The contents of articles on nutrition in life cycle, health and disease in the Korean daily newspapers were analyzed for the evaluation of the trends in nutrition information in mass media. Among 922 articles pressed from January 1960 to June 1996, articles on nutrition in life cycle were most frequently appeared, which is followed by articles on nutrition in disease, health foods and other related food and nutrition informations. There was a deep contrast in that the proportion of articles on nutrition in life clyle decreased from 58% in the 60's to 33% in the 90's, and those of nutrition in disease, and health foods increased from 23% and 5% in 60's to 34% and 18% in 90's, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the important changes and the trends in Korean newspaper articles related to 1) food habits and food consumption patterns 2) nutrition, health and diseases 3) food safety and policy. The method used in this study was content analysis of the articles pressed in Donga ilbo and Choseun ilbo from January 1960 to June 1996. Among the total 1814 articles, those on nutrition, health and disease were 922 (50.8%), food safety and policy were 490 (27%) and food habits and consumption patterns were 402 (22.2%). The articles related to food habits and consumption patterns dealt with four contents, food habits reformation, changes in food consumption patterns, nutritional status and food habits. The frequencies of food habits content were highest (51.1%) and especially increased in 1980's and 1990's as the concerns on health and pursuit of convenience were increased. Most of contents related to food habits were health and longevity diet (44%) and eating out (27.5%). The percentile of food habits reformation, the changes in food consumption patterns and nutritional status were 20.1%, 18.4% and 10.0%, respectively. The contents of food habits reformation were most interested in 1960's when food shortage and poverty prevailed. Nowadays, the major subjects of food habits reformation were changed to the problem of wastage and the use of our agricultural foods. The frequencies of change in food consumption patterns were gradually increased from 1960's (7 item) to June 1996 (34 items). And the most of contents related to nutritional status were focused on suffering from food shortage especially in 1960's.

신문 용지용(用) 지료(紙料)의 조성조건(調成條件)에 따른 보류(保留)의 변화를 연구(硏究)한 결과 다음과 같은 사실을 알수가 있었다. 1. 온도(溫度)의 상승(上昇)에 따라 보류(保留)는 지료(紙料)의 종류 및 배합비(配合比)에 관계없이 감소(減少)하였으며 GP보다 DIP가 온도(溫度)변화에 민감(敏感)하였다. 2. pH변화에 따른 보류(保留)의 변화는 GP와 DIP 및 GP/DIP=50/50 모두 pH5에서 보류(保留)가 가장 높았으며 pH 5보다 높거나 낮으면 감소(減少)하였고 DIP가 GP보다 감소(減少)가 적었다. 3. Alum첨가(添加)에 따른 보류(保留)의 변화는 GP와 GP/DIP=50/50의 경우 2% 첨가(添加)에서 보류(保留)가 가장 높았고 DIP는 3% 첨가(添加)에서 가장 높았다. 4. 보류(保留)는 지료(紙料)의 응집작용(凝集作用)과 밀접한 관련이 있었다.

Several researchers have discussed which element is preferably chosen as a vehicle in metonymic constructions Langacker (1993) claims that, all other things being equal, these cognitive principles govern the choice of metonymic vehicle: human over non-human, whole over part, concrete over abstract, visible over non-visible. This claim has been made, but no previous case studies regarding these principles have been conducted. To remedy this gap, this paper examines 510 instances of PART FOR WHOLE metonymy in the names of events and accidents in Korean newspapers from 2010 through 2019. The result shows that AGENT is most frequently utilized to refer to whole events, supporting one principle of Langacker, human over nonhuman. CAUSE, PATIENT, and PLACE follows AGENT. INSTRUMENT is not very frequently used unless it achieves its salience through contexts. TIME is observed only once. Considering that TIME was used frequently to name past events, as in the 4.19 Revolution, 5.18 Democratic Movement, the 4.3 Events, the infrequent use of TIME reflects a cultural change in its cognitive salience.

【벼리】프랑스에서 한국 문화와 한국어에 대한 관심이 늘고 있으며 학습자 또한 증가하고 있지만, 이러한 증가에 비해 프랑스 내에서의 한국어 교육에 대한 유용한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본고에서는 파리 7대학교의 교육과정을 살펴보고, 실제 진행했던 시 사강독의 수업을 바탕으로 프랑스 고급 학습자들의 읽기-쓰기 수업에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 제한된 교과 수업을 벗어나 한국의 실제성을 보여주는 신문자료를 활용함으로써 나타나는 현황을 살펴보고 앞으로 신문을 활용한 한국어 교육 방안을 연구해 보고자 한다.

