This paper aims to find the characteristics of concentration distribution of coastal urban air pollutants. For this purpose, It was used the daily meteorological data and the hourly concentration data for O3 and NO2 in Busan metropolitan city from 1994 to 1996. It was investigated the annual and monthly distribution of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration at each site in Busan, and also investigated the characteristics of concentration change of air pollutants with time under the sea breeze. As a results, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and ozone tend to be increased every year and nitrogen dioxide concentration is higher than ozone concentration at all sites in Busan. The concentration of ozone is high in summer season and low in winter season, but the concentration of nitrogen dioxide have a reversed trend. The monthly peak concentration of ozone occurred in April and September, while the monthly minimum concentration of nitrogen dioxide occurred in August. Their trend were identified by sites near the coastline than sites stands apart from the coastline. The sea breeze occurred annual mean 81 day in Busan from 1994 to 1996. The main wind direction of sea breeze was classified into southwesterly and southeasterly. In case of southwesterly, It was pronounced the south wind and southwest wind. In case of southeasterly, the occurrence frequency of east wind was high. Especially, the concentrations of urban air pollutants, such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide, were high on time which the sea breeze flow, and the areas that ozone concentration was high moved from outside part to central part of city with time. In costal urban such as Busan, the wind direction of sea breeze is influenced the change of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration on time which the sea breeze flow at each site and also influenced the change of air pollutants concentration of sites on the pathway of sea breeze.

The urban pollution if affected by local environmental, so it is necessary to consider area characteristics such as emission source and meteorological phenomena, in studying urban air pollution. Ulsan is laocated on south-east coast and has many industrial facilities, so many people have concerned about air pollution. This study contain conducting numerical simulation of air pollutant concentration considered land and sea breeze in Ulsan area with the numerical model.

To investigate air quality away from the coastal urban source region, we used a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method which can describe the formation, transport, transformation and deposition processes in complex terrain. with inclusion of shipping sources that were considered to be important emission in the coastal urban region. The result of the Eulerian advection - diffusion prediction was quite similar to that of the Lagrangian particle diffusion prediction. It showed that pollutants emitted from piers can affect the part of inland, especially Dongrae and the coastal area. Those emitted from Sasang and Janglim industrial complexes can affect Hwamyeong and the coastal, respectively. During the daytime the concentration was low due to large deposition flux and terrain effect.

The atmospheric conditions and the transport mechanism of long-range transport of air pollutants from coastal area to inland area were investigated using regular meteorological data and air pollution data obtatined from the southeastern area of Korea. Daytime temperature over the inland area(Taegu) was higher than that over the coastal area(Pusan) and the temperature difference of about 5∼6℃ when the thermal low was most fully developed and the sea level pressure over Taegu was lower than that over Pusan by about 4∼5 hPa at that time. Therefore this low pressure appeared to the thermally induced low. Air mass polluted from the coastal area during the morning period was transported inland area, at first by the sea breeze and by the large scale wind system toward the thermal low generated in the mountainous inland region. This was explained by the fact that the concentration of air pollutants over Taegu increased throughtout the late afternoon.

We will calculate concentration of air pollutants using ISCST3, FDM and AERMOD of models recommended in U. S. EPA which are able to predict concentration of short term for point source, complex like industrial complex, power plant and burn-up institution. Before executing model, as analyzing computational result of many cases according to selecting of input data, we will increasing predictable ability of model in limit range of model. Especially, we analyzed three cases - case of considering various emission rate according to time scale and not, case considering effect of atmospheric pollution materials removed by physical process. In our study, after comparing and analyzing results of three model, we choose the atmospheric dispersion model reflected well the characteristic of the area. And we will investigate how large the complex pollutant sources such as industrial complex contribute to atmospheric environment and air quality of the surrounding the area as predicting and estimating chosen model.

The purpose of this study is providing basic data to control the air pollutants from solid waste incinerator. Incinerating the waste wood, the electrostatic precipitator had the best collection efficiency. The leather incineration had the same collection efficiency as synthetic resin incineration. And the coarse particle collection efficiency was high. As you know in correlation of leather incineration, pollutants produced a from incinerator are mostly fine particles. If the scrubber used only in the process produced a lot of fine particles. It is adequate to use the above control devices, together with high efficiency collector like bag-filter. To select the adequate control devices, it is required to investigate the size distribution before establishing control devices.

Air quality modeling about coastal urban region such as Pusan shoud be consider shipping source emmited from ships anchoraging and running. It has been proved at our previous studies that the ratios of air pollutants emission amount in coastal area to inland are 12.2% for NO2 and 11.7% for SO2 and the air quality of coastal urban area consierably counts on ships. Also the dispersion pattern of the air pollutants followed local circulation system in this region. Therefore this study has been developed air quality model which can describe the formation, transport, transformation and deposition processes of air pollutants considering shipping source. Currently, restriction for emission amount of ships does not exist, so our study will be useful to set the emission standard and for devising air quality policy in coastal urban region.

This study identified concentrations of air pollutants emitted from idling of vehicles such as cars, taxis, trucks, and buses. In this investigation we analyzed concentrations of SO2, NOx, CO, and CO2 emitted from exhaust pipe of vehicles as a function of vehicle type, mileage, exhaust volume, and fuel type using the GreenLine. Compact or light cars, which have relatively low exhaust volume, showed much higher exhaust concentrations of SO2, CO, and NOx than those emitted from vehicles with high exhaust volume. Vehicles using light oil showed much higher exhaust NOx concentrations than those of vehicles using gasoline. Vehicles using LPG and compact cars showed very high exhaust CO concentration compared to other vehicles. NOx exhaust concentrations were increased with increasing the mileage of vehicles.

