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        검색결과 326

        161.
        2013.02 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        돼지의 육질과 관련하여 지방침착의 중요도가 높아짐에 따라 지방대사 또는 지방축적과 관련한 후보유전자 발굴 을 위해 등지방 조직 유래의 cDNA microarray를 이용하여 품종별 지방함량관련 조직의 유전자 발현 양상을 분석하 였다. 그 결과 재래돼지의 등지방 조직에서 SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase)와 ELOVL6 (elongation of very long chain fatty acid 6)가 높은 발현을 보였고, 간에서 FMO1 (hepatic flavin-containing mono oxygenase)이 높은 발현을 보였으며, 요크셔는 간에서 FGG (fibrinogen gamma polypeptide)와 C3d (com- plement component c3d), 등지방에서 COL3A1 (type Ⅲ collagen alpha 1)이 높은 발현을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. Real-time PCR을 통해 microarray data의 validation과 품종간 유전자 발현량을 비교하여, 위의 유전자들 중 지방함량에 따른 차등발현 유전자로 SCD, ELOVL6 그리고 FGG를 선정하였다. 선정된 유전자 SCD, ELOVL6, FGG는 지방대사에 관여하며 근내지방 함량에도 영향을 미쳐 향후 육질개선에 유용한 후보유전자로 서 활용가능성을 제시하였다.
        4,300원
        162.
        2012.12 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Skin serves as an easily accessible source of multipotent stem cells with potential for cellular therapies. In pigs, stem cells from skin tissues of fetal and adult origins have been demonstrated as either floating spheres (cell aggregates) or adherent spindle-shaped mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells depending on culture conditions. The cells isolated from the epidermis and dermis of porcine skin showed plastic adherent growth in the presence of serum and positively expressed a range of surface and intracellular markers that are considered to be specific for MSCs. The properties of primitive stem cells have been observed with the expression of alkaline phosphatase and markers related to pluripotency. Further, studies have shown the ability of skin-derived MSCs to differentiate in vitro along mesodermal, neuronal and germ-line lineages. Moreover, preclinical studies have also been performed to assess their in vivo potential, and the findings appear to be effective in tissue regeneration at the defected site after transplantation. The present review describes the recent progress on the biological features of porcine skin-derived MSCs as adherent cells, and summarizes their potential in advancing stem cell based therapies.
        4,000원
        163.
        2012.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        The process of embryo implantation requires physical contact and physiological communication between the conceptus trophectoderm and the maternal uterine endometrium. During the peri-implantation period in pigs, the conceptus undergoes significant morphological changes and secretes estrogens, the signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy. Estrogens secreted from the conceptus act on uterine epithelia to redirect , luteolysin, secretion from the uterine vasculature to the uterine lumen to prevent luteolysis as well as to induce expression of endometrial genes that support implantation and conceptus development. In addition, conceptuses secrete cytokines, interferons, growth factors, and proteases, and in response to these signals, the uterine endometrium produces hormones, protease inhibitors, growth factors, transport proteins, adhesion molecules, lipid molecules, and calcium regulatory molecules. Coordinated interactions of these factors derived from the conceptus and the uterus play important roles in the process of implantation in pigs. To better understand mechanism of implantation process in pigs, this review provides information on signaling molecules at the conceptus-uterine interface during early pregnancy, including recently reported data reported.
        4,200원
        164.
        2012.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        This study was carried out to development paternal selection indices for improvement of meat production ability in Korean Native Pigs which were raised at the swine farm. Records on 1,053 Korean native pigs for average daily gain (ADG), age at 70 kg (D70 kg) and backfat thickness (BF) made between 2001 and 2010 in herds on National Institutes of Animal Science in Korea were used to estimate genetic parameters. The data was analyzed by the MTDF-REML (Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood) program of Boldman using a multi-trait animal model. The results to estimatethe genetic parameters were as follows. Heritabilities were 0.26, 0.09, and 0.29 for ADG, D70 kg and BF, respectively. The phenotypic correlations of ADG with D70 kg and BF were -0.89 and 0.15. The phenotypic correlation of D70 kg with BF was -0.16. The genetic correlations of ADG with D70 kg and BF were -0.28, 0.93, respectively. The genetic correlation of D70 kg with BF was -0.34. Selection indices were calculated as follows using genetic parameters and economic values estimated in this study. I1=100+9.72(ADG–)–1.33(BF–), I2=100–0.14(D70 kg–)–1.16(BF–), where ADG is individual average daily gain, is average daily gain of contemporary group, BF is individual backfat thickness, is backfat thickness of contemporary group, D70 kg is individual days to 70 kg and is days to 70 kg of contemporary group
        4,000원
        165.
