2016년판이고, 2010 년판은 파텐토 64권 3월호에, 2011년판은 파텐 토 65권 6월호에, 2012년판은 파텐토 66권 9월 호에, 2013년판은 파텐토 67권 7월호에, 2014 년판은 파텐토 68권 8월호에, 2015년판은 파텐 토 69권 8월호에 각각 게재되었다. 당사자계(무효심판)에 관한 것을 목차 Ⅰ에서 소개하고(이노우에 일본변호사 담당), 사정계(거절사정불복심판)에 관한 것을 목차 Ⅱ에서 소개 한다(고바야시 일본변호사 담당).

Ecological communities have high variability with complex interactions between biological components as well as withtheir environmental factors. To characterize the properties of communities, much works used species diversity concerningtaxonomic richness. Meanwhile, functional diversity based on biological traits are frequently used in recent communitystudies. Functional diversity is the extent of functional differences among species, driving the relationship between biodiversityand ecosystem functioning. Therefore, understanding the relationship between species diversity and functional diversityis fundamental in community ecology as well as conservation biology. Many studies presented that biological traits areefficient to achieve a predictive framework for ecosystem functioning. In this study, we present the relationship betweenspecies diversity and functional diversity.

Introduction of invasive species into a new ecosystem may have various impacts such as including environmental harm,economic harm, or impact human health. After the establishment of population in a new area, a range of its habitat isexpanded. Hazard assessment for invasive species provides fundamental information for identifying current or future hazardouscondition, and it is important for the surveillance of pest occurrence as well as the development of control strategy. Itcan be also used for determining control areas and methods. Various approaches have been used in the hazard assessmentfor forest invasive species including statistical model, aerial approaches, and machine learning models. In this study, wepresent some approaches in the hazard assessment for forest pests including pine needle gall midge and pine wilt disease.

This study reviews concepts, theories and formulas included in standards on soil-structure interaction and also shows practical example of application for engineers. Real structures are 3 dimensional and multi degree of freedom but they are often idealized to single degree of freedom for convenience. In this study, detailed procedures to calculate soil spring constants and damping coefficients and method to model soil-structure system are explained. Additionally, case studies to judge fixed base condition and evaluation of applicability of simple analysis method based on response spectra are performed.

Chinese characters in Vietnam have a long history, more than one thousand years. This paper with three main parts is aimed at doing a research overview of Vietnam’s Chinese characters over the years. In the first part, the birth and the usage of Chinese characters will be presented through the analysis of formation circumstances as well as the historical position of the characters in Vietnam. In the second part, the paper will introduce the social, cultural and educational background, the unearthed literature and handed-down literature, and anonymous literature as well as the arrangement and the research of the characters over each period in the history. In the last part, the achievements and the failures of researches on Vietnam’s Chinese characters by far will be pointed out as the foundation of future researches, which are to improve the status of Chinese characters socially.

The recent updates of the North Ecliptic Pole deep (0.5 deg2, NEP-Deep) multi-wavelength survey covering from X-ray to radio-wave is presented. The NEP-Deep provides us with several thousands of 15 μm or 18 μm selected galaxies, which is the largest sample ever made at these wavelengths. A continuous filter coverage in the mid-infrared wavelength (7, 9, 11, 15, 18, and 24 μm) is unique and vital to diagnose the contributions from starbursts and AGNs in the galaxies out to z=2. The new goal of the project is to resolve the nature of the cosmic star formation history at the violent epoch (e.g. z=1{2), and to find a clue to understand its decline from z=1 to present universe by utilizing the unique power of the multiwavelength survey. The progress in this context is brie y mentioned.

A scientific and objective sound exposure criterion for underwater sound damage on fish has been required since there has been many disputes between an underwater sound maker and a fish damage receiver. The existing criteria are still incomplete scientifically owing to a degree of variability of underwater sounds, diversity of fish hearing sensitivity and damage types, etc. This study reviews existing studies on a hearing mechanism of fish species, manmade underwater sound characteristics and sound exposure assessment parameters, and recent sound exposure criteria. A governing equation for damage coverage estimation and damage coverage dependency on sound source level, ambient noise and transmission loss are also reviewed and interpreted based on sound exposure environments. The foreign and Korean (National Environmental Dispute Medication Commission) criteria are reviewed and compared based on scientific aspects. In addition, the deficit and limit of Korean criteria are presented. The objective of this study is to give a direction for related researches and legislation of sound exposure criteria on fish.

In efforts to characterize and understand the properties and processing of phenylethynylterminated imide (LaRC PETI-5, simply referred to as PETI-5) oligomers and polymers as a high-temperature sizing material for carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, PETI-5 imidization and thermal curing behaviors have been extensively investigated based on the phenylethynyl end-group reaction. These studies are reviewed here. In addition, the use of PETI-5 to enhance interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and a bismaleimide (BMI) matrix, as well as the dynamic mechanical properties of carbon/BMI composites, are discussed. Reports on the thermal expansion behavior of intercalated graphite flake, and the effects of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) on the properties of PETI-5 matrix composites are also reviewed. The dynamic mechanical and thermal properties and the electrical resistivity of xGnP/PETI-5 composites are characterized. The effect of liquid rubber amine-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (ATBN)-coated xGnP particles incorporated into epoxy resin on the toughness of xGnP/epoxy composites is examined in terms of its impact on Izod strength. This paper provides an extensive overview from fundamental studies on PETI-5 and xGnP, as well as applied studies on relevant composite materials.

Much attention has recently been given to quantify the environmental and social importance on agricultural water quality impacts by agricultural activities. The demands for relevant data collection and range expansion of environmental indexing has been also higher than ever. Therefore, this study organized past and current research on agricultural water quality standards by OECD and Korea to evaluate agricultural activities and their impacts on agri-environmental policy development. The agricultural water quality standard set by OECD shows different opinions countries by counties, so the status indicator has been chosen and implemented instead. Nitrate (NO3 -) status indicator of groundwater in 2013 was significantly improved compared with the one in 2007. In addition, the quality status of surface water and groundwater were improved. It is necessary to set up a cooperative system between policy division and research institute to organizationally take action to worldwide trend on agricultural water quality indexing.

Background: Parametric statistical procedures are typically conducted under the condition in which a sample distribution is statistically identical with its population. In reality, investigators use inferential statistics to estimate parameters based on the sample drawn because population distributions are unknown. The uncertainty of limited data from the sample such as lack of sample size may be a challenge in most rehabilitation studies. Objects: The purpose of this study is to review the bootstrapping method to overcome shortcomings of limited sample size in rehabilitation studies. Methods: Articles were reviewed. Results: Bootstrapping method is a statistical procedure that permits the iterative re-sampling with replacement from a sample when the population distribution is unknown. This statistical procedure is to enhance the representativeness of the population being studied and to determine estimates of the parameters when sample size are too limited to generalize the study outcome to target population. The bootstrapping method would overcome limitations such as type II error resulting from small sample sizes. An application on a typical data of a study represented how to deal with challenges of estimating a parameter from small sample size and enhance the uncertainty with optimal confidence intervals and levels. Conclusion: Bootstrapping method may be an effective statistical procedure reducing the standard error of population parameters under the condition requiring both acceptable confidence intervals and confidence level (i.e., p=.05).