국가 온실가스 인벤토리를 Tier 2 이상의 수준으로 향상시키기 위해서는 IPCC 기본값 대신 국가 고유의 배출계수가 개발 및 이용되어야 한다. 국가 고유 배출계수는 에너지원 종류, 에너지 공정, 시간 추세에 따라 달라지기 때문에, 각 에너지원별 특성값을 파악하는 것은 정확한 인벤토리 구축에 중요한 부분을 차지한다. 국내 석유계 에너지원의 물성은 시간의 경과에 따라 큰 변화는 없었으며, 국내에서 고시되고 있는 에너지원별 열량환산기준 상의 석유계 에너지원에 대한 열량 및 탄소배출계수를 2013년과 2016년에 실제 시료를 수집하여 발열량, 탄소함량 및 탄소배출계수를 산정한 결과값과의 비교분석에서는 대체적으로 일정한 값을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 석유계 에너지원별로 산출된 순발열량과 탄소배 출계수는 2006 IPCC Guideline에 나타낸 값들과 비교하였으며, 대부분의 에너지원이 2006 IPCC G/L의 기본값 및 상한, 하한 범위내의 값을 나타내었다.

The safety management of feeds has become a very important factor for food safety and legislation and system improvement are being implemented to prevent the hazardous factors from livestock products. The range of heavy metals in feed hazardous factors was similar among countries, but the As maximum limit was strengthened in Korea compared to China. Regulation of residual pesticide and radioactivity was only controlled in Korea. The range and maximum limit of mycotoxin were strictly controlled in China compared to Korea. In order to enhance the feed safety in Korea, it is necessary to improve the policy, strengthen the range of the feed hazard and the maximum limit and carry out the research related to the feed safety.

The aims of this study is to analyze the purchasing behavior of customers purchasing seafood using internet shopping mall based on the sales data of Suhyup Shopping Mall in 2016. The research shows three facts. First, 46.1% of those customers marine products in Suhyup Shopping Mall are purchasing less than 2 times a year and 62.7% of them are purchasing less than 5 times a year. Seconds, The amount of purchases of marine products using Suhyup Shopping Mall is very small. The proportion of purchasers with less than ￦100,000 per year is 48.5%, and the proportion of customers with annual purchases of less than ￦300,000 is 68.2%. Last, Relatively strong items were found by region and age. Abortion was a relatively strong item in the 20s, and In the 30s, the aquatic product set was a relatively strong item. In the 60s are seashells / scallops / shellfish and other fish, 70s are dried yellow croaker, abalone, tile fish and other fish. In the 60s and 70s, the other fishes showed strong relative strengths in terms of quantity and amount. But There were no relatively strong items due to regional differences according to the metropolitan area and nonmetropolitan area.

The purposes of this study are to analyze risks of construction step BIM(Building Information Modeling) applied project and improve it. Recently, construction industry has emphasized an importance of BIM for efficient utilization of various information. In the whole life cycle of huge construction project, there are cases introducing BIM and projects applying BIM are gradually increased to the work of construction step. However, the process of communication is not established, so the contents of BIM process of construction step are just showing rough fields and concepts of working utilization, so it's restrictive to utilize BIM actively on constructions step. Through results of case study in this research, constructor risks of BIM business should be efficiently treated with Fuzzy-FMEA that is more precise than existing danger evaluation.

Improving efficiency of the telecommunication is crucial to the development and growth of Korean economy. Recently, it has become important with the huge development of information technology and its greater potential for extensive impact on the rest of the economy. Hence, it is useful to determine the factors that help enhance efficiency in telecommunication and consider them in improving the evaluation model. This study applies DEA (data envelopment analysis) to evaluate the relative efficiency of 51 branches of a Korean telecommunication company. Using the super-efficiency approach, we tested outliers which may affect the results and ranked the efficient branches. A method of deriving key variables applied to business operation is proposed to identify the key performance indicators for evaluation that takes environmental (non-discretionary) factors into account. We used the extended CCR model proposed by Banker and Morey to investigate the influence of non-discretionary factor. The information provided by the model (slacks, weights) and the sensitivity analysis shows that the most important indicator that affects the branch performance is operating cost. The results of sensitivity analysis show that average efficient score decreases from 0.972 (base case) to 0.863 for CASE2-COST. The average score of the data proves the priority of operating cost over other indicators. The effect of environmental (non-discretionary) variable was found to be significant. The population effect was positive and improved overall efficiency by 0.91% on average. Non-discretionary factor plays a meaningful role explaining the performance of branches. The performance optimization report can help a manager of an inefficient branch to develop branch strategies. Managers can identify the top-performing units, study best practices and adopt the strategy to the organization.