This study is to find out the emission estimation in Kimhae area. For this purpose, the Kimhae statistical yearbook and data of waste facilities issued by Kimhae city and the report on energy census issued by the ministry of trade, industry and energy are used. Each item for the emission estimation is SO_2, CO, HC, NOx, TSP from point, line, area sources. The results were as follows; The air pollutants with the highest amount of emission from the emission sources is CO followed by NOx, SO_2, TSP, HC in descending order of magnitude. The emission consists of 66.15% of line, 24.65% of area and 9.20% of point sources at Kimhae.

To predict diffusion and movement of air pollutants in coastal urban region a numerical simulation shoud be consider atmospheric flow field with land-sea breeze, mountain-valley wind and urban effects. In this study we used Lagrangian particle dispersion method in the atmospheric flow field of Pusan coastal region to depict diffusion and movement of the pollutants emited from particular sources and employed two grid system, one for large scale calculating region with the coarse mesh grid (CMG) and the other for the small region with the fine mesh grid (FMG). It was found that the dispersion pattern of the pollutants followed local circulation system in coastal urban area and while air pollutants exhausted from Sasang moved into Baekyang and Jang moutain, air pollutants from Janglim moved into Hwameong-dong region.

In the Atmosphere under the various physical and chemical condition different chemical reactions occur and there are a number of air pollutants which are generated by photochemical reaction by absorbing solar energy. Therefor various testing simulation was done as foundation work to develop the numerical model for the prediction of concentration of air pollutants. It was shown change of major air pollutants concentration in according to variation of photodissociation speed constant, K_1 and initial condition of air pollutants concentration which plays major role in photochemical reaction. The photochemical reaction model which was used in this study is found to be useful for understanding relationship among the concentration of reacting air pollutants and the prediction of concentration of air pollutants in urban atmosphere

A numerical model has been developed to predict the deposition of air pollutants considering canopy effect. In this model, the deposition velocity is calculated using the deposition resistances(aerodynamic resistance, viscosity resistance, surface resistance). Using the results, a comparative study was made between the model calculation and observation results The calculated daily variation of deposition resistances and in daytime most of the model cases are well agreed with observation results, and a slight difference was found in nighttime. From the results, it is suggested that the present model is capable of estimating the deposition velocity of air pollutants considering characteristics of canopy layer.

The effects of reaction temperature, SO_2 and CO_2 concentration in an air gas stream, particle sizes of limestone on the reactivity and capacity of SO_2 removal have been determined in a thermogravimetric analyser(TGA). The apparent reaction order of sulfation reaction of pre-calcined lime(CaO) with respect to SO_2 is found to be close to unity. The apparent activation energies are found to be 17,000 ㎉/kmol for sulfation of pre-calcined lime and 19,500 ㎉/kmol for direct sulfation of limestone(CaCO_3). The initial sulfation reaction rate of pre-calcined lime increases with increasing temperature, whereas the sulfur capture capacity exhibits a maximum value at 900℃. In direct sulfation of limestone, sulfation reactivity and sulfur capature capacity of sorbent increase with increasing temperature and decreasing CO_2 concentration in a gas bulk stream. The main pore of pre-calcined lime is shifted to the larger pore sizes and pore volume decreases with increasing sulfation time and temperature. The surface area of lime decreases with increasing calcination temperature under an air atmosphere, whereas is rearly constant under a CO_2(5, 10%) atmosphere in a gas stream.

A predictive modal is demonstrated for gas removal rates from the atmosphere by dry deposition. Typical deposition velocities are complex functions of surface types, atmospheric stabilities, friction velocities, air pollutants, and so on. In this paper we simulated the calculation of dry deposition velocities near the earth surfaces, simultaneously we estimated real dry deposition velocities using the previous simulation. The measurement taken over a deciduous forest by Padro et al.(1988) were used to verify this model. In the comparison of the value of deposition velocity between numerical computation and observation, there are partially overestimations and underestimations between them, but we can speak that they are in a good accordance.

Meteorological parameters in the atmospheric boundary layer and the vertical and horizontal dispersion parameters were determined by analyzing the data obtained by the special upper-air observations of one clear day for each season from October 1991 to August 1992. The concentration of the atmospheric pollutants over Taegu was analyzed by using the application of the Gaussian diffusion model. In the diurnal variation of diffusion of atmospheric pollutants, vertical diffusion due to turbulence is active in daytime while horizontal diffusion due to wind is active in nighttime. The mean concentration of pollutants in the side of downwind is higher during the daytime than the nighttime. Thus, the height of the mixed-layer at the nighttime considered as the most important parameter of the mean concentration of pollutants. In the seasonal variation of diffusion of atmospheric pollutants, vertical diffusion due to strong solar radiation is active in summer case day, and horizontal diffusion due to strong wind is active in winter case day. In winter case day, the mean concentration of pollutants in the side of downwind is maximum in the daytime. However, in summer case day, that is maximum in the nighttime.

Dispersion characteristics of air pollutants in the mountainous coastal area are investigated in considering with the mesoscale local circulations using a two dimensional numerical model with two kinds of topograpy of 500m and 300m. In the model, land-sea breezes and mountain-valley wind are mainly considered under the condition of the absence of large scale prevailing flow in the circulation analysis, and the pollutants dispersion is traced by the Lagrangian methods. According to the results, the wind velocity is affected by topography and is stronger in the case of 500m height mountain than that of 300m, the pollutants that source is near the coast transported over the mountain and dispersed to behind inland area. It is classified that the topography change control affects the wind velocity and the circulations. The pollutants that source is different transported and concentrated to behind inland and/or diffused to the sea area by the combination of the wind system with topographic changes. The results can be applied to the air pollution control with the arrangement design of industrial area and the planning of coastal developments.