In this study, We introduce a case of reconstruction of ASSM tunnel with various leakage paths. The Reconstruction method applied NATM waterproofing system to ASSM because of various leak paths and leakage

The objective of this study is to identify reasonable repair and reinforcement methods by performing an analysis and analysis and measurement of corrosion that occurred at the bridge support due to leakage from the expansion joint device.

Hydrologic and Physicochemical properties are the properties of water, defined by physicochemical properties such as water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH and the concentration of inorganic ions. Although it is difficult to directly identify the cause of seepage through hydrologic and physicochemical analysis, it can be used as indirect data to estimate the origin of leakage.

본 연구에서는 상수관망의 최적 수압모니터링 지점선정 알고리즘과 역추적 계산법을 이용한 누수탐지 알고리즘을 개발하였고 파일럿 플랜트에서 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 먼저 누수탐지를 위한 최적의 모니터링 지점선정을 선정하고 압력계를 설치하여 누수로 인한 압력변위를 측정하였다. 누수탐지를 위한 역추적계산법의 검증을 위하여 누수탐지를 수행하였고 파일럿플랜트에서 실제 재현된 누수의 지점과 누수량을 정확하게 산정하였다. 누수량을 0.0005 m3/s로부터 0.0018 m3/s까지 변화시키며 누수를 재현하였고 누수지점에 근접한 장소를 찾는데 성공하였다. 본 연구에 서는 실험을 통해서 누수탐지기법으로 사용된 역추적계산법이 유효함을 검증할 수 있었다.

In this study, in order to survey the concrete dam leakage use the Thermal Line Sensor (TLS) temperature monitoring instruments. The temperature monitoring locations are two drain hole of concrete dam and the upsteam water temperature of dam.

This study is a basic research with the aim of developing the method of judging the leakage zone by grasping the habitat characteristic of agricultural reservoir slope in inhabiting characteristics appear differently according to natural inhabiting environment. To this end, this study is intending to investigate slope vegetation using a quadrat technique at Sinheung reservoir located at Gwangsi-myeon, Yesan-gun, Chungnam, and to perform the analysis of importance value using relative frequency and relative coverage, etc. Also, this study intended to present the necessity of having to consider the eco-system of the relevant region in time of a reservoir slope afforestation for the time to come by suggesting that the reservoir slope vegetation after a stable period becomes similar to the regional vegetation by comparing this study result with the existing research which carried out the analysis of importance value of forest vegetation for Yesan Region. The reservoir slope vegetation is similar to the indicator species which appear in the regional forest vegetation, so there was a need to select afforestation species in the light of this in time of slope afforestation. As a result of the analysis of the importance value, this study grasped that there was an emergence characteristic similar to the vegetation at a birthplace of a forest fires because growth and development of forest trees, and perennial plants were restricted by annually implemented brush-cutting work, etc.; however, indigo plant and bush clover , etc. were found to show the characteristic differing from this. Consequently, this study was able to confirm that there is the necessity of having to create the Importance Value Table suited for reservoir slopes by region through a lot more data construction in the near future.

There are many cases where large areas of the underground parking lots of residential buildings do not have proper measures against prevention of leakage, resulting in condensation, growth of infectious microogranisms and increase of pollution in the air. This paper discusses a study conducted to understand the awareness of leakage problems and the damage that follows in the underground structures of residential buildings.

In this study, The correlation between drainage clogging of drain tunnel and leakage of lining was analyzed. As a result of analysis, the position of clogged drainage hole, leakage and efflorescence location are similar. When repairing leakage of lining, the maintenance method should be selected considering the clogging of tunnel drainage.

In the nuclear power plant, the steel or polymer liner plates are adopted to prohibit the inner concrete surface from contacting with gas or liquid materials. If there is an accident, the plate may be damaged, and, in this case, concrete shall have the final responsibility to safety requirements. In this paper, an experimental research was carried out to investigate the effects of construction joint and wet and loading conditions on the permeability of concrete. The test results showed that, under a construction joint in the wet condition, leakage of gas pressure has been started from 1 kg/cm2. However, when there are no construction joints, it is initiated from 2 kg/cm2. In addition, under the air dried and unloading condition, regardless of with or without the presence of the construction joint, since the gas passage that exist in concrete is constant, leakage has a constant tendency to increase. Finally, under the loading condition, as described in Reference 1, since leakage is inversely proportional to the thickness of the wall, and, considering the wall thickness of the actual plant, it is found that there will not be no problem in the sealing of the gas.

There are many cases where large areas of the underground parking lots of residential buildings do not have proper measures against prevention of leakage, resulting in condensation, growth of infectious microogranisms and increase of pollution in the air. This paper discusses a study conducted to understand the awareness of leakage problems and the damage that follows in the underground structures of residential buildings.

A new array was suggested for effective leakage detection of concrete water facility. This array was modified to serve the purpose. Plus and minus currents have been installed respectively on the upstream and downstream water in order to detect the flow of water floating through the crack of facility. Potential poles in two lines have been installed closer than current sources to the weir to measure potential difference in upstream and downstream. Interpreting the potential difference data acquired by the new array, we could predict that where is the leakage zone. The possibility that can distinguish the leakage zone has been confirmed by numerical and physical modeling and problem position expected to leak was verified in field exploration.

