We analyzed diurnal variations in the surface air temperature using the high density urban climate observation network of Daegu in summer, 2013. We compared the time elements, which are characterized by the diurnal variation of surface air temperature. The warming and cooling rates in rural areas are faster than in urban areas. It is mainly due to the difference of surface heat capacity. In addition, local wind circulation also affects the discrepancy of thermal spatiotemporal distribution in Daegu. Namely, the valley and mountain breezes affect diurnal variation of horizontal distribution of air temperature. During daytimes, the air(valley breeze) flows up from urban located at lowlands to higher altitudes of rural areas. The temperature of valley breeze rises gradually as it flows from lowland to upland. Hence the difference of air temperature decreases between urban and rural areas. At nighttime, the mountains cool more rapidly than do low-lying areas, so the air(mountain breeze) becomes denser and sinks toward the valleys(lowlands). As the result, the air temperature becomes lower in rural areas than in urban areas.

This study is to analyze the preference of experiential activities and behavioral intention on rural tourism, with special focus on parents group of elementary students. The result can be utilized as basic data for demanding aspect of rural experiencing tourism. Two-step questionnaire survey was conducted, during May to July, 2915. Sample group was selected at 4 elementary school in Daegu city. 347 valid responses were analyzed with SPSS. Major results are as follows. Firstly, suggested model for 23 experiential activities in 7 types, were verified as valid by verifying factor analysis. Factor 1 was verified and named as ‘Rual Life Experience’, Factor 2 was verified and named as ‘Health/Healing Experience’, Factor 3, as ‘Agricultural Product Experience’, Factor 4, as ‘Eco-Cultural Experience’, Factor 5, as ‘Leisure/Sports Experience’, Factor 6, as ‘Traditional Wellbeing Food Experience’, and Factor 7, as ‘Traditional Culture Experience’. All 7 factors explained 75.39% of total variance. Secondly, mean score of preference by each activity showed high in ‘Health-care experience’, ‘Traditional food experience’ and comparatively low in ’Collecting experience’, ‘Agricultural experience’. Thirdly, all 7 types(factors) of experience showed significant affecting relation to satisfaction, intention to participation and recommendation. Specially, ‘Eco-Cultural Experience’ and ‘Rural Life Experience’ showed high affecting relation. This could be the characteristics of parents group of elementary students.

Observation data (1981-2014) and climate change scenario data (historical: 1981-2005; RCP 2.6 and 8.5: 2006-2100) were used to analyze occurrence and future outlook of the extreme heat days and tropical nights in Daegu and Jeju. Then we compared the mortality and observations data (1993-2013). During 1981-2014, the average of extreme heat days (tropical nights) was 24.41 days (12.47 days) in Daegu, and 6.5 days (22.14 days) in Jeju. Extreme heat days and tropical nights have been similarly increased in Daegu, but tropical nights increased more than extreme heat days in Jeju. Extreme heat days and tropical nights in both, Daegu and Jeju showed high correlation with daily mortality, specifically Daegu’s correlation was higher than that of jeju. The yearly increasing rate of extreme heat of the future (2076-2100) was 1.7-3.6 times and 7.8-37.7 times higher than the past (1981-2005) in Daegu and Jeju, respectively. The yearly increase rate of tropical nights of future was 2.6-5.0 times and 2.9-5.6 times higher in Daegu and Jeju, respectively. During 2006-2100 periods, the trend of extreme heat days was observed both in Daegu and Jeju. On the average, extreme heat days and tropical nights in Jeju increased more than that of Daegu. However, the trend of extreme heat days increase in Daegu was higher than that in Jeju, whereas, the trend of tropical nights in Jeju was higher than that in Daegu.

To investigate the thermal environment over the summertime asphalt pavements, an automatic weather observation system was installed at a parking lot paved with asphalt to observe various meteorological parameters and surface temperature from July 1 to September 30, 2014. Since the number of rainy days in summer of 2014 particularly after the mid July is more than that of average data, a ratio of daily peak surface temperature above 45 ℃ was 28% which was lower than the average. The observational data about hourly average surface temperature and various heat balance factors at days where daily peak surface temperature is above 45 ℃ are as follows: An hour that had the daily maximum temperature was around 15 pm and the value was 49℃ approximately. Net shortwave radiation was the highest at 12pm as 800 W/m2 and much radiation of 500 W/m2 was absorbed at the ground between 11am and 17pm. Sensible heat that was delivered from the ground to the atmosphere was evaluated as 200 W/m2 between 10am and 19pm. underground transfer heat up to 100 W/m2 was measured as negative from 19pm to the next day 8am, which indicated the lower atmosphere was heated at night.

