The objective of this study was to estimate the growth curve parameters of body weight for female Elk. Weight and age data from 115 does raised at the Animal Genetic Resources Research Center in Korea were used in this study. The growth curve parameters were estimated from a nonlinear regression using Gompertz and Logistic models. Mature weight (A), growth ratio (b) and maturing rate (k) of female Elk were 214.1±2.17 kg, 2.12±0.0045 and 0.0043±0.00011, respectively, according to the Gompertz model. They were 208.3±2.17 kg, 5.56±0.234 and 0.0065±0.00017, respectively, according to the Logistic model. The goodness of fit determined by R2 was higher in the Gompertz model than that in the Logistic model. The growth curve functions obtained from the Gompertz and Logistic models in female Elk were f(t)=214.1×e-2.124×e-0.00484×t and f(t)=208.3×(1+5.561×e-0.00651×t)-1, respectively. The absolute growth rate functions from the Gompertz and Logistic models in female Elk were f'(t)=0.0043×f(t)×1n(214.1/f(t)) and f'(t)=0.0065×f(t)×[1-f(t)/208.3]respectively. The growth pattern of female Elk generated from this study can be useful in determining the most appropriate feeding plans and the best breeding strategies for deer.

부흥과 교회성장은 분명 다른 개념이지만, 많은 한국 기독교인들은 부흥과 교회성장을 동의어로 사용하고 있다. 예를 들어, ‘교회가 부흥했는가?’라고 질문을 할 때, 사람들이 알고 싶어 하는 내용은 대부분 교회의 숫자적 성장 여부이다. 이러한 경향은 1903년부터 1907년까지 지속된 초기 한국 대부흥의 시기에 있었던 교회성장 경험으로부터 시작되었다고 볼 수 있다. 이 논문은 부흥과 교회성장 간의 차이와 관계를 부흥의 의미, 목적, 결과를 중심으로 연구하고 있다. 만일 진정한 부흥이 일어난다면, 그 부흥의 결과는 교회성장으로 이어진다. 하지만 부흥 없이도 교회성장이 있을 수 있다는 점에서 교회성장과 부흥은 다르다. 그러므로 부흥과 교회성장이 매우 밀접한 관계에 있음에도 불구하고 이 둘은 서로 다르다고 볼 수 있다.

Many studies can now confirm that the body growth of youths aged 6 to 17 is increasing due to changes in dietary habits and lifestyles in Korea. If the growth of youths increase continuously, many companies that make chairs for youths must prepare anything. Youth's chairs, which are being produced at present companies, are produced by companies with multiple data. Looking at this chair, it may not fit the body of youths of the future. It is necessary to change the design dimension of the chair for that. In this research, we try to predict how the body of youths in the future will become bigger by using physical data of youths aged 6 to 17 years old. Then, using the predicted physical data, we will propose the dimensions of the design of the chair for youth.

This study examined the current state of the representative support projects for each government that have been promoted to foster local industries. We have identified the changes and focus areas of the supporting industries in the biotechnology and medical industry sectors selected by each region. As a result, we found that most of the support for the bio and medical industry is concentrated in the industrial biotechnology field. We found that continued investment by governments and local governments had an impact on the growth of the biomedical industry In addition, an analysis of the results for 15 years (2002~ 2006) on sales and net profit (net loss) showed that productivity and growth were affected.

본 연구에서는 막 증류법에 사용되는 PVDF 분리막을 나노입자로 개질하여 젖음 현상에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 나노입자를 분리막에 적용하기 위하여 널리 사용되는 dip-coating 방법의 경우, 나노입자에 의한 기공 막힘 현상과 나노입자와 표면과의 부착력이 약하다는 문제점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위하여, plasma 전처리를 통해 분리막 표면의 기공 크기를 키워주었으며, Fenton 반응을 통해 분리막 표면에 SiO2의 성장 작용기인 OH기를 생성시켜 주었다. 이로부터 SiO2를 성장시켜 준 뒤, fluoroalkylsilanes (FAS)를 이용하여 SiO2 표면의 소수성 처리를 통해 막을 준비하였다. 상기 방법을 통해 준비된 분리막과 처리 전분리막의 젖음 정도를 막증류 법으로 비교하였다.

