Mushrooms in Naejangsan National Park between May and September of 2021 have been surveyed. In this period, a total of 4 divisions, 9 classes, 25 orders, 72 families, 171 genera, and 381 species, including 3 climate-sensitive biological indicator species were found. The order in which the most diverse array of species was observed is Agaricales, which includes 24 families, 64 genera, and 170 species. Among these, the genus Russula was dominant, with 30 species, followed by the genus Amanita with 27 species. Among the 12 grids we investigated, species diversity was greatest in grid F5, in which 56 species of mushrooms were found. In particular, a large number of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, including Russula spp. and Lactarius spp. were recognized. We presume that the gentle slopes and the low occurrence of Sasa borealis in this area may create a favorable environment for wild mushrooms. In corroboration, some grids (e.g. F6, F8, and F10) covering steep slopes and harboring large numbers of Sasa borealis contained only 19 species. Based on DNA sequence analysis, the NJ21064 was identified as Chlorophyllum hortense, which is newly recorded in Korea.

『대육임필법부(大六壬畢法賦)』는 남송의 능복지(凌福之)가 저술한 육임 고 전이다. 이 고전에는 고시⋅관직과 관련된 이론이 수 곳에 산재(散在)되어 있 어서 일목요연하게 정리되어 있지도 않거니와, 고시⋅관직론을 관통하는 사 상이 앞선 육임의 선행 연구에서 규명되어 있지도 않다. 이러하므로 본고에서 는 『대육임필법부』에 흩어져 있는 고시⋅관직론을 취합(聚合)해서 그 이론을 분석하는 방법으로 『대육임필법부』의 고시⋅관직론을 관통하는 사상을 연구 하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 동양의 음양오행사상이다. 음양사상과 관련된 것에는 육양격, 오행과 관련된 사상에는 관성(官星)이 있다. 과전(課傳)의 육양(六陽)이 양을 가리키므 로 음양사상과 관련이 있고, 일간의 관성은 오행의 생극(生剋)에서 비롯되었 으므로 오행사상과 관련이 있다. 둘째, 동양의 천문사상이다. 하늘의 적도를 따라 남북에 있는 별들을 28개 구획으로 구분한 것이 28수이고 이 28수는 12 지에 배속되어 있다. 丑에 배속되어 있는 두(斗)와 未에 배속되어 있는 귀(鬼) 가 일간 및 연명(年命)에서 서로 가(加)하면 고시에 합격한다는 ‘두귀상가격(斗 鬼相加格)’, 일덕귀인이 亥에 가하면 고위직 관리가 된다는 ‘덕입천문격(天門格)’은 모두 동양의 천문사상에서 비롯된 것이다. 또한 12천장의 수장(首 將)으로서 나머지 11천장을 부리는 천을귀인이 자미원에서 천황대제를 보좌 하는 ‘천일(天一)’을 뜻하고, 12천장의 주작이 천을귀인의 명령을 따르므로, 천 을귀인 및 주작과 관련된 여러 격(格)들은 동양의 천문사상에서 비롯된 것이 라고 할 수 있다.

PURPOSES : To efficiently manage pavements, a systematic pavement management system must be established based on regional characteristics. Suppose that the future conditions of a pavement section can be predicted based on data obtained at present. In this case, a more reasonable road maintenance strategy should be established. Hence, a prediction model of the annual surface distress (SD) change for national highway pavements in Gangwon-do, Korea is developed based on influencing factors. METHODS : To develop the model, pavement performance data and influencing factors were obtained. Exploratory data analysis was performed to analyze the data acquired, and the results show that the data were preprocessed. The variables used for model development were selected via correlation analysis, where variables such as surface distress, international roughness index, daily temperature range, and heat wave days were used. Best subset regression was performed, where the candidate model was selected from all possible subsets based on certain criteria. The final model was selected based on an algorithm developed for rational model selection. The sensitivity of the annual SD change was analyzed based on the variables of the final model. RESULTS : The result of the sensitivity analysis shows that the annual SD change is affected by the variables in the following order: surface distress ˃ heat wave days ˃ daily temperature range ˃ international roughness index. CONCLUSIONS : An annual SD change prediction model is developed by considering the present performance, traffic volume, and climatic conditions. The model can facilitate the establishment of a reasonable road maintenance strategy. The prediction accuracy can be improved by obtaining additional data, such as the construction quality, material properties, and pavement thickness.

