Name is an individual symbol in human society. It is not only a language symbol, but also the crystallization of the history and culture of various countries. In recent years, with the increasingly frequent exchanges between China and South Korea, more and more Chinese people are influenced by the “Korean Wave” and choose to study in South Korea. A proper Korean name can help international students learn Korean better, understand Korean culture, and adapt to Korean life and so on. Both China and South Korea belong to “the Cultural Sphere of Chinese Characters”. In the past, when Chinese names were translated into Korean, most of them chose Korean symbols corresponding to Chinese characters, but now they are marked according to the “Loanword orthography”. But in fact, this is not binding, and can not be well observed. Foreigners’ Korean names have always translation mixed. This paper investigates and analyzes the preference of Korean name forms used by 211 international students of P University in Busan. The result is that China and South Korea are both belong to Chinese cultural circles. When naming Chinese students, it is not necessary to mark according to the Loanword orthography like translating the names of European and American. At the same time, cultural factors should also be considered for translation.

The purpose of this s tudy is to analyz e the COVID-19 political discourse from the perspective of critical discourse analysis, to identify what linguistic strategies politicians use to reveal their position and ideologies, and how the social and political situations are reflected in their discourse. The data consist of speeches made by Donald Trump, the former U.S. president, and Andrew Cuomo, the governor of New York, in terms of text, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice using Fairclough’s 3D model. The findings show that the two politicians used terms that separate ‘us-group’ and ‘them-group’, while showing differences in specific vocabulary choices and discourse composition strategies. Trump tended to use positive self-presentation, optimistic expressions, and focused on economic policies, while Cuomo tended to use objective figures, emphasize seriousness, and focus on prevention policies. This forms the way the public perceives society, and conversely, social situations such as racial discrimination and hate issues also affect and interact with discourse strategies.

The domestic professional engineer qualification system has been changed after the enactment of the law in 1963. However, the domestic professional engineers have been unaccepted and unrecognized internationally. In addition, the domestic professional engineer system is operated in accordance with the individual laws of each ministry, but the official qualification examination is conducted by the Human Resource Development Service of Korea. Thus, the domestic professional engineer system has many problems in system itself and operating. In this research, we compare the domestic qualification system with the systems of other foreign countries, and propose how to improve the qualification system. This study limits the scope to the qualification examination for PㆍE. We suggest 3 ways to improve the qaulification examination; (1) The structure of the qualifications, (2) The testing method, and (3) The unification of the qualification system and operation.

We investigate the effect of phosphorous content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe83.2Si5.33-0.33xB10.67-0.67xPxCu0.8 (x = 1–4 at.%) nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys. The simultaneous addition of Cu and P to nanocrystalline alloys reportedly decreases the nanocrystalline size significantly, to 10–20 nm. In the P-containing nanocrystalline alloy, P atoms are distributed in an amorphous residual matrix, which suppresses grain growth, increases permeability, and decreases coercivity. In this study, nanocrystalline ribbons with a composition of Fe83.2Si5.33-0.33xB10.67- 0.67xPxCu0.8 (x = 1–4 at.%) are fabricated by rapid quenching melt-spinning and thermal annealing. It is demonstrated that the addition of a small amount of P to the alloy improves the glass-forming ability and increases the resistance to undesirable Fex(B,P) crystallization. Among the alloys investigated in this work, an Fe83.2Si5B10P1Cu0.8 nanocrystalline ribbon annealed at 460oC exhibits excellent soft-magnetic properties including low coercivity, low core loss, and high saturation magnetization. The uniform nanocrystallization of the Fe83.2Si5B10P1Cu0.8 alloy is confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis.