본 논문에서는 Kano 분석을 통해 품질 역량 요소가 품질 개선에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. Kano 분석은 물리적 만족에 의한 고객 만족도의 변화를 효과적으로 설명하는 방법으로 어떠 특성요인의 제공여부와 그에 따른 고객의 만족관계를 분석하는 이원적 품질개념을 제시하고 있다. 즉, 서비스의 제공을 종축에 고객만족도를 횡축에 두고 개개의 서비스를 감동, 성능, 기본이라는 품질요소로 분류 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기능성, 신뢰성, 효율성, 사용성 등 8가지 소프트웨어의 품질역량 요소들에 대해 Kano 분석을 통해 특성요인을 분석하고 고객만족도 개선책을 제시한다.

The production of therapeutic protein from transgenic domestic animal is the major technology of biotechnology. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is known to play an important role in the growth of the animal. The objective of this study is construction of knock-in vector that bovine IGF-1 gene is inserted into the exon 7 locus of β-casein gene and expressed using the gene regulatory DNA sequence of bovine β-casein gene. The knock-in vector consists of 5’ arm region (1.02 kb), bIGF-1 cDNA, CMV-EGFP, and 3’ arm region (1.81 kb). To express bIGF-1 gene as transgene, the F2A sequence was fused to the 5’ terminal of bIGF-1 gene and inserted into exon 7 of the β-casein gene. As a result, the knock-in vector is confirmed that the amino acids are synthesized without termination from the β-casein exon 7 region to the bIGF-1 gene by DNA sequence. These knock-in vectors may help to create transgenic dairy cattle expressing bovine bIGF-1 protein in the mammary gland via the expression system of the bovine β-casein gene.

The pultruded fiber reinforced polymer plastic (PFRP) is one of the most actively studied composite materials for the structural member in construction industries. In domestic design process, the PFRP member is designed as an isotropic material having only longitudinal material properties for simplicity, because it is too complex to consider orthotrophy of PFRP perfectly. In this study, three cases of buckling analysis of PFRP plate is conducted theoretically and numerically. First, the PFRP plate is considered as an orthotropic material. Second, the PFRP plate is considered as an isotropic plate having only longitudinal material properties. Third, the PFRP plate is considered as an isotropic plate having geometric mean of longitudinal and transverse material properties. As a result of buckling analysis, a buckling strength of PFRP plate as an isotropic plate having only longitudinal material properties is about 2.21 times larger than that of PFRP plate analyzed as an orthotropic plate. On the other hand, a buckling strength of PFRP plate as an isotropic plate having geometric mean material properties is about 1.19 times larger than that of PFRP plate analyzed as an orthotropic plate. In conclusion, the safety factor of 3 used in domestic design process of PFRP member is no longer applicable due to overestimation of buckling strength of PFRP member which leads to nonconservative design.

This study was performed to provide fundamental data on the dietary life according to the acculturation degree. The subject was 305 Chinese students in South Korea region. The questionnaire respondents are consisted of 148 male students (48.5%) and 157 female students (51.5%). There was a statistically significant difference in age, education level, residence time, and Korean language ability according to acculturation degree (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in gender, residence pattern, purpose of coming to Korea. There was a statistically significant difference between meals frequency, outside frequency, and the intake of Chinese food according to acculturation degree (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in snake taking frequency (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in drinks and computer time according to acculturation degree (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between smoking and exercise (p>0.05). The food intake style of Chinese students was 2.47 in noodles, 2.34 in lunches and 2.15 in breads. According to the acculturation degree, the food intake patterns showed statistically significant differences in dumping kind, congee, hamburger and pizza, while meat products, smoked meat, noodle, lunch, cereal, kimbap, sandwich. And there was no significant difference. The correlation between the factors influencing the acculturation degree of Chinese students showed a statistically significant effect on dietary habits, food intake, education level, residence period, and Korean language ability.