To investigate thermal environment and effect of clean-road system over a broad way, we conducted the filed meteorological observation during 12~13 August 2014. The clean-road system was employed over a part of the broad way of Dalgubul(Dalgubul-Daero) by Daegu Metropolitan city in 2011. The clean–road system in general is operated two times(4 am, 2 pm) during summertime. In case of scorching alert, the system is operated 3 times a day(4 am, 2 pm and 4 pm). To evaluate the present thermal condition and the improvement effects due to the system, we analyzed the time variation of discomfort index and WBGT(wet-bulb and globe temperature). WBGT was more than 25 during 8 a.m. ~ 9 p.m. And discomfort index was more than 75 during 8 a.m. ~ 11 p.m. The thermal improvement effect of the clean-road system was restrictive during daytime.

우리나라는 사계절이 기후변화로 인해 봄이 짧아지고 여름이 길어지며 가을과의 경계가 모호하며, 겨울로 접어드는 기후로 변해가고 있다. 이러한 기후변화는 지구 주변에 있는 태양의 움직임과 관련이 있기 때문에 이를 24계절 부문은 태양 달력 즉, 절기(節氣)와 이에 따른 강수량과 기온의 변화가 발생하고 있다. 이러한 24절기(節氣)로 우리 조상들은 농경사회에서 농사를 짓고, 좋은 날씨에 추수를 해왔다. 허나 절기(節氣) 이 또한 옛날과 비교해 강수량과 기온의 변화가 많이 달라져 현재 24절기에 따른 기후의 양상이 과거와는 많이 다르게 느껴지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강우와 기온의 변화양상을 24절기를 기준으로 분석하였다. 24절기사이의 강우량의 변화와 기온의 변화를 30년 이상의 관측소를 중심으로 평가한 결과 변화양상이 뚜렷하게 나타나는 절기가 여름에서 겨울로 변화하는 과정에서 강우량의 뚜렷한 증가 양상이 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 24절기는 용수공급문제에서 많은 양을 차지하고 있는 농업용수의 공급이 절기의 변화와 온난화로 인한 농업형태의 변화 등을 고려할 때 월별 또는 순별로 공급량을 분석하는 현재의 방법에서 변화를 모색할 방향을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, the environmental consciousness of Daegu citizen on conservation planning considering the regional characteristics was investigated. Data were collected throughout a survey and 1400 people were selected using a stratified sampling method based on populations of Daegu administration district. Results wee followings; First, the levels of environmental consciousness were different dependent on districts’ characteristics. Second, poor awareness on Daegu Agenda 21 (Clear and Green Daegu 21) were shown. Daegu Agenda 21 is the action plan for the sustainable environmental conservation activities of the City of Daegu. Third, waste was the most serious environmental problems of Daegu , air quality was second worst, and third was river water quality from the survey, but differentiated awareness was shown dependent on regional spatial factors and pollution emission factors. Last, a public environmental education was the most important issue to make invigorations and progress for future environmental policy.

To improve air quality around a broad way, Daegu Metropolitan city employed the clean-road system at a part of the broad way of Dalgubul (Daigubul-daero) in 2011. The clean–road system in general is operated two times (4 am, 2 pm) during summertime. In case of scorching alert, the system is operated 3 times a day (4 am, 2 pm and 4 pm). To evaluate the effect of air quality improvement due to the system, we analyzed the time variation of monthly mean particulate matter (PM10) concentration in recent 3 years (2011-2013). The improvement of air quality was estimated at about 5～15 % under the system.

We analyzed diurnal variations in the surface air temperature using the high density urban climate observation network in Daegu metropolitan city, the representative basin-type city in Korea, in summer, 2013. We used a total of 28 air temperature observation points data(16 thermometers and 12 AWSs). From the distribution of monthly average air temperature, air temperature at the center of Daegu was higher than the suburbs. Also, the days of daily minimum air temperature more than or equal to 25℃ and daily maximum air temperature more than or equal to 35℃ at the schools near the center of Daegu was more than those at other schools. This tendency appeared more clearly on the days of daily minimum air temperature more than or equal to 25℃. Also, the air temperature near the center of the city was higher than that of the suburbs in the early morning. Thus it was indicated that the air temperature was hard to decrease as the bottom of the basin. From these results, the influence of urbanization to the formation of the daily minimum temperature in Daegu was indicated.