서남해안 대형저서무척추동물의 출현종 조성을 알아보기 위해 완도와 조도 18개 정점의 암반조간대에서 2014년부터 2021년 까지 6~9월에 7회 조사하였다. 완도와 조도 암반조간대에서 출현한 대형저서무척추동물은 220종, 645개체/㎡이었다. 종수는 완도 165종, 조도 167종으로 유사하였다. 평균밀도는 완도 726개체/㎡, 조도 564개체/㎡로 완도가 다소 높았다. 종수는 정점 15에서 116종으로 가장 많았고, 밀도는 정점 7에서 1,664개체/㎡로 높게 나타났다. 우점종은 좁쌀무늬총알고둥이 175개체/㎡(27.1%)로 가장 우점하였고, 총알고 둥 97개체/㎡(15.1%), 갈고둥은 41개체/㎡(6.3%)순으로 출현하였다. 기후변화지표종인 검은큰따개비가 15개 정점에서 출현하였고, 고유종 인 털채찍해조숨이옆새우도 일부 정점에서 출현하였다. 국가적색목록(Red List) 중에 절멸위험(Extinction risk)의 가장 낮은 수준인 준위 협의 모난어깨긴뿔고둥이 조도에서 출현하였다. 완도와 조도의 대형저서무척추동물은 우리나라 암반조간대 해안에서 나타나는 일반적 인 특징을 보였다. 암반조간대 해안은 조위에 따른 노출 시간과 암반의 기질에 따라 수직적인 분포 경향을 보였으며, 완도와 조도는 좁쌀무늬총알고둥, 총알고둥, 조무래기따개비, 대수리 등 우점하여 서식지 분포 양상이 유사하였다.

오대산국립공원 내 뱀류 로드킬의 발생 경향 파악 및 예방을 위하여 2006-2017년 사이 공원 내에서 발생한 뱀류 로드킬 자료를 확보 및 분석하였고, 잠재적 발생지 예측을 위하여 종분포모델을 제작하였다. 연구기간 동안 뱀류 로드킬 은 600m 대의 양쪽 환경이 산림-수계인 도로에서 가장 많이 발생하였다. 모델링 결과에서 뱀류 로드킬 발생 가능성은 고도 700m 이하의 하천과의 거리가 25m 부근인 완만한 경사의 도로의 로드킬 발생확률이 높게 나타났다. 국립공원 내 주요 로드킬발생 예측지역은 국도 6호선 도로 위 공원 남쪽 경계로부터 약 2.2㎞ 지역과 약 11.7㎞ 지역이, 지방도 446호선 도로 위 공원 남쪽 경계로부터 약 3.44㎞ 지역이었다. 본 연구결과는 해발고도 700m 이하 수계와 인접한 도로 주변에 우선적으로 대체 일광욕 장소, 생태통로 및 도로의 유입을 막는 울타리의 설치가 산림에서 뱀류 로드킬을 줄이는 효과적인 방안이 될 것을 제시한다.

This study investigated the association between dietary intake and 10-year risk for CHD predicted from Framingham risk score in Korean adults using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2020. Eight thousand subjects (3,382 men and 4,618 women) aged 30 years or older were classified into three groups according to the 10-year CHD risk (%). The sociodemographics, anthropometrics indices, blood profiles, and dietary intake were collected. After adjusting for confounding variables, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) decreased for both men and women as the disease risk increased. The high–risk group was below the MAR criteria, indicating that the overall quality of the meal was not good. The highest consumers of legumes (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.84), fruits (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48-0.93), and fish (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.87) had a 44%, 33%, and 40% lower 10-year CHD risk than lowest consumers in men, respectively. In women, there is no significant relationship between food groups and disease risk. Therefore, improving lifestyle habits such as weight control, increased activity, and adequate food intake, especially legumes, fruits, and fish rich in antioxidant nutrients and bioactive substances, appears to have a potential association with preventing coronary heart disease in Korean adults.