        2012.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        The objective of this study was to identify the effects of various environmental effects associated with performance testing results in pig population of domestic pig breeding farms. Performance test data collected from 2,000 to 2,010 were a total of 265,901 heads. By breeds, data consisted of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire. Environmental factors considered in models were breed, sex, farm, year of test, season of test, and parity. Broad range of age at testing day averaged at 155 days of age were grouped as A (up to 140 days) B (141~150 days), C (151~160 days), D (161~170 days), and E (greater than 170 days). Traits analyzed were ADG, days to 90 ㎏, end weight (body weight at the test day), rib eye area, back fat thickness. Age group effects were all significant for all the traits studied (p<0.05). As ages at test day get greater, ADG, days to 90 ㎏ and end weight tended to be greater while ultrasound measures of rib eye area and back fat thickness tended to be less. This would be the results of linear age adjustments on ultrasound measures, that caused overestimation in younger age groups and underestimation in older age groups than in average age group (C). This was evidenced by looking at ultrasound measures before linear age adjustments were applied. We conclude that, for more accurate performance testing, testing within guided age interval should be abided. And further researches should be made on biologically justifiable methods of age adjustments especially for ultrasound measures.
        4,000원
        166.
        2012.10 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        3종의 초위성체 마커를 이용해 분석한 대립유전자형을 F0, F1 그리고 F2로 세대 간 구분 하여 동일한 개체 출현확률 값을 추정한 결과 F2의 무작위교배집단으로 가정한 경우 13종의 초위성체 마커는 3.84 × 10-23의 추정치를 나타내 37개의 SNP 마커를 이용할 경우와 유사한 동일개체 출현확률 추정치를 유추할 수 있었다. 본 연구에 사용한 실험축군은 2품종 상호교배로 만들어졌다. 친자감정확률 추정치를 전체집단을 대상으로 13종의 초위성체 마커와 37개의 SNP 마커를 이용하여 분석한 결과 부모를 동시에 찾을 수 있는 추정치인 PEpu의 경우 초위성체 마커는 0.97897이고 SNP 마커는 0.99149였으며, 한쪽 부모를 찾을 수 있는 추정치인 PE의 경우 초위성체 마커는 0.99916이고 SNP 마커는 0.99949로 나타났다. 또한 가능한 후보 부모들로부터 가장 확률이 높은 부모를 찾을 추정치인 PNEpp의 경우는 초위성체 마커와 SNP 마커 둘 다 1.00000으로 추정 되었다. 한정된 부모집단 내 한정된 대립유전자형을 통해 대량의 비육돈이 생산되는 국내의 양돈산업의 경우 DNA 마커의 특성, 분석집단의 크기, 유전자형 분석의 정확도와 비용, 분석된 자료 관리의 용이성 및 기존 분석 시스템과의 호환성 등을 고려하여 효율성과 경제성이 높은 마커를 선정해 마커 조합을 만드는 것이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
        4,000원
        167.
        2012.10 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        본 연구는 2004년부터 2011년까지 한국종축개량협회에서 듀록 품종에 대하여 수집된 40,657두의 검정기록 및 이들과 혈연관계가 있는 47,974의 가계혈통정보를 이용하여 산육형질에 대한 유전모수를 알아보고자 연구를 실시하였다. 듀록의 산육형질에 대한 유전모수 추정은 고정효과로써 성, 동기우 그룹, 산차 및 검정종료시 개체나이(공변이), 임의효과로써 개체의 상가적 유전효과 및 잔차효과를 포함한 혼합모형방정식을 구성하였으며, 분석은 리눅스 기반의 REMLf90 프로그램을 이용하여 다형질 분석을 실시하였다. 유전력은 90 kg 도달일령, 일당증체량, 등지방두께 및 등심단면적에서 각각 0.334, 0.340, 0.335 및 0.200로 추정되었다. 또한 형질간 유전상관의 결과를 살펴보면, 90 kg 도달일령과 일당증체량, 등지방두께 및 등심단면적에서의 유전상관이 각각 -0.992, 0.130, 0.358, 일당증체량과 등지방두께, 등심단면적에서의 유전상관은 각각 -0.142, -0.361, 등지방두께와 등심단면적간에는 -0.243로 나타났다. 90 kg 도달일령과 일당증체량간에 고도의 부의 상관을 보였으며, 90 kg 도달일령과 등지방두께, 등심단면적은 중저도의 정의 상관을 보였으며, 나머지 형질간에는 부의 상관을 보였다. 듀록 선발시 산육형질간 유전상관을 고려한 개량목표 설정이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
        4,000원
        174.