As a rise in national income has resulted in the growth in tourism demand, many studies on developing and managing tourism resources were publicized. In this context, this study was conducted to analyze the demand and willingness to pay(WTP) using contingent valuation method for agricultural experience of Daegu Urban Agriculture Park and to suggest a proper participation fee. The survey targeting Daegu citizens was performed, and we obtained 346 valid samples. We carried out the logistic analysis and figured out that sex, age, education and alienation area for urban agriculture affected to probability of agricultural experience participation. As the result of estimating willingness to pay(WTP), the measured range with this samples was from 6,052 to 16,436won. Finally, we also attained 25,000won as the proper participation fee which enables maximum revenue by conducting the scenario analysis. These findings are important in setting up the construction plan and pricing the appropriate participation fee for Daegu Urban Agriculture Park.

This study, through the survey of citizens of Daegu in regard to the environment education experience and citizens perception, seeks to identify the order of importance and perception on the severity of environment. The survey has found that 36.4% citizens of Daegu have environment education experience. Those who have experience have high standard of living, live in high population density area and where pollutant generating plants are prevalent. In addition they are likely to live in apartment, are younger, and the higher the education level, more opportunities they have in getting environment education. The study has found that the environment education experience gives noticeable influence on environment perception, environment attitude, and environment activities. Also, those who have the environment education are likely to be interested in environment, know green growth policies, and are positive about local environment activities. Thus, they are willing to participate in activities to improve local environment and have emphasized the need for more environment education. As for what environment elements are most severe, they pointed to the "global warming and climate change" and "everyday garbage" and as for what are important, they chose "drinking water quality" and "global warming and climate change." Based on the study, we came to the conclusion that more environment education should be provided to elevate the interest in environment and subsequently, foster the sense of responsibility and civic mind toward the preservation of environment. In light of above, local governments must expand their supports and fully utilize the Local Agenda 21 to promote the education and increase the perception of citizens on the environment.

본고는 대구 북성로 산업공구골목의 한 철공 기술자의 일상사와 근현대 닥트공업의 실제(realities)를 생애 내러티브 방식으로 기록함으로써 당대 생활사와 특화거리로서의 생활공간에 대한 이해를 제고하는데 목적이 있다. 이는 근현대 기술자의 생애사 기록 작업으로서 중간 기술의 에스노그라피(ethnography)이다. 동시에 특정 공간의 기억을 통한 지역의 생활문화와 미시사의 이해이자 근현대 기술 변천사의 기록이기도 하다. 2대에 걸쳐 80여 년의 닥트공업 역사를 간직하고 있는 구술자 K장인의 생애 내러티브를 바탕으로 북성로 산업공구골목의 지역사와 문화의 측면에서 공간의 재생과 기억의 사회화를 위한 스토리텔링과 교육과정 활용 방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일제강점과 광복, 625전쟁 시기의 기억과 경험의 내러티브 속에는 당대의 역사적 사실들이 녹아들어 있으므로 자라나는 세대들에 대한 생생한 근현대사의 교육 자료로 활용 가능하다. 둘째, 북성로의 지역 미시사와 관련해서는 조선시대 대구읍장과 약령시, 경상감사 도임, 대구읍성, 객사(客舍), 순종 어가(御街) 및 광복과 전(戰)후 생활사의 맥락에서 접근할 수 있다. 셋째, 가정 생활용구의 변천사와 관련해서는 플라스틱 제품이 보급되기 이전에 활용되었던 함석으로 만든 용구의 종류와 생김새, 제작기법 등을 이야기해줄 필요가 있다. 넷째, 닥트공업의 주요 재료인 함석의 종류와 닥트 설비를 가공하기 위한 도구나 기계들의 명칭과 기능 및 사용방법을 설명해주고 닥트 생활용구 제작 체험프로그램을 실시함으로써 당대 생활문화에 대한 이해를 도울 수 있다. 다섯째, K장인의 구술생애사처럼 북성로 산업공구골목의 철공 기술자와 공구상의 삶을 구술 혹은 자술 형식으로 채록하여 문자와 사진, 동영상 등으로 기록함으로써 공간의 재생과 근현대 기억의 사회화를 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있다.

