Approximately normalized control charts, called Q charts, have been given Quesenberry(1991) for charting in process of short-run, job-shop, etc. We consider a Q chart with inspection error for job-shop floor under geometric distribution, which can be used for processes when a fraction nonconforming is very small. Our results would be applied for designing other control charts with inspection error.

In this research, the target process was a modified type of a conventional aeration tank with four different influent feeding points and alternated aeration to obtain nitrogen removal. For more accurate switching of influent feeding, the process was operated under a designed control strategy based on monitoring of NH4-N and NOX-N concentrations in the tank. However, the strategy did have some limitations. For example, it was not sensitive to detecting the end of each reaction when losing the balance between nitrification and denitrification of each opposite part of biological tank. To overcome the limitations of the existing control strategy, a diagnosis-based control strategy was suggested in this research using the diagnosis results classified as normal (N), ammonia accumulation (AA) and nitrate accumulation (NA). Using the pre-designed rules for control actions, the aeration and volume of the aerated part of the reactor could be increased or decreased at a fixed mode time. In simulations of the suggested diagnosis-based control strategy, the NH4-N and NOX-N removal rates in the reactor were maintained at higher levels than those of the existing control strategy.

Since water works sludge have a high aluminum content, recycling aluminum has become a significant environmental issue. Generally, the method of recovery of aluminum from water works sludge are acid digestion, alkalization, ion exchange and membrane separation. However aluminum hydroxide may be dissolved in strong acidic and alkaline media due to its amphoteric nature. So, the traditional acidification and alkalization methods still being explored. Chemically, aluminum recovery from the water works sludge is a simple process. The acid digestion is however, somewhat complicated by pH control in the mixture of dewatered water works sludge (DWS) and sulfuric acid solution. Under strong acidic condition, probe of pH meter, which is a key part of a pH meter, can be easily damaged. Also it is not easy to control pH during the process of mixing DWS and acid solution because high concentration of total solid are present in the mixture. Furthermore, the moisture content of DWS is very serious change. Most of the previous studies have mainly focused on the adsorption properties of dewatered alum sludge; little attention has been put on how to improve its phosphorus adsorption capacity. In this study, batches of experiments were conducted using DWS, artificially controlling moisture content (64~78%), to investigate the effect of concentration of sulfuric acid on pH of the sludge for pH control without pH meter in the coagulants recovery process. The water content of DWS was measured in 30 minutes using Infrared Moisture Determination Balance (FD 660, Kett). Experimental results show that the concentration of sulfuric acid for acidification of DWS is higher with higher water content of that.

상수관은 급격한 기온 변화나 지진에 의한 지반의 변이 및 노후화에 의해 파단이 일어나게 된다. 관의 파단은 상수관망에서 발생할 수 있는 가장 흔한 파괴 상황 중 하나로 시스템으로 공급되는 전체 유량과 관망 내 수두 손실을 증가시킨다. 이러한 변화는 시스템 내에 설치된 압력 및 유량계의 측정값에 영향을 주며 사용성을 저하시킨다. 관 파괴 탐지가 지연되면 주위 지반의 액상화에 의해 싱크홀이 발생하게 되어 복구 시간 및 비용 (사회적 비용 포함)의 증가를 야기하기도 한다. 따라서, 관 파단의 정확하고 신속한 탐지가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 공정관리 및 품질공학에서 적용되어온 통계적 공정관리 방법을 관 파단 탐지에 적용하였다. 시스템 내에 설치된 압력 및 유량계로부터 측정된 시계열 값을 과거 통계 값과 비교하여 관 파단 여부를 결정하였다. 실제 네트워크에서 수요량의 변동성을 고려해 발생시킨 압력 및 유량 자료를 이용하여 단변량과 다변량 방법을 포함, 총 여섯 가지 통계적 공정관리 방법의 성능을 비교하였다.

For the cost-effective biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process whose characteristics of influent have low COD/N ratios, the automatic control system for the addition of external carbon based on oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) data in an anoxic reactor has been developed. In this study, it was carried out with a pilot-scale Bardenpho process which was consisted of anoxic 1, aerobic 1, aerobic 2, anoxic 2, aerobic 3 tank and clarifier. Firstly, the correlation coefficient (R2) of the dosage of external carbon source and ORP value was about 0.97. Consequently, the automatic control system using ORP showed that the dosage of external carbon source was decreased by about 20% compared with a stable dosage of 75 mg/L based on the COD/N ratio of the anoxic influent.