본 연구는 우리나라의 1990-2014년 시계열 자료를 활용하여 물 효율성, 경제성장, 전력생산 및 이산화탄소 배출 간의 장·단기 인과관계를 실증적 으로 분석하였다. 기존 연구들이 경제성장, 이산화탄소 배출 및 전력 및 에너지에 국한되어 분석을 한 반면 본 연구는 기존 변수들과 더불어 물 효율성과의 관계를 설명하였다는 기여를 가지고 있다. 실증분석결과를 살펴보면, 네 변수들은 단기조정관계를 통해 장기적으로 균형상태에 도달한다는 것과 변수들 간의 인과관계에서 이산화탄소 배출과 경제성장은 물 효율성의 원인이 되고 이산화탄소 배출과 경제성장 및 물 효율성은 전력생산의 원인이 된다는 사실을 발견하였다. 또한 물 효율성에 대한 장기 영향계수 추정결과를 통해 전력생산의 증가와 경제성장 및 이산화탄소 배출의 감소는 물 효율성을 증가시키며, 일정 수준 이상의 경제성장은 물 효율성의 증가속도를 감소시킨다는 경제성장과 물 효율성의 역U자형 관계를 확인하였다.

Shipping containers promote rapid development of the transport industry, and generate economic and social value. However, problems often occur due to imbalance in dynamics between exports and imports, container relocation, traffic congestion, and general shipping network designs. So, efficient and cost-effective cargo management has become crucial for the Jeju Island – Mokpo container route (JMCR) in South Korea. Dozens of recent studies reveal that collapsible or foldable containers, may become an innovative solution to problematic issues within the shipping industry. The major purpose of this study is to discuss conditions required for successful commercial application of foldable containers, based on a cost-benefit analysis precisely for the JMCR. Findings reveal usage of foldable containers can be cost-effective, if containers make a “FULL<->EMPTY” route. To the contrary, a “FULL<->FULL” route can drastically increase expenditure. However, economic analysis of actual figures for 2010-2015 indicate that benefits for Mokpo – Jeju direction are significant to cover losses on the Jeju – Mokpo line. Seasonal patterns and mixing percentages of foldable and standard containers on the route, may also produce cost-effective solutions. Sensitivity analysis reveals that benefits from using foldable containers, depend mostly on empty container shares in addition to various extra costs.

Global issues, such as resource depletion, reduction of greenhouse emissions, etc., have been raised. Environmental issues regarding resources and energy are addressed by various industries that provide products and services. However, industries related to the environment have been separated and controlled. Industries related to the environment exist internationally. The Initiative of the environmental industry is the same as the final objective for protecting the environment, but it is different according to the subcategories or indicators of the industry. In this study, the economic effects of the uni-materialization-related industry on Korea by using the inter-industry related to the pollution prevention were analyzed in accordance with using I-O methodology, reflected by a sector of I-O. This study analyzed the unimaterialization industry being specified as exogenous in order to identify the economic effects of the industry on other industries, using the 2014 I-O table data. The economic effects include production, value-adding and employmentinducing, supply-shortage, price-pervasive, and analysis of inter-industrial linkage. The results of the analysis concluded that primary metal products are highest in the production-inducing effect, whereas wholesale and retail trade is the highest in value-added inducing and employment-inducing effects. Construction is the highest in the supply-shortage effects, and other precision instruments are the highest in price-pervasive effects. Based on these results, although the unimaterialization- related industry plays a large role in intermediary products, it is necessary to promote investment in materials and components industries to increase the technological competitiveness of the uni-materialization-related industry that are still highly dependent on imports. Also this study has a limitation that draws economic effects of the industry related to exact resource circulation because of no systematic categories of environmental industries.