백악기 말기 불국사 관입암류에 해당하는 대구 대덕산 규장질 관입암체 내에서는 구형, 방사형의 두 가지 형태의 전기석 결정이 발견된다. 이 연구에서는 두 가지 형태를 보이는 전기석의 광물화학적인 특징과 더불어 결정화 환경이 형태적인 차이점에 끼친 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 두 전기석은 화학적으로 모두 철전기석에 해당하며, 구형 전기석은 방사형 전기석에 비해 Al이 풍부하고 Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Mg 등이 결핍되어 X 및 Y 사이트가 채워져 있지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 한편 확산규제결합(DLA) 모델에 의하면 결정의 성장형태가 불규칙적일수록 마그마의 유동이 활발하다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 방사형 전기석이 비교적 유동적인 환경에서 결정화되었음을 알 수 있으며, 마그마의 분화에 따라 고철질 성분에 비해 규장질 성분이 농집되면서 마그마 환경이 안정되고 구형의 전기석을 만들어 내기에 적합한 환경이 조성되었을 것이라 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 대구광역시 도시공원 중 대다수를 차지하고 있는 어린이공원 중 달서구에 위치한 4개 어린이 공원을 대상으로 CPTED 이론을 적용하여 이용자의 안전 만족도를 조사하고, 체크리스트를 바탕으로 CPTED 설계원칙에 따른 물리적 환경 적합도를 분석하여 그에 대한 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 우선 설문 조사를 통한 어린이공원 이용자의 심리적 · 물리적 안전 만족도를 조사하였는데, 응답자의 절반 이상이 공원에서의 범죄발생에 대하여 심리적 · 물리적 불안감을 느끼는 것으로 조사되었다. 공원별로는 미리내공원, 은하수공원, 목련공원, 샛별공원의 순으로 심리적 · 물리적 불안감이 높은 것으로 조사되어, 물리적 안전에 대한 낮은 만족도가 심리적인 범죄 불안감을 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 도시공원 · 녹지의 유형별 세부기준 등에 관한 지침을 바탕으로 다섯 가지 CPTED 설계원칙에 따른 14개 항목의 체크리스트 작성하여 현장 조사를 통한 범죄예방 환경설계의 물리적 환경에 관한 문제점을 찾고 종합적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 다섯 가지 설계원칙 중 ‘활동의 지원’이 가장 높은 물리적 환경 적합도를, ‘영역성 강화’도 보통이상의 적합도를 나타내었으나, ‘감시강화’, ‘유지관리’, ‘접근통제’에서는 보통이하로 나타나 공원의 범죄예방을 위해서는 이러한 측면을 강화한 재정비가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 향후 기존의 공원을 재정비할 경우 범죄예방을 위해서는 특히 다음과 같은 환경설계가 고려되어야 할 것으로 판단된다(National Police Agency, 2005; Seoul Metropolitan Government, 2009). 첫째, 관목의 경우 1-1.5m, 교목일 경우 지하고 1.8m 이상의 수목을 식재하여 시야확보를 통한 자연적 감시가 이루어지도록 해야한다. 둘째, 공원 내에 CCTV를 설치하여 기계적 감시를 강화하고, 경고문 부착, 관리사무실 설치 등 범죄자를 미리 차단시키는 접근 통제가 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 공원 경계에 설치하는 담장은 자연적 감시를 위해 투시형으로 설치하며, 주출입구가 아닌 곳으로의 접근을 통제하기 위해 높이는 1.5m-1.8m로 제한한다. 또한, 경계부분에 생울타리를 식재 할 경우 자연감시와 접근통제를 위해 수고를 1-1.5m로 제한한다. 넷째, 공원 안내판은 주출입구의 잘 보이는 곳에 설치하며, 이용준수사항, 공원이용시간, 금지사항 등의 내용을 기재해야 한다. 다섯째, 공원 내 · 외부의 환경 정리를 철저히 하여 항시 깨끗한 상태를 유지하고, 공원 주변을 주차금지구역으로 지정하여 차량으로 인한 내부 감시 차단을 방지하며, 건물, 시설물, 수목 등으로 인한 사각지대가 발생하지 않도록 지속적으로 관리해야 한다. 여섯째, 공원 내의 시설물에 대한 유지관리를 철저히 하며, 훼손된 시설물에 대해서는 빠른 시일 내에 보수 및 교체가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 조사대상지를 대구광역시 달서구에 위치한 어린이공원 4곳으로 한정하였기 때문에 모든 도시공원에 적용할 수 있는 결과를 도출하기 위해서는 보다 다양한 유형의 공원을 대상으로 한 연구가 필요하다. 특히, 범죄에 취약한 계층인 어린이, 여성 및 노년층 중심으로 CPTED 체크리스트를 바탕으로한 설문조사 및 이들의 행태에 따른 현장조사가 강화된다면 범죄예방 환경설계에 유용한 결과가 도출될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 도시공원의 개별적인 물리적 환경과 범죄불안감과의 직접적인 관계를 파악할 필요가 있는데, 물리적 환경에 따른 이용자들의 이용 행태가 어떠한 유형의 범죄에 대한 불안감을 유도하는지 파악한다면 보다 구체적인 범죄예방 설계방향이 제시될 수 있을 것으로 판단한다.