本考에서는 『般若心經』 呪文 ‘gate gate pāragate pārasaṃgate’을 漢語에서 ‘揭帝 揭帝 波羅揭帝 波羅僧揭帝/誐諦 誐諦 播囉誐諦 播囉僧誐諦’라고 對譯하고, 韓國 漢字 音으로는 ‘아제아제 바라아제 바라승아제’로 읽는 것에 대하여 살펴보고 아래의 몇 가지 결론을 도출하였다. (1) 梵語 ‘gate’를 ‘揭帝’를 써서 對譯한 것은 문제가 없다. 즉 梵語의 ‘g-’는 全濁聲母인 ‘羣母字’를 써서 對譯하였고, 梵語 ‘te-’는 舌尖塞音인 ‘端母字’를 써서 대역하였기 때문이다. (2) 梵語 ‘gate’에서 ‘ga’ 를 羣母字인 ‘揭’나 疑 母字인 ‘誐’로 대역할 수 있는 것은 ‘揭’의 中古音 추정음이 유성음 ‘g-'이고, 아음 ‘誐’의 中古音 추정음은 ‘ŋ-’로 ‘g-'와 조음 위치가 같으면서 次濁으로 기식이 적어 상대적으로 유성 무기음을 나타내기에 적절했기 때문이었을 것이다. (3) 梵語 ‘gate’ 를 ‘誐諦’를 써서 對譯한 것에 대하여는 숙고한 결과, 梵語 ‘g-’는 단지 순수한 有聲 無氣音이 아니고 鼻音 성분이 내포된 音으로 인식한 것이기 때문이라고 유추할 수 있다. 그리고 梵語 ‘t-’는 ‘諦’를 對譯한 것은 ‘帝’와 같이 舌尖塞音인 ‘端母字’를 써서 대역하였기 때문에 문제가 없다. (4) 『般若心經』 呪文에서 ‘gate’는 漢語로 ‘揭帝’로 對譯한 글자를 쓰고 있지만, 韓國語로 ‘아제’로 읽는 것은, 梵語의 ‘ga’가 鼻音聲母인 것을 인식하고 漢語에서 ‘誐’로 對譯한 것을 따라 읽은 것이다. (5) 梵語 ‘pāragate’ 중의 ‘pā’를 漢語에서는 幫母字인 ‘波(播)’로 對譯하였다. ‘波(播)’는, 幫母字로서 漢語 에서는 無聲無氣音인 /p-/로 읽히고 있으며, 현대의 韓國 漢字音으로는 우리말의 激 音化현상에 의해 音이 변화하여 ‘파’로 읽히지만, 『東國正韻』시기에는 脣音 全淸 ‘바’ 로 주음했고, 『般若心經』의 呪文을 읽을 때도, 『訓民正音』시기의 音을 따라 ‘바’로 읽는다. (6) 梵語 ‘pāragate’에서 ‘-r-’는 에 해당하는 讀音은 漢語에 없으므로, 그것과 유사한 것으로 來母字인 ‘羅’를 써서 對譯하였다. 그러나 音譯本에서는 口邊字인 囉 를 만들어 梵語 ‘r-’을 나타내었다. (7) 梵語의 ‘pārasaṃgate’에서 ‘saṃ’은 曾攝字를 써서 對譯하였다. 梵語의 ‘-aṃ’은 漢語의 宕摄(/-ɑŋ/)과 曾摄(/-əŋ/) 그리고 梗摄(/-ɐ ŋ/) 등으로 나누어 배열하고 있으나, 굳이 曾攝字인 ‘僧’을 써서 對譯한 것은, ‘僧’의 문자학적인 의미에서 찾을 수도 있을 것으로 보았다.

분자각인막(MIM)은 특정 분자의 결합자리를 갖고 있는 다공성 고분자 막이다. 비용매유도 상분리(NIPS)법을 사용하여 분자각인막의 지지체로 사용될 P(AN-co-MA) 비대칭막을 제조하고, 여기에 표면 각인법을 적용하여 광활성 이니퍼터 도입과 photo-grafting을 통해 라이소자임 분자각인막을 제조하였다. P(AN-co-MA) 비대칭막을 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane과 광활성 이니퍼터 dithiocarbamate로 개질하고, acrylamide 단량체, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide 가교제, 라이소자임 주형분자 혼합액을 UV 조사 환경에서 혼성중합 시켜 MIM을 제조하였다. 제조된 MIM의 FT-IR과 FE-SEM 및 EDS 분석을 실시한 결과 P(AN-co-MA) 막은 비대칭 단면 구조이었고 표면에 이니퍼터 그룹이 잘 결합되어 있어 MIM이 성공적으로 제조되었다. 제조공정의 변수 조절을 통해 라이소자임의 흡착량이 비각인막(NIM)에 비해 13배 큰 값인 2.7 mg/g을 갖는 P(AN-co-MA) 기반 MIM이 제조되었으며, 막여과 실험을 통해 라이소자임에 대한 오발부민의 투과선택도를 측정한 결과 MIM은 라이소자임의 선택적 결합력이 우수하였다.