본 연구는 육계에 Hematococcus pluvialis(H. pluvialis)의 급여가 성장 및 혈액 성상에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 2주령의 육계 120수를 기초사료 급여구(대조구)와 H. pluvialis 건조분말을 0.05(HP 0.05), 0.1(HP 0.1) 및 0.2%(HP 0.2)로 사료에 혼합하여 급여한 3개의 처리구로 나누어 5주 동안 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험 종료시점에, HP 0.2의 증체량은 대조구와 비교하여 통계적으로 유의성 있게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 사료요구율도 대조구와 비교하여 통계적으로 유의성 있게 개선되었다(p<0.05). 혈액학적 지표들의 경우, 모든 H. pluvialis 건조분말 처리구와 대조구 사이에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈액생화학적 지표들의 경우, HP 0.2의 aspartate aminotransferase 값이 대조구와 비교하여 통계적으로 유의성 있게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 본 연구의 결과를 통해, H. pluvialis 건조분말을 사료 톤 당 2.0kg 농도(0.2%)로 육계사료에 첨가하여 급여할 경우에 육계의 성장 및 사료요구율의 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

ZIFs (Zeolitic imdazolate frameworks)은 높은 화학적⋅열적 안정성, 높은 비표면적과 조절 가능한 기공구조로 최근 분리막 소재로 큰 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지 종류의 다공성 지지체(α-alumina 및 YSZ)를 사용하여 in situ 성장법으로 ZIF-8 분리막을 합성하고, H2/CO2 기체 투과 특성을 조사하였다. 결함 없는 ZIF-8층을 합성하는데 있어, 기공이 작은 YSZ 지지체는 α-alumina 지지체 보다 더 적은 시간이 요구되었다. 합성시간이 3 h인 경우, α-alumina 및 YSZ 지지체 위에 형성된 ZIF-8 분리막은 약 10 정도의 H2/CO2 선택도를 보였다.

Grain-growth behavior in the 95Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-5BaTiO3 (mole fraction, NBT-5BT) system has been investigated with the addition of Na2CO3. When Na2CO3 is added to NBT-5BT, the growth rate is higher than desired and grains are already impinging each other during the initial stage of sintering. The grain size decreases as the sintering temperature increases. With the addition of Na2CO3, a liquid phase infiltrates the interfaces between grains during sintering. The interface structure can be changed to be more faceted and the interface migration rate can increase due to fast material transport through the liquid phase. As the sintering temperature increases, the impingement of abnormal grains increases because the number of abnormal grains increases. Therefore, the average grain size of abnormal grains can be decreased as the temperature increases. The phenomenon can provide evidence that grain coarsening in NBT-5BT with addition of Na2CO3 is governed by the growth of facet planes, which would occur via mixed control.

Li-incorporated ZnO thin films were deposited by using ultrasonic-assisted spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) system. To investigate the effect of Li-incorporation on the performance of ZnO thin films, the structural, electrical, and optical properites of the ZnO thin films were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emssion scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Hall effect measurement, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry with variation of the Li concentraion in the ZnO sources. Without incorporation of Li element, the ZnO surface showed large spiral domains. As the Li content increases, the size of spiral domains decreased gradually, and finally formed mixed small grain and one-dimensional nanorod-like structures on the surface. This morphological evolution was explained based on an anti-surfactant effect of Li atoms on the ZnO growth surface. In addition, the Li-incorporation changed the optical and electrical properties of the ZnO thin films by modifying the crystalline defect structures by doping effects.

본 연구에서는 serM 모형에 한류의 SWOT분석―한류의 강점(Strength)과 약점(Weakness), 기회 (Opportunity)와 위협(Threat) 요인을 분석―을 결합하여 serM-SWOT 매트릭스 분석을 실시하였다. 이 를 통해 한류의 형성과 발전, 현황을 분석하고, 한류의 성장요인과 경쟁력 원천이 무엇인지 분석하였다. 더불어 한류의 발전 기회와 활성화 방안도 분석하였다. 본 연구결과, 한류가 20여 년간 지속적인 성장 을 거듭할 수 있었던 이유는 대략 다섯 가지 정도였다; 국제적 마인드와 전문성을 갖춘 프로듀서 및 아 이돌, 동서양 고유의 특징을 고루 갖춘 콘텐츠, 한국정부의 정책적인 할류 육성, 대외 수요의 급증, 디지 털시대에의 조응 등. 한편, 한류의 경쟁력은 한국이 미국, 중국, 일본 등지의 해외 문화를 자신의 것으로 승화･발전시킨 것에서 비롯되었다고 할 수 있다. 즉 타국 문화의 수용을 넘어 한국 특유의 문화산업으 로 발전시켰기에 한류의 강한 경쟁력이 형성될 수 있었던 것이다. 그런 점에서 한류의 지속적인 성장과 발전을 위해서는 이 같은 한류의 강점이 더욱 강화되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