This paper analyzes the different expansion properties of various acrylic waterproofing repair materials and draws a conclusion on stable leakage repair measures based on the test results.

This study is based on a survey conducted to understand the current problems of water leakages in underground structures. According to the overall results, 55.7% of the respondents replied that water leakage problems is serious and all replied that a preventative measure is absolutely necessary.

In this study, in order to enhance the quality of concrete dam it is mentioned that the influenced factors which effect on the water leak and methodology for weak zone repair and retrofit before filling water of concrete dam.

Recently, as ‘ground subsidence in urban area’ problem become social issue, Central & Local Government examined current state of ground subsidence. As a results, It is revealed that 1)sewage pipeline damage, 2)excavation work of surrounding pipeline, and 3)water pipeline damage were main reason of subsidence. This study is going to present weak-point for each type of pipeline in the case of water pipeline monitoring, by analyzing current state materials of water pipeline leakage work of ○○city, to prevent ground subsidence from water pipeline leakage.

The quality of injection sealer for water leakage maintenance be being managed by KS. However, the test result of response to the substrate movement performance have some errors by an experimenter. So, the revision standard of test method is proposed. Therefor, will verify that in this study.

In this study, in order to enhance the quality of concrete dam it is mentioned that the influenced factors which effect on the water leak and methodology for weak zone survey before filling water of concrete dam.

사회기반시설의 방재 및 안전성 평가에 있어 지중 침투수의 흐름 또는 누수경로의 발달은 매우 중대한 현안이다. 따라서 지하에 선택적으로 집중된 유로의 3차원적 경로 파악 기술은 특별히 노후 댐 및 제방에서의 내적 침식과 터널 및 하천 등에서의 지하수 유출 문제와 관련하여 핵심적인 사안이라 할 수 있다. 현재 국내에서는 이러한 지중 누수 취약대 파악을 위해 전기비저항 탐사를 필두로 다양한 탐사기법들이 시행되고 있으나, 보다 구체적인 집중된 경로를 매핑하는 것은 어려움이 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국제대댐회(ICOLD)에서 소개된 전자기장 탐사의 일종인 Willowstick 탐사를 국내에 최초로 적용하고, 기술의 타당성을 비교 분석하였다. Willowstick 탐사는 누수경로가 발달한 것으로 추정되는 부지에서 상부와 하부의 저수지 또는 침출수(또는 지하수, 하천수 등)에 전극봉을 설치하고 AC회로를 구성하여 전류를 흘려보낸 후, 지표면에서 측정 그리드를 구성하여 유도된 자기장을 GPS기반의 위치 정보와 함께 측정하는 방법을 사용한다. 측정된 자기장의 등고선도는 선택적 유로가 없을 경우 수치해석적으로 예측된 자기장 등고선도와 비교함으로서 비(ratio)를 구하고 다양한 전기적 왜곡요소들에 대한 필터링을 거쳐 집중되고 있는 유로를 역산해석을 통해 3차원적으로 찾는 기법이다. 연구 대상 부지는 높이 70m의 콘크리트 표면차수벽형 석괴댐인 Y댐 하류 배면부로 설정하였다. 본 현장은 건설 당시 침투수량 계측을 목적으로 집수옹벽과 침투수량 측정실을 시공하였으나 집수옹벽 내 지중 수위가 침투수량 계측 가능 높이에 도달하지 않아 지중의 선택적 누수 경로를 따라 하류 하천으로 일정량의 침투수가 소산되고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 집수옹벽과 침투수량 측정실을 중심으로 댐 하류부에 대한 Willowstick 전자기장 탐사와 고 정밀도 3차원 전기비저항 탐사, 그리고 댐 배면부에 설치된 지하수위공 3개소에서의 계측 경시변화 분석을 수행하였다. 현장적용 연구의 예비분석 결과, Willowstick 탐사를 통해 댐 배면부에서 지배적인 유로의 3차원적 경로를 매핑하였으며, 집수옹벽의 기초 하단을 통해 침투수가 소산되고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. Willowstick 탐사는 지중 지하수로 포화된 수면을 찾기보다는 선택적으로 집중되어 흐르는 누수경로의 3차원적 파악이 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 이에 반해 3차원 전기비저항 탐사는 지중 포화대 존재 시 포화영역의 거시적인 파악과 지하수면의 파악이 우수한 것으로 판단되나, 3차원적인 집중적 유로 파악은 쉽지 않은 것으로 검토되었다. 향후 고가의 보강비용 수반이 예상되는 곳의 지중 누수경로 매핑을 위해서는 비교적 장비와 절차가 간편한 Willowstick 탐사는 적용성이 양호할 것으로 판단된다. 추후 검증을 위해 대상 지반에 대한 시추 지반조사 및 시험을 수행할 예정이며, 연구대상 부지를 확장하여 복합적 적용성을 검토할 예정이다.

The quality of injection sealer for water leakage maintenance be being managed by KS. However, the test result of response to the substrate movement performance have some errors by an experimenter. Therefore, this revision standard of test method is proposed by that the new tester is manufactured for solving this errors in this study.