We examined urban heat island intensity in Seongseo, Dae gu, South Korea, where a large area of water is located within the suburb. We found a maximum urban heat island intensity of 4.2℃, which occurred around 7 PM in the summer season. Throughout the remainder of the year, we observed the largest heat island intensity levels during late night hours. In contrast, the winter season displayed the smallest values for heat island intensity. Our results conflicted with heat island intensity values for cities where suburbs did not contain water areas. Generally, cities with suburbs lacking water displayed the largest heat island intensity levels before sunrise in the winter season. We also observed negative urban heat island intensity levels at midday in all seasons except for the summer, which is also in contrast with studies examining suburbs lacking water areas. The heat island intensity value observed in this study (4.2℃) was relatively large and fell between the averages for, Asia and Europe according to the relationship between urban population and heat island intensity.

This study aims to examine the actual status of the urban heat island in Daegu by analyzing the data of 17 automatic weather stations installed in the Daegu area. And the results can be summarized as follows: First, regarding the temperature distribution in Daegu by summer time zones, for the 31 days(August 1st till 31st), 18 days showed daily maximum temperature over 30℃, and 11 days indicated daily minimum temperature over 25℃. The day that showed the highest daily maximum temperature was August 5th, which indicated 36℃. Second, about the spatial distribution of time ratio exceeding 30℃and 25℃, the area with the highest time ratio exceeding 30℃is mostly the downtown(central area), eastern area, and northern area. Meanwhile, regarding the time ratio exceeding 25℃, the downtown area centering around the central area were high as over 70％, and the outskirts were low as under 65％. Third, considering the temporal distribution of daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature, daily maximum temperature was shown around 14:00 to 15:00 while the daily minimum temperature was indicated around 17:00 to 18:00. Daily maximum and minimum temperature were appeared at northeast and downtown, respectively. Fourth, regarding the spatial distribution of tropical days and tropical night days, tropical days showed 77％and tropical night days indicated 42% before and after the 24th and also the 13th each. Tropical days were occurred up to 24 days at northeastern area. And the southwestern area of Daegu showed under 22 days. The downtown showed the 14 days of the tropical night. However, the outskirts indicated relatively few days as under 10 days. Fifth, about the spatial distribution of the average daily temperature range (the difference between the highest temperature and lowest temperature), the central area, the central part of the city, showed the smallest as 7.2℃, and as it was closer to the northern area, it became larger, so in the eastern and northern area, it was over 8.8℃or so.

The purpose of this study is to survey on parents' preference and estimate parents' Willingness to pay(WTP) for after-school rural experience program in daegu city by choice experiment(CE). The results of this study are as follows; First, we divided after-school rural experience program into three types, namely: nature seeing, play exercise and learning experience. Second, the study has shown that parents prefer learning experience among those after-school rural experience programs. Among attributes which form a experience program, instructor certificates, consuming time and expense for participant are statistically effecting significant impact. Third, the result of estimation on willingness to pay for development of after-school rural experience program is as follow. The willingness to pay for learning experience is 6,337won, willingness to pay for instructor certificates is 14,102won and it for consuming time is 2,926won. Therefore, composition centering learning experience is better and instructor who has expert certificate is required. It is much better to compose that the consuming time is longer and the expense for experience is lower. But there is limitation because this survey was conducted based on an assumption, so it could read over estimation problem. The result of this study may provide useful information to develop after-school rural experience program using rural resources and to improve rural tourism policy.