1996년부터 환경부에서 시행된 전국폐기물통계조사는 매 5년을 주기로 조사를 실시하며 폐기물의 종류별 발생 및 처리현황 파악 및 폐기물 발생원에 따른 발생원단위를 산정한다. 우리나라 현행 ｢폐기물관리법｣ 상에서는 폐기물을 생활계와 사업장계로 분류하고 있으며 사업장폐기물은 사업장일반계, 건설폐기물계, 지정폐기물계로 분류하고 있음. 지정폐기물계는 폐유, 폐산 등 환경을 오염시킬 수 있는 폐기물과 인체조직, 실험동물 사체 등의 의료폐기물로 규정하고 있다. 사업장 폐기물의 경우 올바로 시스템에 매년 실적보고를 하며 전국폐기물통계조사는 실적보고 자료와 별도의 추가 설문조사를 통해 사업장의 경제데이터를 확보한다. 제 5차 전국폐기물통계조사에서는 객관성 높은 통계 자료를 얻기 위해 모든 폐기물에 동일한 방법론을 적용했던 기존의 조사･분석 방법에서 사업장에 특성에 따른 조사를 실시하였고 무응답 조정 가중치 산출, 캘리브레이션 가중치 산출, 변동계수 산출 등 통계적 기법을 추가하였다. 의료폐기물과 지정폐기물의 경우 분석 시 공동운영기구 등 실적보고 대행업체를 고려, 원단위 오차를 줄였다. 의료폐기물은 격리의료폐기물, 병리계폐기물, 생물화학폐기물 등 총 8종이 있다. 전국폐기물 통계조사에서는 의료폐기물을 배출하는 업체를 종합병원, 병원, 의원 등 9개의 항목으로 구분하였고, 종사자수, 건물면적, 병상 수 등의 경제데이터를 수집하여 경제데이터 당 발생원단위를 산정하였다. 제 5차 전국 폐기물 통계조사에서 처음으로 신설된 항목은 병상 수(bed 수)이다. 법적으로 의료기관 구분 시병상 수를 기준으로 나눈다. 특히 의료기관의 경제데이터별 발생원단위를 살펴보면 종사자수, 건물면적보다 병상 수와 의료폐기물 발생량의 상관성이 높음을 볼 수 있다. 따라서 향후 통계조사에서 병상 수 항목을 유지하여 시계열성을 확보한다면 보다 활용도 높은 통계결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

최근 물 사용량의 증가와 잦은 가뭄 발생으로 인해 물 부족 현상이 심화되고 있다. 따라서 기존 취수원에 대한 의존도를 줄이고 버려졌던 물의 재이용을 활성화하여 친환경적이며 지속가능한 대체수원을 확보할 필요성이 부각되고 있다. 국내에서 활용가능한 물 재이용 방법은 빗물재이용, 중수재이용 및 하수재이용 등 크게 세 가지로 구분할 수 있으나, 아직 국내에는 물 재이용이 활발하게 추진되고 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 세 가지 물 재이용 방안 중 연중 발생량이 일정하고 이용가능 수량이 많으며, 수질이 비교적 양호한 하수재이용수의 활용방안을 모색하였다. 적용대상 지역으로 선정한 용인시는 총 26곳의 골프장이 운영 중에 있으며 이는 전국에서 운영 중인 골프장의 약 10%에 해당한다. 골프장은 시설 운영을 위해 많은 양의 용수를 소비하는 대규모 수요처이므로 재이용수를 활용한다면 큰 경제적, 사회 ․ 환경적 편익을 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 용인시를 대상으로 하수처리장 인근에 위치한 골프장 내 조경용수로 하수재이용수를 활용하였을 경우의 경제적 효과를 비용 및 편익 추정을 통해 분석하였다.

This study analyzes an economic efficiency of environmental friendly farm and conventional farm using the data envelopment analysis (DEA). We compare the economic efficiency of Environmental Friendly farm and Conventional farm. We also analyze the effects of some explanatory variables on allocative efficiency (AE), pure technology efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE). In the case of strawberries farm, environmental friendly farm has higher overall efficiency (OE) than conventional farm. But tomatoes farm has higher overall efficiency (OE) than conventional farm. And We measure returns to scale of farms. Most strawberries and tomatoes farms showed Increasing to Scale (IRS).