현대사회는 과거 산업화 이후 빠른 통신 발달과 고도화된 인공지능 기술 산업화로 진 입하게 되었고, 최근에는 ‘4차 산업혁명’이라는 새로운 화두가 산업전반에 변화를 요 구하고 있다. 사회학자 등 관련학자들은 4차 산업에 대한 준비와 연구, 인식의 변화 등 다양한 문제들을 제시하고 있지만 정작 현대인들은 인식과 교육 훈련이 부족한 상태로 새로운 산업 환경에 직면하게 되었다. 그 동안 우리 현대인들은 무한 경쟁사회에 내몰려 치열한 삶을 살면서 정신적 고통과 육체적 피로를 동반하여 심신 건강이 위협받고 있다. 관련학계에서도 이러한 환경적 변화에 대한 많은 관심과 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이러한 환경에서 우리 인간이 심리적 안정과 정서적 감정 조절을 위해 영화를 선택하여 관람하 게 되면 심리적 장애 발생을 최소화하거나 심리적 장애를 겪는 관객들에게 치료 또는 치유적 효과를 얻을 수 있다는 많은 연구결과들이 있다. 즉, 영화가 우리 인간의 정서적 변화에 크게 관여하여 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 사료된다. 모든 영화가 심리치료를 목적으 로 활용되는 것은 아니다. 관객들은 영화의 내용과 장르에 따라 치료보다는 정서적 감정 이 치유되었다는 측면에서 영화를 통해 힐링(healing) 받았다는 표현을 한다. 관객들이 ‘영화를 통해 힐링 받았다’라는 얘기는 영화의 서사 즉, 영화 이야기 일 수 도 있고, 배우의 연기, 공간, 음악 등 영화를 구성하는 다양한 요소들이 포함된다. 필자는 이러한 영화적 요소 중에 관객들이 힐링을 받을 수 있는 연구대상으로 영화<마담 프루스트의 비밀정원>에 등장하는 비밀 정원이라는 영화적 공간을 치유적 관점으로 분석 연구하였 다. 특히 영화에서 공간은 영화의 이야기를 풀어내는 매우 중요한 공간으로 영화의 이야 기를 더욱 영화적으로 서술할 수 있는 장치일 뿐만 아니라 관객들에게 특별한 추억을 소환하기도 하고, 판타지를 제공하여 치유적 효과를 제공하기도 한다. 이러한 영화적 공 간에 대한 분석연구는 관련이론 연구와 병행될 것이며, 이를 바탕으로 영화의 특정 공간 과 장면을 치유적 관점으로 분석한다. 관객들은 영화의 특정 공간을 통해 주인공 폴이 정신적 장애를 치유해 가는 과정을 지켜보면서 어떠한 심리적 안정감을 획득하게 되는지에 대한 연구이기 때문에 특별한 연구의 틀을 적용하여 분석하기 보다는 이론적 객관 성과 타당성에 집중하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 영화의 특정 공간을 통해 극중 배우가 심 리적 장애를 극복해 가는 과정에서 관객들은 자신을 반추하며 감정이입에 따라 관객들 도 치유적 효과를 얻는다는 연구결과이다.