개항 이후 우리나라는 사회 전반에 걸쳐 새로운 사상과 문물, 제도 등을 받아들이며 사회·문화적으로 큰 변 화를 겪어왔다. 개화기라는 시대적 흐름에 따라 일본에 의해 시행된 의제개혁과 단발령은 조선 전국을 혼란 에 빠트렸고, 백성들의 반발과 저항이 거세졌음에도 불구하고 상투가 없어져 단발이 된 백성들은 갓 대신에 서양식의 모자를 착용하기 시작하였다. 더불어 외래문물의 유입으로 양복의 부속품인 벨트와 셔츠, 시계 등 에 대한 수요가 급증하고, 근대적인 인쇄기술에 힘입어 모자에 대한 한국의 소비문화가 확산되기 시작하였 다. 근대적 문물을 가시화하여 익숙하지 않은 신문물에 대한 설명으로 이미지를 반복적으로 보여줌으로써 대상에 대한 이해도를 높여줄 수 있었다. 따라서 문자와 그림의 결합으로 현대의 광고디자인의 맥락에서 읽 어 낼 수 있다. 다시 말해 물질문화의 변화 속에서 디자인된 물체(대상)가 그 시대의 사회·문화적인 요인들 을 반영하여 한 시대의 문화를 표현하게 되는 것이다.

Change of weather disaster having occurred in Korea since 1960s was analyzed using newspaper articles recording objective facts and reflecting consciousness of the times. The analysis was carried out on 6 disasters: heavy rainfall, cold wave, heavy snowfall, typhoon, heat wave and drought. To focus on the events having great social impacts, articles were chosen among top articles on the front page and general page of the newspapers. Dong-A Daily News articles were sampled from 1960 to 2013, for 54 years. A total of 315 articles were analyzed, among which typhoon accounted for the largest proportion of 36%. Heavy rainfall, heavy snowfall, drought and cold wave followed typhoon, and the topics of heat wave accounted for the lowest percentage of 6%. Articles of typhoon and heavy rainfall accounted for 57%, which is more than half of all. Drought and cold wave are concentrated in the 60s to 70s, and heavy snowfall and heat wave have sharply increased since 2010, due to the tendency of global warming. Articles have decreased over time because the importance of those articles has declined as a result of social development.

이 연구는 결혼이주여성의 언어에 대한 사회적 인식 파악을 목표로 신문기사의 보도 프레임 변화 양상을 분석한 것이다. 2004년부터 2014년까지 최근 10년의 기사 109건을 선정하여 분석한 결과, 결혼이주여성의 언어에 대한 프레임은 ‘한국어’에 대한 것과 ‘자국어’에 대한 것으로 나타났다. ‘한국어’ 관련 프레임으로는 ‘생활 적응 도구’, ‘자녀 교육 근간’, ‘사회 진출 자원’, ‘사회 통합 조건’의 4가지 프레임이 도출되었다. ‘자국어’ 관련 프레임으로는 ‘제거 대상’, ‘정체성 원천’, ‘경쟁 자원’, ‘포용 대상’의 4가지 프레임이 도출되었다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신문 보도에서 결혼이주여성의 두 언어는 대체로 긍정적인 자원으로 재현되고 있었다. 이는 다문화 사회가 본격화되면서 이들의 한국어 능력이 전반적으로 향상되었으며, 자국어 능력은 사회의 중요한 자원으로 인식의 전환을 겪은 결과로 해석된다. 둘째, 결혼이주여성의 한국어는 생활 적응을 위한 ‘도구적 수단’에서 사회 진출을 위한 ‘언어적 자원’으로 의미 가치가 변화되는 양상을 확인하였다. 자국어의 경우 ‘사회 통합을 방해하는 요소’라는 부정적 인식에서 ‘경쟁 자원 및 정체성 원천’이라는 긍정적인 의미 가치로 변화되었다. 셋째, 정보원 분석을 통해 기사에서 언어 사용 주체로서의 결혼이주여성 본인 및 가족의 목소리가 높은 비율로 반영되고 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 과거 이들의 언어 능력이 전문가들을 통해 타자화되었던 것과는 달리 언어 사용 주체로서 재현되고 있다는 것을 보여준다.