This study analyzes the impacts of agricultural water shortages in Korea using a combined top-down and bottom-up model. A multi-region multi-output agricultural sector model with detailed descriptions of production technologies and water and land resource constraints has been combined with a standard CGE model. The impacts of four different water shortage scenarios were simulated. It is shown that an active adaptation of crop choices occurs in even the regions with relatively abundant water resources in order to respond to the change in relative output prices caused by water shortages. We found that although the losses in production values are not quite large despite water shortages due to the price feedbacks, the loss in GDP is substantial. We show that our combined approach has advantages in deriving region and product specific production effects as well as the overall GDP loss effect of water shortages.

Purpose - This study aims to analyze the effects of the social support on the economic activities from the Korean Chinese residing in Korea. Particularly, this paper focuses on the consequence of the economic activity intention according to the three kinds of social support. Research design, data, and methodology - For the statistics process of data collected by this survey, SPSS 19 statistics package program was used through data-coding and data-cleaning processes to analyze the data in this study. Results - This hypothesis was selected partially. As a result of investigating hypotheses in detail, Hypothesis 1-2 was significant as shown in the significance level 0.1, and when the emotional support was regarded important, the will of economic activities was also higher. Hypothesis 1-2 was found to be meaningful with the significance level of 0.05, and when the social support was regarded important, the will of economic activities was also higher. Lastly, Hypothesis 1-3 was found to not be statistically significant. Conclusions - The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for vitalization of the Korean Chinese’ economic activities and governmental support for it, and to be a guideline in preparing successful strategies for expansion of the Korean Chinese’ economic activities in the future by applying these results.

산업활동으로 인한 대량생산, 대량소비, 대량폐기의 사회체계는 자원고갈, 지구온난화 등의 환경문제를 유발시켜 인류의 지속가능성을 위협하고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 자원순환형 사회체계 구축은 다양성, 자립성, 안전성, 순환성을 강조하는 지속가능성의 관점에서 인류의 생존을 위한 필수적인 방향으로 인식되고 있다. 자원순환형 경제 및 산업구조 구축을 위해서는 자원순환기술의 개발을 통한 폐기물의 자원화 실현이 수행되어야 한다. 한편 폐기물 자원화를 위한 재활용기술 역시 공정가동을 위해 사용되는 에너지 및 자원으로 인해 환경오염이 발생되고, 경제적인 측면에서 새로운 자원을 채취하는 것보다 많은 비용을 발생시킬 수 있다. 따라서 재활용재와 신재에 대한 전과정평가 수행을 통해 환경·경제적 가치를 분석하고 재활용 기술의 경쟁력 증진을 위한 개선안을 도출하는 것은 지속가능한 자원순환형 경제 및 산업구조 구축을 위해 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 LCD, 반도체 등의 생산공정에서 발생하는 공정폐액에서 귀금속(금, 은)을 회수하는 재활용 기술을 대상으로 전과정평가를 수행하여 지구온난화, 자원소모, 산성화, 부영양화, 광화학적산화물생성의 5대 영향 범주에 대해 환경영향을 평가하였다. 공정폐액 1L 처리 시 지구온난화 영향은 5.26E-02 kg CO2 eq., 자원소모 영향은 3.06E-04 kg Sb eq., 산성화 영향은 1.31E-04 kg SO2 eq. 부영양화 영향은 9.70E-05 kg PO43- eq., 광화학적산화물생성 영향은 5.82E-05 kg C2H4 eq.로 도출되었다. 전과정평가 결과를 바탕으로 공정폐액 재활용 기술을 통해 회수되는 재생금의 환경･경제적 가치 분석을 수행하였다. 5대 영향범주에 대해 비용편익 분석기법에 기초하여 사회적 편익을 포함하는 영향범주 별 경제적 원단위를 적용하였다. 공정폐액을 재활용하여 회수되는 재생금 1kg을 기준으로 평가하였을 때 환경･경제적으로 31,481원의 이득을 취할 수 있으며, 공정 1cycle인 300,000L의 공정폐액을 처리할 경우 85.8kg의 재생금이 생산되므로 2,691,651원의 이득을 얻을 수 있다. 공정폐액 재활용 기술에 대한 전체 환경영향 범주에 있어 전기와 KCN으로 인한 기여도가 가장 크므로 에너지 효율을 위한 에너지원 변경 및 신재생에너지 적용 등의 방안 및 KCN을 대체 할 수 있는 물질에 대한 원단위 환경영향 비교가 필요하다. 또한, 금, 은에 대한 환경영향 회피효과가 매우 크고, 경제성 또한 확보되기 때문에 다양한 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

In this study, dynamic characteristics were analyzed by field measurement and experiment mode analysis on a vertical axis wind turbine with resonance issue, and dynamic model modification was also carried out by concrete filling inside the steel tower. Finally, the overall power generation and economic efficiency due to the extension of the range of rotor rotational speed was also analyzed.