Driven by the ability to interconnect with key modern trends of healthcare and fitness, wearable devices are attracting significant level of interest from sports industry marketers. Wearable devices are the new electronic technology equipped with sensors, internet connections, processors, and operating systems and used external to the body, either attached as an accessory or embedded in clothes (Li, Wu, Gao, & Shi, 2016; Raskovic, Martin, & Jovanov, 2004; Yang, Yu, Zo, & Choi, 2016). As fully functional, self-contained electronics, wearable devices allow users to access information measured anytime and anywhere. According to ABI Research (2016), the global wearable device shipments will increase from 202 million in 2016 to more than 501 million by 2021. Specifically, market reports show that wearable fitness trackers have dominated the consumer market for wearable devices by accounting 85% of the wearable technology market in 2016 (International Data Corporation, 2016). A wrist-worn type of wearable fitness devices is the most popular but chest worn type, apparel, and other types (e.g., clip-on, ear-worn, etc.) of wearable devices are also used for fitness tracking. Wearable fitness devices analyze accumulated data of the users’ physical activity as well as provide the health and fitness status in real time. Studies on behavior change through wearable technology showed that feedback based on accurate and insightful analysis could lead long-term use of wearable devices (Fritz, Huang, Murphy, & Zimmermann, 2014; Patel, Asch, & Volpp, 2015). In this regards, smart applications linked to wearable fitness devices are widely used. As electronics IT products and services are recognized as an instance of fashion objects, many studies on the user acceptance of the products and services have focused on the importance of product design and visual attractiveness (Cyr, Head, & Ivanov, 2006; Tzou & Lu, 2007). However, little research has been done on user acceptance and behaviors of wearable fitness devices and smart applications linked to the devices focusing on the effect of the design aesthetics. Thus, the current study seeks to better understand the relationship between design aesthetics and the extended technology acceptance model (TAM) including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment. In addition, this study seeks to explore the synergistic effect of visual attractiveness of the smart applications linked to them on adoption process of wearable fitness devices and the related services. The definition of fashion is “a way of behaving that is temporarily adopted by a discernible proportion of members of a social group because that chosen behavior is perceived to be socially appropriate for the time and situation (Tzou & Lu, 2009, p. 312- 313).” A fashion object has some unique characteristics including styling, aesthetics, ego gratification, etc. and is perceived to be newer, more novel, more aesthetic or even more attractive than other choices (Tzou & Lu, 2009, p. 313). As iPhone and iWatch have changed the market trends of IT products and services, it is significant that consumer electronics products with visually attractive design are more likely dominate the market and consumers’ willingness to pay is high. As a fashion technology, the most popular type of wearable fitness devices is a bracelet that users can wear on their wrist. Users wear fitness devices 24/7 to track their physical activity to gain information for healthcare and fitness practice. Specifically, wearable fitness devices track physical activity, such as workout time and intensity, steps taken, calories burned, and even sleep patterns. By quantifying users’ behaviors, the devices can educate and motivate individuals to improve their health and fitness practices (Patel et al., 2015). Considering IT products as fashion technology, many studies on user acceptance of new technology show the importance of product design and attractiveness. Researchers found that the sensory experience of information technology as well as physical electronics products determined users’ perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment (Childers et al., 2001; Cyr et al., 2006; van der Hdijden, 2003). However, few studies have tested the effect of aesthetics factor on the wearable fitness device adoption process. Thus, this study defines design aesthetics as an aesthetic product design expressed through shapes, colors, and materials and user interfaces of wearable fitness devices (Yang et al., 2016) and examines the effect of design aesthetics on ergonomic conceptions such as perceived usefulness and ease of use and an emotional factor, perceived enjoyment. In addition, this study focuses on the synergistic effect of design aesthetics of a smart application linked to a wearable fitness device which can motivate use of the device by providing the users more insightful information. The devices collect users’ physical activity data 24/7 and transfer the data to a smart application linked to them, either through wireless Bluetooth syncing or plugging the device into users’ smartphone or PC. Then, the application provides useful feedback by informing the users their goals, progress, and the results of activity. Visual attractiveness of a wearable device defined by Yang et al. (2016) included an aesthetic product design expressed through the wearable device as well as through mobile applications linked to the device. However, the function and presentation of a wearable device itself and a smart application linked to the device are different. Simply, the wearable device is a hardware and the smart application is a software. To fully understand the role of a wearable fitness device which is physically presented on users’ body and a smart application linked to the device which requires more information visualization, this study examines the effects of design aesthetics of a wearable fitness device and the smart application linked to the device separately on the model of wearable fitness device and service acceptance. Introduced by Davis (1989), the TAM provides a framework for understanding the likelihood that individuals will adopt a new technology. The TAM postulates that two key factors predict a technological acceptance: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Defined as “the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her performance (Davis, 1989, p. 320)”, perceived usefulness describes the value users believe they could find in a wearable fitness device. Meanwhile, perceived ease of use is “the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort (Davis, 1989, p. 320).” According to the model, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use combined to develop behavioral intentions which in turn lead to the adoption of a technology (Davis, Warshaw, & Bagozzi, 1992, p. 660). Regarding IT products and services adoption, researchers consistently found the positive relationship between perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to adopt a new form of technology. Zaremohzzabieh et al. (2015) found a positive relationship between perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to adopt a new form of information communication technology. Lunney, Cunningham, and Eastin (2016) examined factors affecting the adoption of wearable fitness trackers found that perceived usefulness was the key factor that influenced attitude and use. Furthermore, perceived ease of use was a direct determinant of usage behavior. Researchers have agreed that perceived ease of use also a key determinant of intention to use technology (Bhattacheijee & Hikmet, 2008; Lunney et al., 2016; Tzou & Lu, 2009; van der Heijden, 2003). In addition to the original TAM model, researchers have enhanced the model by including a hedonic component of enjoyment in the adoption of IT products and services (Childers, Carr, & Carson, 2001; Cyr et al., 2006; Dabholkar & Bagozzi, 2002). Davis et al. (1992) included perceived enjoyment in TAM defining it as “the extent to which the activity of using the computer is perceived to be enjoyable in its own right, apart from any performance consequences that may be anticipated (p.1113).” Researchers found the positive relationship between perceived enjoyment and use of technology (Cyr et al., 2006; Teo, Lim, & Lai, 1999; van der Heijden, 2003).This study investigates the antecedents, moderator and consequences of wearable fitness device and service acceptance considering them as fashion technology. With empirical analysis, the results will provide interesting insights and suggestions. First, findings will show the effect of design aesthetics on ergonomic conceptions (i.e., perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) and an emotional factor (i.e., perceived enjoyment). This indicates that IT products are not purely results of engineering advances but be recognized as an instance of fashion objects (Tzou & Lu, 2009). Second, this study focuses on the synergistic effect of design aesthetics of smart application linked to a wearable fitness device which can motivate use of the device by providing the users more insightful information. Findings in the analysis of the effect of design aesthetics of the application and its adoption will provide deeper understanding on users’ wearable fitness device adoption by indicating overall service jointly influences users’ behavior. This study will provide useful insights and evidences to sports marketing managers how consumers make choices, how manufacturers should design services as well as hardware parts in the future.