In 2003, some cases were reported to Attorney General of Korea in Supreme Prosecution Service, in which the suspect in detention rejected the request of the prosecutor to attend at his office. Previously, the Prosecution Service interpreted the request to attend for interrogation of the suspect to have the power to impose the duty on the suspect. But in the Academic circles, the majority viewed the request to have no power to impose the duty. Thus they explained the suspect may refuse to attend and during the interrogation leave the office anytime. The suspects who refused to attend rely on the view of the majority of the literature. The Prosecution Service insisted that the interrogation system of Korean Criminal Procedure give the prosecutor and the judicial police the authority to impose the duty to attend on the suspect, especially the duty to attend and to stay on the suspect in arrest or detention. The duty could be forced by arrest warrant or detention warrant. The provision of detention(§ 69, Korean Criminal Procedure) give the definition that it includes the power to take the suspect to a place and to detain in custody. The power to take to a place should be interpreted to include the power to take the suspect to the investigator’s office during the detention. In this Case of the suspect in detention, the Court approved the view of the Prosecution Service and concluded the judicial police officer who took the suspect to the office for interrogation to be lawful. Notwithstanding, the Court explained the character of the interrogation to be voluntary because the statement of the suspect should not be forced. But it could be said contradictory between the possibility of forcing the duty to attend and stay against the suspect’s will and the character of voluntainess. The compulsory nature could be said to be proper to this system.

한국정부는 한·일간 독도영유권 논쟁에 대해 종지부를 찍었지만, 일본은 매년 방위백서를 발간하면서 독도영유권을 주장하고 있다. 종래 한국정부는 ‘조용한 외교’를 기조로 하여 강경책과 유화책을 병행하면서 일본과의 관계를 유지해 왔다. 그러면서 독도의 배타적 영유권에 대한 특별한 가시적 조치를 취하지는 않았다. 이명박 전 대통령은 광복절을 5일 앞둔 2012년 8월 10일 전격적으로 독도를 방문해 세계의 주목을 받았다. 그는 독도에서 ‘독도는 우리땅’임을 천명하여 독도의 실효적 지배 강화를 위한 강한 의지를 보였고, 국민들의 열렬한 지지를 받았다. 그러나 이러한 정치적 행위가 국익을 위해, 독도의 배타적 지배를 위해 절실한 것이었는가 하는 점을 중심으로 대통령의 독도방문을 바라보는 시각은 다양하다. 본고는 영남지방의 대표 신문인 ≪매일신문≫과 ≪영남일보≫를 대상으로 이명박 전 대통령의 독도방문에 대한 기사의 보도 유형을 분석했다. 이 과정에서 독도방문의 배경과 저의를 알아보고자 했다. 일왕사관 발언 등 쟁점별 보도 경향을 분석한 것은 언론의 취재와 기사 작성, 그리고 저널리즘의 사명감 등을 동시에 파악하려는 목적이었다. 양 신문은 지방신문이라는 동질성이 있는 반면에 각기 고유성과 정체성이 있었다. 독도 관련 기사를 정치적 성격으로 배열하고 보도하는 경향과 기사의 수에서 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 또한 대통령의 독도방문에 대해 환영일색의 보도를 유지하면서도 그 한계와 문제점을 지적하기도 했다. ≪매일신문≫보다 ≪영남일보≫가 상대적으로 중립과 부정적 입장을 보였다. ≪매일신문≫이 ≪영남일보≫에 비해 연합뉴스 기사가 적은 것은 기사의 재생산 문제와 관련이 있었다. 일왕사과발언과 위안부 등 역사인식의 기사 보도에서도 일방적인 긍정과 중립적 입장의 상대적 차별성이 있었으며, 영남지역민들의 반응을 보도하는 면에서도 이러한 점은 드러났다. 양 신문은 지방신문으로서 가지는 공통된 입장과 신문사 고유의 정체성을 드러내면서도 대구경북지역민들에게 정보를 제공하면서 언론의 역할을 다하고자 했다.