        2012.09 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has a many function involved proliferation, differentiation and survival of many cells. In this study, to investigate whether S1P improve the developmental competence of porcine embryos, 50 nM of S1P were supplemented during in vitro maturation (with EGF or without EGF) medium and/or in vitro culture (IVC) medium. Addition of S1P was significantly increased the rate of oocytes reaching metaphase II (MII) compared to the control (83.5 vs. 64.1%) in without EGF medium, but not with EGF medium (89.5 vs. 84.6%). When treated with 1 μM of N1N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS), a sphingosine kinase inhibitor which is blocked endogenous generation of S1P, the meiotic progression rates to MII stage (without EGF: 45.2 and with EGF: 66.7%) were significantly decreased and degeneration rates (without EGF: 51.2 and with EGF: 30.1%) were increased in both medium compared to control group during IVM periods. Also, the rates of blastocyst formation was significantly increased in the S1P treated group compared to control group (29.0 vs. 19.2%) of EGF supplemented medium, whereas there were no effect in the EGF free medium (9.0 vs. 10.5%). After 12 h IVM, the phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2, which is major signaling pathway of MAP kinase, were increased in the S1P group than that of control or DMS group. When supplemented of S1P during IVC, the rates of blastocyst formation and total cell number (30.2% and 40.6) were significantly increased in S1P-treated group compared with control (20.1% and 32.5), DMS (12.3% and 25.1), and S1P plus DMS group (24.7% and 33.6). The percentage of apoptosis nuclei in the S1P group was significantly decreased than other groups. Also, the rates of blastocyst formation (26.7 vs. 14%) and total cell number (42.8 vs. 32.5) were significantly increased in the S1P group than those of control group when S1P added during the entire IVM and IVC periods. Taken together, our results indicate that S1P supplementation in IVM and/or IVC medium affects beneficial effect of meiotic maturation and subsequent developmental competence of porcine embryos.
        4,000원
        175.
        2012.09 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        The key regulators of apoptosis are the interacting protein of the Bcl-2 family. Bcl-2, an important member of this family, blocks cytochrome C release by sequestering pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins such as Bid, Bad, Bax and Bim. The pro-survival family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-W) are critical for cell survival, since loss of any of them causes cell death in certain cell type. However, its role during early porcine embryonic development is not sufficient. In this study, we traced the effects of Bcl-2 inhibitor, ABT-737, on early porcine embryonic development. We also investigated several indicators of developmental potential, including gene expression (apoptosis-related genes) and apoptosis, which are affected by ABT-737. Porcine embryos were cultured in the PZM-3 medium with or without ABT-737 for 6 days. In result, significant differences in developmental potential were detected between the embryos that were cultured with or without ABT-737 (14.7±3.0 vs 30.3±4.8%, p<0.05). TUNEL assay showed that the number of containing fragmented DNA at the blastocyst stage increased in the ABT-737 treated group compared with control (4.7 vs 3.7, p<0.05). The mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax increased in ABT-737 treated group (p<0.05), whereas expressions of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-W) decreased (p<0.05). Also, expressions of the ER stress indicator genes (GRP78, XBP-1 and sXBP-1) increased in ABT-737 treated group (p<0.05). In conclusion, Bcl-2 is closely associated with of apoptosis- and ER stress-related genes expressions and developmental potential in pig embryos.
        4,000원
        176.
        2012.06 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Transgenic pigs are promising donor organisms for xenotransplantation as they share many anatomical and physiological characteristics with humans. Recently, a step has been moved closer to xenotransplantation by producing genetically modified pigs that has no α-1,3-Gal epitope, the major xenoantigens triggering HAR of pig to primate xenografts. Further genetic modifications such as expression of human complementary regulatory proteins, CD39, endothelial protein C receptor, heme-oxygenase 1, thrombomodulin, tissue factor pathway inhibitoras well as modulators of the HLA-E/β-2-microglobulin, and CTLA-4Ig are due to address for further rejection mechanisms and incompatibilities between porcine and primate blood coagulation systems. Although the pig is the favored species for use as a xenograft donor, a detailed description of the transgenic pig development and surgical technique is lacking which seems mandatory to address for broader understanding of this issue.
        4,800원
        178.
        2012.06 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        In this study, we examined whether Hanganutziu‐Deicher (H‐D) antigens are important as an immunogenic non‐a1,3‐galactose (Gal) epitope in pigs with a disrupted a1,3‐ galactosyltransferase gene. The targeting efficiency of the AO blood genotype was achieved (2.2%) in pig fibroblast cells. A total of 1800 somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos were transferred to 10 recipients. One recipient developed to term and naturally delivered two piglets. The a1,3‐galactosyltransferase activity in lung, liver, spleen, and testis of heterozygote a1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene knockout (GalT‐KO) pigs was significantly decreased, whereas brain and heart showed very low decreasing levels of a1,3‐ galactosyltransferase activity when compared to those of control. Enzyme‐linked lectinosorbent assay showed that the heterozygote GalT‐KO pig had more sialyla2,6‐ and sialyla2,3‐ linked glycan than the control. Furthermore, the heart, liver, and kidney of the heterozygote GalT‐KO pig had a higher N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content than the control, whereas the lung of the heterozygote GalT‐KO pig had Neu5Gc content similar to the control. Collectively, the data strongly indicated that Neu5Gc is a more critical xenoantigen to overcoming the next acute immune rejection in pig to human xenotransplantation.