The age and growth of Pleurogrammus azonus in the coastal of Gangwon-do, East Sea were determined, from monthly samples of commercial catches, caught by the gill net and set net fishery from January to December in 2008. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in September, and reached the maximum between November and December. After spawning GSI began to decrease from January. The annuli of P. azonus are formed once a year, with the boundary between opaque and translucent zones forming from December to January. The relationships between fork length (FL) and body weight (BW) were BW = 0.005 FL3.240(R2 = 0.963) for females and BW = 0.006 FL3.238(R2 = 0.946) for males. The FLs at annuli formation in otoliths were back-calculated from the otolith-length relationship and were adjusted to von Bertalanffy growth curves to FLt = 70.54 (1–exp(-0.099(t+1.188))) for females and FLt = 51.87 (1–exp(-0.135(t+1.697))) for males. Until the age of 3 years, males grew faster than females; however, from the age of 4 years, females grew faster than males. In the future, we want to study the relationship between early growth and water temperature changes in the East Sea

The oxicity assesment of Phenanthrene (PHE) has been investigated by using the rate (r) of survival and population growth in rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. The survival rate was determined after 24 h of exposure to PHE. The survival rate of PHE had no effect at a maximum of 300 mg L-1. The r was determined after 72 h of exposure to PHE. It was observed that r in the controls (absence PHE) was greater than 0.5, but that it suddenly decreased with an increased concentration of PHE. PHE reduced r in a dose-dependent manner and a significant reduction occurred at a concentration of greater than 37.5 mg L-1. The EC50 value of r in PHE exposure was 63.7 mg L-1. The no-observed-effect-concentration (NOEC) of r in PHE exposure was 18.8 mg L-1. The lowest-observed-effect-concentration (LOEC) of r in the PHE exposure was 37.5 mg L-1. From the results, the concentration of PHE (greater than 37.5 mg L-1) has a toxic effect on the r of B. plicatilis in natural ecosystems. These results (including NOEC, LOEC and EC50) might be useful for the Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) toxicity assessment in marine ecosystems.

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of purified amino acid (PAA) isolated and purified from animal slaughter house blood on growth performance and immune response of weanling piglets. A total of fifteen, 28 days old, weaned pigs were randomly distributed into three treatment groups, 5 pens per treatment (one head per pen). Each experimental diet was provided to five piglets per group (T0, 0% PAA; T1, 0.1% PAA; T2, 0.5% PAA). The feed consumption was calculated daily and body weight on a weekly basis. The blood samples were analyzed for plasma concentration of biochemical parameters and cytokines using ELISA Kit assay. Pigs fed with the 0.5% PAA have greater average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) as compared to those of T0 and T1. However, ADG and FE of T0 and T1 have no remarkable differences. The plasma cytokine levels were lower in T2 as compared to T0 and T1. The blood parameters like total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glutamate oxalate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were within the normal range in all the treatment groups. The study indicated that supplementation of 0.5% PAA have positive effect on the growth performance of the weanling pigs. Moreover, supplementation of the amino acid isolated and purified from animal slaughter house blood has no adverse effect on palatability of the feed and health of the animals.

As the competitiveness of SMEs (small and medium enterprises) is getting more and more improved and globalized, the government provides various consulting services to secure the competitiveness of small and medium firms and support stable growth. However, the assessment of the result from the government’s support is generally focused on non-financial factors, such as customer satisfaction and analysis of improvement effect. This paper is in regards to the statistical analysis of how much the government’s support in the form of providing consulting services contributes to financial outcomes in terms of profitability and growth. ROA (return on asset) and ROS (return on sales), which are investment profitability and sales profitability respectively, are chosen as an indicator of profitability. For analysis of growth, sales revenue and total asset growth are used. The samples are 44 corporations which are supported by government, and 150 corporations which are selected for comparison, with corporate growth support center program by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy chosen as the consulting model. After gathering the yearly balance sheets and income statements of the samples from CRETOP, Korea Enterprise Data, the analysis is conducted in the way of identifying the statistical significance of financial difference in the same period between corporates taking consulting services and corporates which have not, and the difference of financial outcomes from the corporates taking consulting services before and after consulting services. As a result, in terms of business growth, it is turned out to have positive difference both in growth ratio and profitability compared to the compared corporations at the significant level. Therefore, it is obvious that the consulting program which government provides to SMEs have direct influence practically to the corporates’ management performance.