P91 steel has been a highly researched material because of its applicability for high-temperature applications. Considerable efforts have been made to produce experimental creep data and develop models for creep life prediction. As creep tests are expensive and difficult to conduct, it is vital to develop authenticated empirical methods from experimental results that can be utilized for better understanding of creep behavior and can be incorporated into computational models for reliable prediction of creep life. In this research, a series of creep rupture tests are performed on the P91 specimens within a stress range of 155 MPa to 200 MPa and temperature range of 640 oC (913 K) to 675 oC (948 K). The microstructure, hardness, and fracture surfaces of the specimens are investigated. To analyze the results of the creep rupture tests at a macro level, a parameter called creep work density is derived. Then, the relationships between various creep parameters such as strain, strain rate, time to rupture, creep damage tolerance factor, and creep work density are investigated, and various empirical equations are obtained.

In this study, AlSi10Mg powders with average diameters of 44 μm are additively manufactured into bulk samples using a selective laser melting (SLM) process. Post-heat treatment to reduce residual stress in the as-synthesized sample is performed at different temperatures. From the results of a tensile test, as the heat-treatment temperature increases from 270 to 320oC, strength decreases while elongation significantly increases up to 13% at 320oC. The microstructures and tensile properties of the two heat-treated samples at 290 and 320oC, respectively, are characterized and compared to those of the as-synthesized samples. Interestingly, the Si-rich phases that network in the as-synthesized state are discontinuously separated, and the size of the particle-shaped Si phases becomes large and spherical as the heat-treatment temperature increases. Due to these morphological changes of Si-rich phases, the reduction in tensile strengths and increase in elongations, respectively, can be obtained by the post-heat treatment process. These results provide fundamental information for the practical applications of AlSi10Mg parts fabricated by SLM.

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is routinely used for the determination of nutrient components of forages. However, little is known about the impact of sample preparation and wavelength on the accuracy of the calibration to predict minerals. This study was conducted to assess the effect of sample preparation and wavelength of near infrared spectrum for the improvement of calibration and prediction accuracy of Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) in imported hay using NIRS. The samples were scanned in reflectance in a monochromator instrument (680–2,500 nm). Calibration models (n = 126) were developed using partial least squares regression (PLS) based on cross-validation. The optimum calibrations were selected based on the highest coefficients of determination in cross validation (R2) and the lowest standard error of cross-validation (SECV). The highest R2 and the lowest SECV were obtained using oven-dry grinded sample preparation and 1,100-2,500 nm wavelength. The calibration (R2) and SECV were 0.99 (SECV: 468.6) for Ca and 0.91 (SECV: 224.7) for P in mg/kg DM on a dry weight, respectively. Results of this experiment showed the possibility of NIRS method to predict mineral (Ca and P) concentration of imported hay in Korea for routine analysis method to evaluate the feed value.

Under the stressed condition, a complex feedback mechanism for stress is activated to maintain homeostasis of the body and secretes several stress hormones. But these stress hormones impair synthesis and secretion of the reproductive hormones, followed by suppression of ovarian function. Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) plays a major role in metabolizing exogenous substances and endogenous hormones, and its expression is recently identified at not only the liver but also several organs with respect to the pancreas, lung and ovary. Although the expression of CYP1A2 can be also affected by several factors, understanding for the changed pattern of the ovarian CYP1A2 expression upon stress induction is still limited. Therefore, CYP1A2 expression in the ovaries from immobilization stress-induced rats were assessed in the present study. The stress-induced rats in the present study exhibited the physiological changes in terms of increased stress hormone level and decreased body weight gains. Under immunohistological observation, the ovarian CYP1A2 expression in both control and the stressed ovary was localized in the antral to pre-ovulatory follicles. However, its expression level was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the stress-induced group than control group. In addition, stress-induced group presented more abundant CYP1A2-positive follicles (%) than control group. Since expression of the ovarian CYP1A2 was highly related with follicle atresia, increased expression of CYP1A2 in the stressed ovary might be associated with changes of the ovarian follicular dynamics due to stress induction. We hope that these findings have important implications in the fields of the reproductive biology.