For national security, approximately 500 facilities have been designated as national security facilities. It is divided into grades A, B, and C depending on the fields such as electrics, energy and public service. In 2016, KINAC developed and suggested the installation standards and evaluation indicators for security equipment for national security facilities and they have been utilized to evaluate and manage the facilities. In order to update them by reflecting the recent security trend of the facilities and new technology, KINAC have investigated and updated the installation standards and evaluation indicators for security equipment. As a part of developing installation standards and evaluation indicators for national security facilities project, we conducted survey to identify the status and capabilities of facilities: how the security system is well designed, which type of security equipment is utilized. According to the results, the passive infrared (PIR) sensor is commonly used for interior intrusion detection (not included in 2016 project). Therefore, we investigated the passive infrared sensor and provided its installation standards and evaluation indicators. PIR sensor detects the energy generated by the objects which is different as their temperatures. PIR sensors do not emit any energy like active infrared sensor, and do not measure the energy. Rather, PIRs measure variation in thermal radiation. PIR sensor detects thermal energy by sensing the change between a heat source and the background temperature. In this paper, the characteristics and features of PIR sensor were discussed. Considering them, the standards and indicators to install/evaluated the PIR sensors were also proposed. The results would support national security facility to design and evaluate their security system.

By Foreign Trade Act and the relevant laws, any organization which intends to export strategic items shall be classified whether the products, S/W, or technology are strategic items and obtain an export license from the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) in case those are nuclearrelated strategic items. The NSSC and KINAC conduct outreach activities to enhance the recognition and implementation of nuclear export and import control. However, ensuring that all target organizations identify and comply with relevant legislation and laws is difficult. Therefore, the government and regulators should continuously make efforts to reduce blind spots for nuclear export and import control. KINAC established the National Nuclear Technology Information Collection and Analysis System (NNTICAS) to find nuclear-related companies through online website information of various companies and to list organizations that handle nuclear-related strategic items. Based on the NICE corporate information website, NNTICAS finds related companies using dynamic collection methods through interactions such as search word input, search button input, check box click, and collected text from each company website using static collection methods through URL address access and HTML source code extraction. After that, the text contained on the company website is analyzed to check whether the predefined normalized word is included, and if the normalized word appears at a certain number or higher, it is judged as a potential target company dealing with nuclearrelated strategic items. Information on the potential target company is compared with the export controlled item list and finally classified as a target company dealing with nuclear-related strategic items. According to the comparison a manually analyzed result of potential target companies and finally selected target companies NNTICAS, it is confirmed that predefined normalized words need to be more detailed, and a controlled item list such as axes (0B001.b.2) needs to be additionally processed. In addition, if the collection is repeated without completing the previous classification of the collected corporate information, it is also possible to collect companies in cosmetics, semiconductors, and displays. Although it was confirmed that some supplementation is needed to use this system to select target companies for the outreach activity, it is also confirmed that target companies for outreach activity can be expanded through this system and is expected to increase the implementation rate and reduce the blind spot for nuclear export and import control.

PURPOSES : There are significant differences in traffic accident rates depending on various road conditions and environments. However, the current traffic accident rates on national highways are classified relatively simply, and it is also difficult to accurately calculate the crash modification factor. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the traffic accident rates on national highways by presenting an algorithm for categorizing the traffic accident rates of national highway into four types (older and modern roads, and urban and rural roads). METHODS : The problems in the current rate of traffic accidents were derived, Traffic accident analysis system(TAAS) was used for the traffic accident data, and the road traffic volume statistical yearbook was used for the traffic volume data. After dividing the national highways into older and modern roads and urban and rural roads, the rates of traffic accidents were calculated and compared with the current accident rates. RESULTS : The accident rate of modern roads was found to be lower than that of older roads, and was lower in rural areas than in urban areas. From comparing the results of this study with Korea development institute(KDI) guidelines, older roads and urban roads exceeded the value in the KDI guideline, whereas the rates of modern roads and rural roads were lower than the KDI value. CONCLUSIONS : The accident rate accuracy was improved by subdividing the accident rates into four types. Therefore, it is expected that the accuracy and reliability of economic analysis on road projects will be improved.