As an important aspect of vulnerability ,economic vulnerability is a research hot issue in vulnerability and Tourism sustainability research field. On the basis of defining vulnerability, the paper combines vulnerability with the tourism economic system. Taking the Yellow River delta efficient ecological economic zone as an example, the paper establishes an assessment model of tourism economic system vulnerability, and evaluates the tourism economic system vulnerability using the entropy method and the comprehensive evaluation method. Using obstacle degree analyze the main obstacle factors of cities in the paper . The evaluation result is that the Yellow River delta efficient ecological economic zone has a vulnerable tourism economic system, which is almost in line with the actual situation.

This paper analyzes economic efficiency of strawberries and tomatoes farms using the data envelopment analysis (DEA). We examine how production characteristics and farm size affect overall efficiency (OE), allocative efficiency (AE), and technological efficiency (TE). We also survey sample farm households from the Farm Income Investigation database of Rural Development Administration to investigate management and cultivation techniques and to analyze economic efficiency by technique. Implications for improving efficiency are suggested in the conclusion.

This study uses an endogenous economic growth model to determine the long run relationship between trade openness and economic growth in China by using the data 1975-2009.It contributes to the literature by developing trade openness index. An autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration and rolling regression method are employed. This study tests the link between trade openness and economic growth in the case of China by using the framework of endogenous economic growth model. This study also employs the rolling window regression method in order to examine the stability of coefficients throughout the sample span. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration technique and rolling regression method are used. The empirical findings indicate that trade openness (i.e. Both individual trade indicator and composite trade openness index) are positively related to economic growth in the long run and short run. Our results indicate that trade openness as measured by individual trade indicator and composite trade openness index are positively related to economic growth in the long run and short run. However, results from the rolling window suggest that trade openness is negatively linked to economic growth only for a number of years.

This study analyzes an economic efficiencies of apples, pears, and grapes farming. We evaluate an annual economic overall efficiency (OE), allocative efficiency (AE), technology efficiency (TE), pure technology efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency (SE) using data envelopment analysis (DEA). We also measure returns to scale of farms, and the change of technical efficiency of frontier farms. Lastly we estimate the effects of some explanatory variables on allocative, pure technical, and scale efficiencies.

This study analyzed the regional economic feasibility of greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction technology in paddy rice. Firstly, the impact of GHGs reduction technol-ogy on productivity, emission reduction, and costs is different from region to region. Secondly, the water irrigation system contributes to productivity, GHGs reduction, and water reduction, but the profit of paddy rice will decrease because of increase in fixed costs and variable costs. Thirdly, the economic feasibility shows that water-savings plot has a 1.41 in a benefit-cost ratio.

The objective of this study is to analyze how much economic impact is changed before and after the designation as biosphere reserve area by tourism. The subject region of this study is Hajun mud village which is the famous place to experience eco-tourism located in Gochang-gun. This region has been designated as a UNESCO biosphere reserve in 2013. In order to estimate the regional economic effects, we employ a regional input-output model which is derived by a RAS method. Using regional input-output model analysis, this study estimates direct and indirect effects of tourist’s expenditure on experience of Hajun mud village in Gochang-gun across associated industries between 2011 and 2013. Also, we tried to calculate a net increase in number of visitors in 2013 with considering the trend of tourist in this region and estimate a net regional economic effect after the designation as a biosphere reserve area by tourism. The empirical result could be summarized as follows : (1) the change of production inducement effect shows that regional outputs is approximately increased by 386 million won between 2011 and 2013, (2) regional value-added is increased by 223 million won during the same period, (3) regional employment is approximately increased by 20 according to the labor inducement effects of expanding tourist’s expenditure in biosphere reserve area. (4) social service industry has highly been benefited by increase in experience tourist after Gochang-gun was designated as the biosphere reserve area. (5) estimated net increase in number of visitors after the designation as biosphere reserve area is about 37,364 which is 93.4% of the absolute increase in number of visitors amounting 40,011 between 2011 and 2013.