        179.
        2012.06 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        The influenza viruses can be spread from birds to people. In this process, the pig is the intermediate host, and this virus is amplified and produces many mutations in pigs. Therefore, we attempted to develop the influenza-resistant pigs for the study of the virulence test and the transgenic (TG) animal model for translational research. At interferon- α, γ treated cells, the porcine Mx2 protein has been observed near the nuclear envelope and inhibits influenza virus proliferation, but not in common cells. So, we tried to produce the Mx2 gene over-expressed pig by somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT).First, we establish the Mx2 gene over expressed cells for the preparation of the TG donor cells. Porcine fetal fibroblasts were transfected with cytomegalo virus vector which include the porcine Mx2 gene. The established transgenic cell was injected into the enucleated ooplasm for the production of the Mx2-TG cloned embryos. Total, 511 female TG porcine SCNT embryos (TG-SCNTembryos) were made. The 511 female TG-SCNT embryos were transferred to five surrogates. On 25 days after embryo transfer, two of female embryos’ surrogates were diagnosed as pregnant (pregnancy rate, 40%). On day 114, we obtained six cloned piglets and four mummies from two of female embryos’ surrogate. Being analyzed by PCR, all female piglets were not integrated with Mx2 gene. Hereby, we again established newly male MX-TG cell line for donor cell of SCNT. 427 male TG-SCNT embryos were made. From these, 38 of male TG-SCNT embryos were cultured in in vitro to confirm the developmental capacity of TG-SCNT embryos. Among these porcine SCNT-TG embryos, 26 embryos (68.4%) were cleaved. Finally, 5 transgenic porcine SCNT embryos (13.2%) developed to the blastocyst stage. All male TGSCNT blastocysts were proved to be integrated with Mx2 gene as PCR analysis. Therefore, we expect that newly birth male piglets will be targeted with MX2 gene. The remaining 389 male embryos were transferred to four surrogates. On 25 days after embryo transfer, one of male embryos’ surrogates was diagnosed as pregnant (pregnancy rate, 25%). Now, pregnant surrogate have maintained at 88 days after embryo transfer and shown more than eight embryonic sacs. This study has presented new possibilities of production of influenza virus resistant pig by SCNT for translational research. * This work was supported by a grant from Next-Generation BioGreen 21 program (# PJ008121), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
        180.
        2012.06 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Among laboratory animals, pigs are anatomically and physiologically closer to human. Transgenic (TG) pigs can be widely applied as models of human diseases. Many researchers created TG pigs which have specific modified genome under a constitutively active promoter. A constitutively active promoter is effective to express a target gene, but the uncontrollable expression often results in unwanted outcomes. In this study, as a way to solve these problems, we tried to regulate the expression of target genes by tetracycline (Tet) on/off system. We tested the operation of Tet on/off system in TG donor cells. Miniature porcine fetal fibroblasts were transfected with universal doxycycline- inducible vector and an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was used as the target gene. The induced transgene expression by doxycycline was detected on fluorescence microscopy. On one day after 1 μg/ml doxycycline treatment, the fluorescence intensity for TG cells was increased. And we then performed Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) to confirm the working of Tet on/off system in the porcine SCNT-TG embryos. Total 649 transgenic porcine SCNT embryos were made. From these, 64 of SCNT embryos used in invitroculturewith1 μg/mldoxycycline. Among these porcine SCNT-TG embryos, 39 embryos (60.9%) were cleaved. Finally, 15 transgenic porcine SCNT embryos developed blastocyst. Induced transgene expression was observed all of cleaved embryos and blastocysts. The remaining 585 embryos were transferred to 6 surrogates. On 25 days after embryo transfer, two surrogates were diagnosed as pregnant (pregnancy rate =33.3%). On day 113 (one day prior to delivery), we obtained six cloned TG piglets from first pregnant surrogate. Unfortunately, all TG piglets died because their surrogate died suddenly at delivery time. However, we could obtain the TG cell lines from the cloned TG piglets. Being analyzed by PCR, all piglets were found to be eGFP gene targeted. Now, second pregnant surrogate have maintained at 80 days after embryo transfer and shown more than three embryonic sacs. This data suggested that, Tet on/off system can control target gene expression in transgenic porcine SCNT embryos. This result has presented new possibilities of regulation of target gene expression in cloned TG pigs by Tet on/off system. * This work was supported by a grant from Next-Generation BioGreen 21 program (# PJ008121), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.