We investigated a Leidenfrost effect in the growth of ZnO nanostructures on silicon substrates by ultrasonic-assisted spray pyrolysis deposition(SPD). Structural and optical properties of the ZnO nanostructures grown by varying the growth parameters, such as substrate temperature, source concentration, and suction rate of the mist in the chambers, were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence spectrum analysis. Structural investigations of the ZnO nanostructures showed abnormal evolution of the morphologies with variation of the substrate temperatures. The shape of the ZnO nanostructures transformed from nanoplate, nanorod, nanopencil, and nanoprism shapes with increasing of the substrate temperature from 250 to 450 °C; these shapes were significantly different from those seen for the conventional growth mechanisms in SPD. The observed growth behavior showed that a Leidenfrost effect dominantly affected the growth mechanism of the ZnO nanostructures.

This study aims to suggest the methodology to improve to estimate back-calculated fish growth parameters using weighted average. It is to contribute to correct errors in the calculation of back-calculated growth equation with unequal numbers of sample by age. If the numbers of sample were evenly collected by age, each back-calculated length at age was equal between arithmetic and weighted averages. However, most samples cannot be evenly collected by age in reality because of different catchability by fishing gear and limitation of environment condition. Therefore, the estimation of back-calculated length by weighted average method is essential to calculate growth parameters. There were some published growth equations from back-calculated length using a simple arithmetic average with different numbers of samples by age when searching for back-calculated growth equations from 91 relevant papers. In this study, the process of deriving growth equation was investigated and two different average calculations were applied to a fish growth equation, for example of Acheilognathus signifer. Growth parameters, such as L∞, k and t0, were estimated from two different back-calculated averages and the growth equations were compared with growth performance index. Based on the correction of back-calculated length using weighted average by age, the changes by female and male were -14.19% and -5.23% for L∞, and 59.28% and 18.91% for k, respectively. The corrected growth performance index by weighted average improved at 7.05% and 2.46% by female and male, respectively, compared to the arithmetic averages.

The age and growth of pointhead flounder, Hippoglossoides pinetorum caught by gill nets was analyzed in this study from March 2015 to July 2017. New annuli were formed in H. pinetorum otoliths annually, and the boundary was set between the opaque and translucent zones from March and April. The relationships between total length (TL) and body weight (BW) were BW = 0.0025 TL3.409 (r2 = 0.9551) for females and BW = 0.0057 TL3.138 (r2 = 0.9163) for males. In this study, the ring of pointhead flounder, H. pinetorum was formed between 3 and 8 for females and between 3 and 6 for males. Total length (TL) and otolith radius (OR) were measured as follows: TL = 7.142 OR + 0.769 (r2 = 0.793) for females and TL = 6.498 OR + 1.706 (r2 = 0.652) for males. The mean distances of first ring (r1) were 0.92 mm and 0.91 mm for females and males respectively. The TLs at the time of annulus formation, back-calculated from the otolith-length relationship by reference to the von Bertalanffy growth curves, were Lt = 43.59 (1-e-0.15(t+0.007)) for females and Lt = 28.13 (1-e-0.26(t+0.006)) for males while the growth between female and male was different.

본고는 기술혁신과 경제성장 간의 관계에 대한 연구동향을 비판적으로 검토한 다. 경제성장에서 혁신의 역할에 대한 여러 가지 입장들이 존재하며 이러한 입장들에 따라 그러한 연구동향을 정리한다. 신고전파의 성장론, 국가혁신체제론, 기술역량론, 경제추격론 등의 관점에 따라 한국을 대상으로 한 기술혁신과 경제성장에 관한 국내⋅외 연구가 본고의 검토대상이다. 이러한 비판적 검토와 성찰을 통해 앞으로의 연구과제들을 제시한다.

As ZIF materials have their unique properties such as high surface area, tunable pore structure, thermal and chemical stability, they can be used in various applications including gas separation and catalysis. For synthesis of ZIF membranes, fixing sub-micron ZIF seed particles on the support is challenging and important. In this work, ZIF-8 seed layer was synthesized by conversion synthesis of ZnO layer on support in H-mIm solution, followed by the secondary growth synthesis of ZIF-8 membranes. The parameters of conversion seeding had been investigated to control the reaction rate combining the dissolution rate of ZnO and the crystallization rate of ZIF-8. This ZIF-8 membranes showed the better coverage of seeding layer and improved gas separation properties compared with the membranes prepared by traditional dip-coating seeding method.