This study was conducted to investigate the perception of the management of food service in schools. The subjects consisted of 271 school dietitians in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. The questionnaire included the food temperature management and the frequency of the food quality confirmation. The sanitation performance of the delivery workers was evaluated with a 5-point Likert scale. The food items for which the proper temperatures while they were being received were difficult to maintain were as follows: ready-to-use vegetables, 49.8%; frozen foods, 30.3%; and fish paste, 27.7%. The frequencies of the food quality confirmation whenever the foods were received were as follows: for beef, 87.5%; pork, 84.5%; chicken, 84.1%; eggs, 73.4%; seafood, 59.4%; and processed foods, 52.8%. The total mean score of the dietitian-perceived sanitation management performance of the delivery workers was 3.86/5.00. The school dietitians said the percentage of the mixed delivery of food items in vans was 80.4%. The percentage of the dietitians who thought this mixed delivery influenced food sanitation and quality was 92.3%. Therefore, safe foods should be supplied to schools with a thorough inspection process and hygiene education, and professional research is required on the appropriate inspection process.

This study was conducted to investigate the food purchasing management of school food services. The subjects consisted of 271 school dietitians in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. The percentages of ready-to-use vegetables actually being used were as follows: root of balloon flowers, 88.4%; garlic, 87.8%; blanched bracken, 80.1%; raw lotus root, 65.7%; burdock, 63.5%; small green onion, 63.5%; stem of taro, 57.6%; ginger, 35.1%; radish root, 30.6%; blanched asterscaber, 29.2%; large type welsh onion, 25.8%; carrot, 25.5%; onion, 21.4%; and potato, 8.9%. The percentages of HACCP-certified products being used were as follows: meat, 75.9%; eggs, 66.7%; soybean curds, 65.5%; ready-to-use seafood, 55.1%; starch jellies, 49.9%; spice, 44.9%; kimchi, 30.9%; ready-to-use vegetables, 22.7%; and fruits, 6.9%. The percentages of environment-friendly food items being used were as follows: eggs, 31.0%; meat, 28.7%; soybean curds, 22.1%; and fruits, 17.7%. Of these food items, meat and ready-to-use seafood were being used the most in the elementary schools. The percentages of imported food items being used were as follows: starch jelly, 29.2%; ready-to-use seafood, 24.7%; soybean curds, 20.5%; spice, 15.9%; and fruits, 10.1%. The food items requiring HACCP certification were as follows: beef and pork, 81.5%; chicken, 80.1%; ready-to-use seafood, 78.6%; frozen dumplings, 73.8%; soybean curds, 71.6%; peeled eggs, 70.8%; fish paste, 69.4%; starch jelly, 65.7%; milk, 63.1%; kimchi, 54.6%; spice, 50.6%; frozen noodle, 45.4%; ready-to-use vegetables, 44.3%; and bean sprouts, 29.5%. It was confirmed that 8.1% of the sanitation monitoring results were intentionally misreported. Therefore, to supply good and safe foods to schools, active management is needed in schools and food manufacturing and delivery companies.

In this study, thermal environment changes for a marathon course of IAAF World Championship, Daegu 2011 were modeled to provide improvements of thermal environment, so that runners could have the maximum condition and citizens pleasant streets. The three biggest size of intersections were selected for the study. Envi-met, 3G microclimate model, were used for a thermal environment analysis and three different cases - present status, planting roadside tree scenario, and roof-garden scenario - were compared. The followings are the results of the study. 1. The highest thermal distribution were shown at 1 p.m., but there was no significant difference between a thermal distribution at 1 p.m. and that at 5 p.m. since a heat flux from buildings affects thermal distributions rather than insolation does. 2. Tree planting or adding environmental friendly factors might lead a temperature drop effect, but the effect was not significant for areas covered with impermeability packing materials such as concrete or asphalt (especally, for Site case 2) 3. The combination of tree planting and adding environmental friendly factors also brought a temperature drop effect (Site 1 and 2) and this case showed even better result if green spaces (especially, parks) were closed.