In the Prosecution Service Act, it is prescribed that the attending officer of the public attorney has the role of the document officer and the helping agency for the public attorney. As the helping officer, he participate in the interrogation of the public attorney and put questions to the suspect or witness and other persons.As for the questioning of the attending officer, it was judged by the Court in this case that it is allowed, but has limitations. First, the public attorney should in person put questions about the important matters and after it, the attending officer can put questions about details or ambiguous answers. Second, during the question of the attending officer, the public attorney should be present the interrogating place with the attending officer and preside the process. There are some people who insist that the attending officer’s questioning should be prohibited and the public attorney should put all questions in person. But this opinion does not accord with the current law. On enacting the Prosecution service Act, the legislature made the choice with the provision §46 ① 1. that allows the attending officer to do the works relating to the investigation which the public attorney orders. It is thought that this choice would be made because of the insufficient numbers of the public attorney and the necessity of the sharing the burden of works.Considering the overweighting burden of works for the public attorney, the Court’s interpretation could be said to be right to the present. But in practice, if we can say the public attorney’s interrogation, the role of the attending officer should be limited within the supplement of the factual work.

광고에서 표현기법은 신중하게 선택해야 한다. 왜냐하면 표현기법에 따라 전달하고자 하는 정보의 이미지가 달라지기 때문이다. 최근 정보 전달 효과를 극대화시키기 위한 기법으로 타이포그래피가 여러 매체광고에서 다양한 형태로 활용되어 지고 있다. 특히 인쇄매체 중 신문광고에서 나타나고 있는 타이포그래피 광고는 자세한 설명이 가능하다는 점과 계획적인 광고 집행, 지면의 다양한 활용 등의 장점과 더해져 기발하고 다양한 광고들이 쏟아져 나오고 있다. 이러한 타이포그래피 광고들은 직접적으로 전달하고자 하는 메시지를 미적인 기법으로 표현함으로써 메시지 그 자체가 글자 이상의 의미를 지닌 하나의 상징물이 되는 효과를 가져 오기도 하고, 때론 이미지와 적절하게 표현됨으로써 쉽고 정확한 정보 전달로 소비자들의 기억에 각인되고 있다. 본 연구는 신문광고의 효과를 더욱 높이기 위하여 신선하고 번뜩이는 아이디어를 활용한 타이포그래피 광고사례를 통해 창조적 타이포그래피 표현기법의 중요성을 인지하고, 타이포그래피 신문광고의 헤드라인, 바디카피, 비주얼 표현기법과 기능의 분석을 통해 새로운 표현기법을 구사함으로써 효과적인 메시지 전달 기능을 극대화 시킬 수 있도록 하는 것에 있다. 본 연구로 인하여 광고주와 소비자가 모두 공감할 수 있는 타이포그래피의 흥미로운 접근법으로 보다 새로운 변화가 이루어지길 기대한다.

신문은 정책, 보건의료, 정치, 경제, 문화, 사회와 관련된 뉴스를 심층적으로 전달하는 가장 신뢰할 수 있는 매체로써 많은 독자층을 확보하고 있다. 세계 신문들은 경영 전략으로 취재와 기사 작성에 대한 편집 방침뿐만 아니라 편집디자인 지침을 갖추어 가고 있다. 본 연구에서는 등소평의 개방 정책 이후 세계 경제와 미디어 시장의 중심으로 급부상하고 있는 중국의 대표적인 보수신문인 인민일보와 진보신문인 중국청년보의 1면 편집디자인을 연구하였다. 전국인민대표대회가 개최되었던 3월5일(월)부터 11일(일)까지 1주일간의 1면 구성요소인 제호 등의 헤드디자인, 모듈러디자인, 서체, 색채, 부호, 선과 여백을 디자인 관점에서 분석하였다. 그 결과 사회주의 국가인 중국의 보수신문과 진보신문간의 논조에 따른 편집디자인의 차이는 거의 없으며 디자인 지침 또한 거의 적용되고 있지 않았다. 이는 중국이 디자인 형식을 유지하는 것보다 공산당과 주요 지도층 인사와 관련된 기사의 내용을 중요하게 간주하는 사회주의 국가이기 때문이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 이들 신문들은 편집디자인 지침을 재정비하고 준수해야만 중국이 세계 미디어 제국의 목표를 이룰 수 있을 것이다.