목적 : 인간의 성격 5요인 (개방성, 성실성, 외향성, 우호성, 신경증) 특성을 기반으로 하여 시기능 훈련 을 시행한 결과를 실증적으로 분석하여 성격특성별 시기능 훈련의 상관성을 예측하고자 한다. 방법 : 교정시력 1.0 이상으로 20대의 성인 남녀 57명으로 시기능 훈련 전과 후의 양안시 검사를 실시하 고, 개인별 시기능 훈련 도구를 선정하여 시기능 훈련을 실시한 이후, 성격 5요인을 분류하는 60문항 5점 척도의 Big 5 성격특성 설문지검사를 실시하였다. 결과 : 시기능 훈련 후 측정 변화량과 성격 5요인의 상관분석 결과에서 외향성p<0.05)은 폭주근점, 신경 증(p<0.05)은 원거리 음성예비량 회복점, 성실성은 -1.00 가입후 측정된 사위도와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 원거리 음성융합예비량 회복점에 영향을 미치는 변수는 신경증(p=0.018)으로 신경증이 감 소할수록 원거리 음성 융합예비량 회복점이 유의하게 증가하였다. 시기능훈련 후 모건 기준에 따른 Big 5 성격특성별 상관관계에서는 범위 내와 범위 외로 구분한 결과 신경증은 근거리 양성 융합예비량 회복점에서 범위 내(4∼18) 35.17±3.47점, 범위 외(<4/≥18.1) 32.95±3.92점으로 범위 내에서 신경증의 점수가 유의 하게 높았다(p=0.029). 그러나 개방성에서는 모든 양안시검사 항목과 유의한 결과를 나타내지 않았다. 따라 서 개방성은 시기능훈련 결과 예측에 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 결론 : 성격 5요인과 시기능훈련 후 측정값에 유의한 차이를 보였던 양안시검사 항목을 일부 확인 할 수 있었으며, 향후 연구에서는 보다 축적된 자료를 기반으로 성격 5요인을 구성하는 각각의 하위요인이 시각계 에 미치는 영향에 대하여 세부적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

As the industrial society develops, the management of the production line becomes more and more important. There are also diversifying Management methods by industry. In addition, National Competency Standards (NCS) have also been developed. As a result, It has been created standards for each job and provide education and training standards for industrial production management tasks. Customer satisfaction is an ever-growing concern of management throughout the world. In addition, Colleges are focusing on vocational education. Because of the opening of the education market, They are competing in various ways. And, To survive in this competition. They are making great efforts to improve the lecture satisfaction. If education is regarded as an industry, it can be classified as a representative service industry. Because it is formed as a perfect competition between colleges. And then in this paper, This will focus on the mechanical production Manager duties of industrial engineering department related NCS. This study also conducted empirical studies to analyze factors affecting the curriculum using the KANO analysis.