The government of each country is making a policy of expanding recycling of wastes and waste-to-energy to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions to cope with climate change. This paper attempts to analyze the economic effects of waste disposal & materials recycling services (WDMRS) sector using 2012 input-output (IO) table published in 2014. To this end, we deal with three sectors: waste disposal, materials recycling services, and WDMRS sectors. More specifically, the production-inducing effect, value-added creation effect, and employment-inducing effect of the WDMRS sector are investigated based on demand-driven model. The supply shortage effect and the price pervasive effect are also examined employing supply-driven model and Leontief price model, respectively. The results show that the production or investment of 1.0 won in the WDMRS sector induces the production of 1.9324 won and the value-added of 0.7217 won in the national economy. Moreover, the production or investment of 1.0 billion won, supply shortage of 1.0 won, and a price increase of 10.0% in the WDMRS sector touch off the employment of 15.2462 persons, production loss of 2.0589 won, and an increases in overall price level by 0.0699%, respectively. This quantitative information can be usefully utilized inassessment of the WDMRS sector-related investment and policy.

Global climate change has made natural disasters become large-scale, diversified, and concentrated, causing social and economic damages one after another. The frequency of natural disasters and the scale of subsequent damages are continuously increasing and more than 90% of damages are caused by rainfall, wind speed, and snowfall. In particular, flood damage accounts for the greatest percentage of damage, which prompts us to prepare necessary preventive measures. Flood damage caused by river inundation often occurred in the past. Recently, however, inland flood damages, such as the inundation of Gangnam Station in 2011 and 2012, caused by urbanization have been increasing, which makes it necessary to simulate flood inundation and calculate the damages while considering the effect of inland inundation as well as river inundation. Accordingly, this study analyzed the inland inundation reduction effect through a simulation of flood inundation utilizing flood pumping stations in Anyang River. An economic analysis was also conducted. In addition, this study prepared/compared the flow inundation map based on the existence and operation of flood pumping stations during a localized heavy rainfall event and tried to analyze the economic feasibility by comparing the expected flood damage and the cost of flood pumping stations using Multi-dimensional Flood Damage Assessment. Through this study, results will be provided as reference data for qualitative flood inundation simulation and economic analysis of the basin where natural discharge of direct runoff is impossible and compulsive drainage is taking place.

The whole world concentrates on the reduction of greenhouse gas to effectively cope with policy toward global climate change. To effectively react to climate change, even the agricultural sector requires construction of new farming systems that utilizes new and renewable energy because of rising oil prices and regulations for greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, we need to fuse the new and renewable energy with the horticulture sector of which the light and heat energy cost accounts for great part, moreover, efforts and researches should me done which can increase income of farmers through reducing carbon dioxide and energy cost in agricultural production expenses. Therefore, this study analyzes economic feasibility and applicability of fusing geothermal heat pump and solar power facilities with high-tech glass greenhouse. As a result, it is concluded that there surely are an applicability and economic feasibility if we apply new development system that can be an alternative for problems of securing premises of existing geothermal heat pump and the RPS system as a power generation company in case of solar power. Therefore, using this analysis data, if new empirical studies fusing and implementing agriculture sector with new and renewable energy fields proliferate and be applied to actual rural and agricultural field, it will increase actual income and will become a new advanced agricultural system that effectively deals with world-wide environmental problems.

Improving traffic capacity and vehicle speed is no longer the main focus in transportation because of developments of technology and awareness of the citizens. Therefore, transportation's focus has been changing to solve social and environmental phenomena, such as noise and accident reduction and disaster prevention. One of new solutions that solves transportation problems is porous asphalt concrete pavement that can reduce highway noise and accident in wet condition. This research evaluated the economic characteristics of porous asphalt pavements by selecting associated safe and environmental variables. Also, The research conducted economic analysis between porous pavements and traditional pavements. The results show economic benefits of porous pavements.