In this case, the appeal court says, the fact that the defendant used the privilege against self-incrimination and denied answering the questions of the police in the investigative process could not be used as evidence for evaluating the charge to the disadvantage of the defendant. This reference is appropriate. But the principle that we must not use the fact of no answer as evidence for regarding the assertion of the defendant as unreliable should not be confused as a principle that we must give an advantage to the no answer defendant. No answer could not prohibit the fact finder from infering truth from the indirect circumstantial facts. In this case, the defendant insisted that the drug in his body was not injected by him and he did not know how it was in his body. As two persons known visited him the day of arrest and he saw they put injectors in the waterpot, he thouhgt propably they injected the drug in his body in a stealthy way. But the defendant only insisted this story and did not give any clue with which this story could be checked up and for identifying the two persons. Therefore his assertion should be valued as unreliable because of the unreliability of the assertion itself, not because of the fact of no answer. And as the subjective factors as perception, intention, knowing etc could be infered by indirect factors, in this case, the fact that the defendant injected the drug voluntarily could be presumed from the fact that he was arrested in the intoxication in his room, there was none in his room when he was arrested, injectors were founded in his room. So the fact-finding of the court would be said inappropriate.On the other hand, the appeal court says, when the defendant decided to use the privilege against self-incrimination and not to answer, the police should immediately stop questioning. As in this case the police continued questioning, the interrogation is illegal. But this comment is inappropriate because the current criminal process law recognize the right to question to the public attorney and the police independently to the right of the defendant not to answer. Consequently the police can put questions to the defendant though he uses the privilege. But it is up to the decision of the defendant, whether he refuses all questions from the beginning to the end, or reply partly. As for ruling the interrogation, Korean law is different from the American law. Furthemore, in this case, the questions the police put to the silent defendant were for the name or for affirming whether the defendant would use the privilege or not. Because the questions are not for the fact for the defendant's charge, it would be not illegal with the viewpoint of American law.

In this case, the Supreme Court of Korea gives very important opinion for the evidence law in general, ① Lowering of the probative power of the statesment in the protocol of investigative agent in the light of the weakness of the written record ② Unrecognizing the proof value of the statements where the cross-examination lacks. First, With indicating the inaccuracy of the record in the light of statements in fact, lowering of the probative power of the statesments in the protocol of investigative agent in general is inappropriate. In order to complement such a weakness, the law provide the strict provisions for the protocol drawing up. Furthermore, this kind of view falls into difficulty in answer to the question, “Can be the lowering problems all solved, if we, for the complement of such weakness, record the total statements or record them in tapes or video tapes?” This problem is not for statement in the protocol, but for the probative power of the out of court statement. Probative power is the thing which should be judged in each case individually with considering total situation with relation to the situation in which the statements were made, contents of the statements and comparison with other evidences. By the way, the problem of confrontation has important meaning from the new tendency which views the problem in other way than hearsay approach. But the method of the Court leads to the confusion with the meaning or the standard because of the termonology which the Court has used, that is , substantial proof value and inadmissible. Recently, the problem of confrontation is understood as a procedural right of the defendant in the criminal procedure and there is an American approach and a European Union approach. In my opinion, Considering our constitutional provision and criminal procedure, the European Union solution is proper. The admissiblity of the statements made in the situation in which the defendant cannot confront the speaker should be judged be the standard of the fairness of the process, that is, the question, “Would it harm the fairness of the process in the whole to admit the statements?” By the judgement, it would give an important ground to see the resposibility of the investigative agent for the nonconfrontation situation. But the responsibility of the investigative agent should not be an absolute ground for the inadmissibility of the statements, but would be the ground for prudent judgement of the probative power considering whether the substantial parts of the statements could be confirmed by other materials, when the statements are the only one important evidence to support the charge. Furthermore, Because the time of the confrontation is not limited to the trial, it would be useful to evaluate the provision in our criminal procedure for the interrogation with confrontation by the public attorney and investigative officer and to use it as a meaningful tool for guaranteeing the chance of confrontation of the defendant.

The right to counsel is regarded as a basic right not only for a suspect under custody but also for a non-arrested suspect as well. It is a constitutional right founded in Section 1 and 4 of Article 12, and Article 27 of Constitution. The right to counsel includes the right entitled to have the presence of counsel during interrogation by law-enforcement. The Criminal Procedure Law revises to guarantee all suspects have rights to counsel during interrogation. The right to counsel is a constitutional right which is materialized at a subordinate criminal procedural law. Therefore, it shall be differentiated from other statutory rights not directly derived from Constitution. According to the Criminal Procedure Law, the right to counsel during interrogation can be exercised by both suspects and counsels. However, such a right entitled to a counsel is not a constitutional right, which shows distinctive difference from a suspect-originated right to counsel.